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Abstract
In the design of green ports, the strategic decision on what types of container transportation equipment are appropriate is extremely important. Yard trucks (YTs) are indispensable in container transportation. In this paper, we propose a YT retrofitting and deployment problem that considers hazardous material transportation in green ports. A stochastic mixed-integer programming model is developed to minimize the costs of purchasing, retrofitting, and chartering YTs and the operation costs during the planning horizon. An enhanced Benders decomposition based on a Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is developed to solve the model. We conduct numerical experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. We find that the larger free carbon emission quotas provided to enterprises by the government are not always an optimum solution. This research also provides suggestions that can inform decisions about YT retrofitting and deployment and that can contribute to the sustainable development of green ports.