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Abstract
Despite extensive research demonstrating relationships between hope and well being, little work addresses whether hope is malleable. We test a single-session, 90-min intervention to increase college students' hopeful goal-directed thinking (as defined by Snyder et al. in, Pers Soc Psychol 60:570-585, 1991). To date, this study represents the only test of hope's malleability in fewer than five sessions and contributes to the small but growing literature regarding positive-psychology interventions. This intervention is especially relevant to college students, given the increasing psychological distress and lack of perceived control noted among this population (Lewinsohn et al. in, J Abnorm Psychol 102:110-120, 1993; Twenge et al. in, Pers Soc Psychol Rev 8:308-319, 2004). Ninety-six participants were assigned to the hope intervention or one of two comparison/control conditions--progressive muscle relaxation or no intervention. Assessment occurred prior to intervention (pre-test), following intervention (post-test), and at one-month follow-up. Participants in the hope intervention showed increases in measures of hope, life purpose, and vocational calling from pre- to post-test relative to control participants. They also reported greater progress on a self-nominated goal at one-month follow-up. Counterintuitively, although hope predicted goal progress, hope did not mediate the relationship between intervention condition and goal progress. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]