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Abstract
This article, which is the first in a two-part series, provides an introduction to understanding quantitative research, basic statistics and terminology used in research articles. Critical appraisal of research articles is essential to ensure that nurses remain up to date with evidence-based practice to provide consistent and high-quality nursing care. This article focuses on developing critical appraisal skills and understanding the use and implications of different quantitative approaches to research. Part two of this article will focus on explaining common statistical terms and the presentation of statistical data in quantitative research.
Keywords
Evidence-based practice, quantitative research, statistics, study design
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Aims and intended learning outcomes
This article aims to provide information to nurses who are attempting to appraise and review quantitative research articles critically. The broad nature of research means it is not possible to cover all aspects of research methodology in detail, however the article can help nurses gain a better understanding of quantitative research and the principles that underpin it. After reading this article and completing the time out activities you should be able to:
* Acknowledge the importance of identifying, appraising and understanding quantitative research evidence.
* Identify key questions for appraising research evidence critically.
* Recognise and identify the common quantitative research methods used within different studies.
* Appraise and evaluate the limitations of quantitative research evidence from a range of sources.
* Develop evidence-based knowledge relevant to your area of practice.
Introduction
At a time of considerable advances in medical and nursing practice, it is important that healthcare professionals stay abreast of the changes (Department of Health (DH) 1997, 2008). The Code (Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) 2008) states that nurses need to provide a high standard of care at all times. Nurses also need to ensure that their skills and knowledge reflect evidence-based practice (NMC 2008). The ability of nurses to use or undertake research is therefore essential, not only in promoting best practice, but also in establishing nurses as competent, autonomous, highly skilled and knowledgeable professionals (Salvage 1998,...