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Abstract:
Myocardial infarction is a key component of the burden of cardiovascular crises which is a common presentation of ischemic heart disease. It is a disease with serious consequences in mortality, morbidity, and cost to the society. It is characterized by chest pain, epigastric discomfort, general malaise, sweating and anxiety. These symptoms may affect by different modifiable and non modifiable predisposing risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, physical activity, alcohol use , age, family history, abnormal lipids, obesity, high risk diet, smoking and psychosocial stress. This review has considered these predisposing risk factors. Smoking followed by hypertension, abdominal obesity and diabetes are the most important risk factors. Fruits and vegetables consumption is characterized among less common factors while alcohol is a protective risk factor. Various uncommon factors block coronary artery thus causing an MI. A healthy life style and proper physical activity can reduce the occurrence of MI in normal or otherwise healthy patients. While morphine sulphate subcutaneously or intravenously, reperfusion with direct angioplasty and coronary angiography should be considered for patients without identifiable mechanical complications.
Keywords: Myocardial Infarction, Modifiable predisposing factors, Non modifiable predisposing factors
INTRODUCTION
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a pathological process due to a compromise in the blood supply of such severity to an area of myocardium that adequate oxygen cannot be obtained even after prolonged rest. [1]Acute coronary syndrome has two subtypes which refer to acute myocardial infarction, namely non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction and STelevated myocardial infarction, which are not always but most frequently a manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD). [2]
Coronary artery disease is a chronic disease with stable and unstable periods. During unstable periods patients may develop MI with the involvement of activated inflammation in vascular wall. A myocardial infarction may be the first manifestation of CAD and in patients with established disease, it may occur repeatedly. [3]
MI means, a part of heart muscle loses its blood supply due to sudden formation of blood clot in coronary artery, leading to death of the affected part if no prompt treatment is devised. It may sometimes call as coronary thrombosis or more commonly heart attack. [4][5]
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Classical symptoms of acute MI include shortness of breath, sudden chest pain (typically radiating to the left side of the...