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Abstract
Security is one of the most used and disputed concepts in the field of International Relations. Achieving security has always concerned the world, from those who hunted to ensure their food security, to those who started wars in the name of self-determination. The spotlight highlighted security, especially after the two World Wars, which led to a reconfiguration of the world. The institutionalization of the field of International Relations favored the emergence of different paradigms that aimed to identify and explain the causes of the war and to develop strategies to ensure this good. The purpose of this article is to analyze three of the best-known theories - realism, liberalism and constructivism - and to highlight the methods identified in order to achieve security. The approach will be predominantly descriptive.
Keywords: security; balance of power; democracy; community security.
INTRODUCTION
The field of International Relations is a recent institutionalized one, appearing as an area of independent research in 1919 at the University of Wales. The synchronization of the emergence of this new field of research is not meaningless. The destructiveness of the First World War, labeled as total war, the high number of casualties and the effects generated underlined the importance of analyzing the causes that were at the base of such an event in order to avoid future similar catastrophes. From that moment until now, in the field of International Relations, different theories have emerged that have tried to explain why states start a conflict, what are the most important causes, but also how states can obtain and maintain a high level of security.
At that moment, the liberalist theory that appeared as an alternative to the power policy of the 19th century was best folded on the existing realities. It emerged as a natural effect of the 14 points shaped by US President Woodrow Wilson, the formation of the League of Nations and the commitment that some states have made to collective security. It turned out, not long after the end of the First World War, that the world was not yet ready to join the liberal vision - the Great Depression (1929-1933), the coming to power in Italy of Benito Mussolini, the emergence of Nazism in Germany and the seizure of power...