CANTEMIR'S ROLE AND IMPORTANCE IN EDUCATION. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

Abstract

Recognition of Cantemir's interdisciplinary culture was performed at the time of his election as a member of the Berlin Academy. It works Cantemir managed to highlight culture remains and Islamic culture in Europe. Framed in history and philosophy, culture remains and Islamic culture in Europe. Framed in history and philosophy, ideas and concepts that we developed Dimitrie Cantemir still be found in the literature of our country and abroad. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Headnote

Abstract: Recognition of Cantemir's interdisciplinary culture was performed at the time of his election as a member of the Berlin Academy. It works Cantemir managed to highlight culture remains and Islamic culture in Europe. Framed in history and philosophy, culture remains and Islamic culture in Europe. Framed in history and philosophy, ideas and concepts that we developed Dimitrie Cantemir still be found in the literature of our country and abroad.

Keywords: Culture, ideas, culture interdisciplinary, Romanian culture, Islamic culture.

Motto: "'A people that does not know the history, it is like a child who does not know the parents and past."

Nicolae Iorga

In view of George Calinescu, Dimitrie Cantemir Lorenzo de 'Medici is ours, characterized it as:

"Prince enlightened, ambitious and blasé, man of letters and ascetic library, intriguing and solitary and misanthropic organizer people, lover of Moldova, crave and adventurer, academician Berlin, Russian prince, Roman chronicler Dimitrie Cantemir, Lorenzo de 'Medici is ours."The thought and deed to have brought forth over the centuries, deep and permanent wearing their significance in the minds and souls of those who have taught the brave struggle Dimitrie Cantemir"1

"Cradle Cantemiristilor the country where they started and where they ruled, is Moldova"2.

Dimitrie Cantemir, "was born on October 26, 1673, into a family of yeomen, Falciu area."3

1673, coinciding with the beginning versificarii Romanian, marked the publication Uniev in Poland, a Psalter in verse, which is written by Metropolitan Dosoftei.

Love for teaching, he inherited from his mother, Anna, a woman who had a rich culture, to it was added in the care of his father, training, enjoyed with his brother Antiochus, which was performed on several years.

His father, "Constantin Cantemir was gifted with the art weapons and not that of the pen, the merit of his father's bravery, Constantin Cantemir, who obtained several governors, and in 1685, under the name Conastantin Voda receives the seat, the prince of Moldavia."4

The first teacher, Dimitrie Cantemir's, was brought especially his father "Constantin Cantemir, in Iasi, "in 1688, to deal with the education of his son named Jeremiah Cacavela, a scholar of Greek origin from Crete that contributed to the education of Dimitrie Cantemir to broaden the intellectual horizon and commitment to orthodoxy and philosophy."5

Scribe Jeremiah Cacavela, was a man of wide culture, passionate Latin and Greek antiquities and good knowledge of languages: Greek, Latin and Slavonic languages as Dimitrie Cantemir, he learned from it. Relative to the first notion of filozfie, Dimitrie Cantemir and has mastered all of this scholar, who incidentally, put and classical culture and theological foundations.

In the period between "1689-1691, ie at the age of 15, Dimitrie Cantemir, was sent by his father to Constantinople as a pledge, the sultan, respectively, during the turbulent wars between Turkey and Poland."6 During this time, Dimitrie Cantemir, he continued his studies at the Academy Orthodox Patriarchate, called the Great School.

Dimitrie Cantemir is describes himself as "Greedy to know and learn many things in common and the special" Academy studying with teachers Orthodox Patriarchate, such as: Alexander Mavrocordat, Meletius of Art, notary.

His studies were focused on this period, the knowledge of philosophy, geography, general medicine, knowledge of languages: Turkish, Arabic, Persian, was performed with famous teachers.

He was concerned and studied in this period and culture, religion, literature and Turkish music with famous scholars in Fanar.

Oriental Culture, investigated Dimitrie Cantemir, will reflect later in his works.

On top of that, "also in this period, his father, made and correspondence Gate, established diplomatic relations, maintain active links with envoy of Louis XIV and the Dutch representative, through which it is in contact with science and Western culture, which demonstrates that Cantemir was known before the publication of his writings."7

"In 1691, back in Moldova, where he remained until his father's death in 1693, year in which the boyars elected prince of Moldavia, for proper only 20 days because the Ottoman favorite was Constantin Duca who had support from Constantin Brancoveanu, Prince of Wallachia.

In these conditiieste is forced to go to Istanbul, where you live and will continue their studies up to 37 years. In 1606, Antioch Cantemir, elected prince of Moldavia, during which, Dimitrie Cantemir, becomes reprentantul diplomatic, its the gate. "8

Dimitrie Cantemir, in this period, besides studies, writings, music, accompanying Ottoman army, and military experience.

Relative to the music, Cantemir Dimtrie composed music, often singing in Istanbul, the Ottoman rulers of the great feasts being considered by the Turks, a great musicologist.

In addition to being talented, he also was among the first Turkish folklore gathered and which, in transcribed by a system of musical notes, invented all by himself. Because interselor Gate, "in 1710, Dimitrie Cantemir in Moldavia is called by the port, which saw in him a man faithful and energetic to promote their policies."9 To the throne of Moldavia, there Brancoveanu old rivalry game and the Cantemiristilor.

Brancoveanu managed several times to obtain Moldova seat for people you's, when Dimitrie Cantemir, Prince of Wallachia was seeking, and more Romanes countries wanted release from the Turkish yoke.

"His whole life has been guided by this idea of freedom of the Romanian people."10

Relatively, the royal throne, prince of Moldavia, Dimitrie Cantemir, he formed the royal council of noblemen who were his loyal Cantemir family, including: Neculce chronicler Ion Nicolae Costin.

Dimitrie Cantemir, wants an absolute rule and hereditary.

During his reign, he supported small free nobility and peasantry respectively social categories to which he was tied. Dimitrie Cantemir, proceeded to the reduction of tributes, which resulted in attracting support and sympathy from their side.

Dimitrie Cantemir and externally imposed political principles, which were intended, getting neatarnarii country, but being short reign and many of its ideals has not been implemented. Treaty of Lutsk, from 13.04.1711, "in the context of the Russo-Turkish alliance to provide Russia with Moldova that, Moldavians, Russians counted on Moldovan army, which was to assist the Russian army, instead, asked alliance both politically and militarily, for which, Tsar ensure liberation of Moldova under Turkish rule, while ensuring absolute rule and hereditary Cantemir's."11

Between 8 to 12 July 1711, following the war wore Stanilesti between Russian and Ottoman armies, which trminat in failure, Dimitrie Cantemir, was forced by circumstances to seek help to escape the Tsar in Russia, as the followed peace between Russia and the Sublime Porte.

In 1714, "after high activity that Dimitrie Cantemir had in various fields, both nationally and internationally, for his absolute, who was recognized by the Academy of Berlin, honoring him as honorary member of the Academy."12

Cantemir was, is and will remain in the hearts of both Moldovan and Romanian people and for the people learn today's modern world, for which both Romanian students attending university both TRA and abroad, their knowledge writings and works great Dimitrie Cantemir.

In Russia, Dimitrie Cantemir was approved by Peter the Great, so, Dimitrie Cantemir, is called its intimate adviser, and in 1721 Debin and member of the government.

"Permanent center of its concerns throughout this long period of wandering was the firm especially his interest in books and writing"13. Primary work that compose the opera, the great scholar Dimitrie Cantemir in their sequence, is as follows:

1. Sage sofa or quarrels with the world in 1698;

2. Metaphysics in 1700;

3. Logic in 1701;

4. Universal Physics Van Helmont in 1701;

5. Turkish music treaty in 1704;

6. Ierogrifica history in 1705;

7. Study the nature monarchs in 1714;

8. Descriptio Moldaviae in 1716;

9. History of growth and decline of the Ottoman Empire in 1716;

10. Life of Constantine Cantemir in 1718;

11. Cantacuzinos events and Brancoveanu in 1718;

12. Consciousness in 1722;

13. Mohammedan religious system in 1722;

14. Hronicul Moldovan-Roman antiquity Vlachs in 1723;

These works, plus numerous studies, notes that lay testament to its concerns and broadmindedness which he embraced his work.

The richest writings, aims, history Moldavia respectively Moldova description, written by the great Romanian scholar Dimitrie Cantemir, at the request of the Berlin Academy. "Work description Moldova is the first writing a Romanian with a strong scientific, geographical, political, linked to the organization of the state, society, culture, religion, school, manners, specific period."14

"This paper is a true encyclopedia, due wealth of data and information contained within it and more, for the first time Cantemir us known in the East and the West, as a nation, as a country, as Latin."15

Proper documentation and sources used by the great scholar, Dimitrie Cantemir in Moldavia description is far superior to literature, the type of chronicles written up to that time.

The paper "Description of Moldova", is grouped into three parts:

1. Chapter I is an overview geographic targeting, dividing the country into provinces, with water, mountains, valleys, plains, forests, income, etc;

2. Chapter II. is a chapter covering political structura, namely:'s reign, about boyar ranks, host country's, laws, etc.;

3. LII Chapter. Is the chapter in which the organization of the church, literature, language structure, is speaking about education.

Description of Moldavia, is one of the most valuable works and addresses men of culture in Europe. "Up to Dimitrie Cantemir, none presented with such conviction and clarity desire for independence and the idea of Latin origin, our people."16

Hronicul Moldovan-Roman antiquity Vlachs, illustrates the history of all Romanians, who has a strong historiography. In this paper, present logical arguments. Wealth and presentation of data, the struggles waged by our people and especially that for the Cantemir we can consider our first historical for the first time with a superior work of those who have posted before.

The idea of independence from Dimitrie Cantemir, involves the idea of culture, education and fighting. By Dimitrie Cantemir, we as a people, we entered civilization and European culture.

As a man of letters and historian, "was confirmed by Divide Ottoman historical works, which illustrates an epoch of decay of the Ottoman Empire, is how Cantemir addressed the European powers in the first place by Peter the Great of Russia, to liberate subjugated people, danger from the Turks were subjugated culture and civilization"17 and presentation states social, political and economic conditions at the time, the work on periadele1698-1723:

1. During the period, 1698-1701 - dafilozofica periods: Soft, image sacred science, logic;

2. During the period, May to December 1705 is being written from his beginnings: History Ierogrifica;

3. 1711-1723: During refuge in Russia: History of the Ottoman Empire, description Moldova, Moldovan-Roman antiquity Hronicul Vlachs.

Under the influence of Aristotelianism, Cantemir show a broad interest in ethnic issues for individual status, meaning that the individual is a rational being, able to decide their own destiny.

"Dimitrie Cantemir, advocates achieving perfection, but not by giving up life as expected, docmatica Orthodox, but by living them, according to Stoic ethics returning assigned primary human freedom, namely, the right to think and to have itself. The theme of the relationship between individual and community is one of the leit-motives, all his works."18

Dimitrie Cantemir, "believes that each individual must decide the whole activity, completeness intellectual and moral qualities "benefit of the congregation", noting that these concerns puts the author in the constellation Ierogrifice spiritual history, the most advanced Italian humanists such as as, Pier Paolo Vergerio, Machiavellian, who saw the civic one of the fundamental criteria of social ethics."19

Peter Vajda, noted that the Cantemir, promoting the "Using publicity", was born in the struggle for independence and was met with aristocratic oligarchy struggle with his moral critique of course the expected state is essentially medieval scholar, he or urmarste could not take into account the social determinations, political and weather. But his removal transformation of morals, subordinating personal interests, the public.In a world where social value criterion they represent wealth and noble lineage, humanist Cantemir introduces another axiological scale, the individual is an expression of intellectual and moral qualities.

Romanian scholar, expresses and this time, one of the fundamental ideas, humanism: "Nobility is not in idleness says Bernardino of Siena, but the work done on behalf of the family and the state, and Coluccio salutation, made famous aphorism:" scholars people are more perfect than those unlearned".

Cantemir, believes that "science wisdom not arrogant and high chairs, but bowed heads and learned lives". Are among the most prominent European personalities of the time, the ideas, the scientific rigor of his research, the methodology adopted by the critical spirit that has investigated mainly by documentary sources."20

"The work of Dimitrie Cantemir, our historiography, enters the modern phase, there therefore, the study of history is not a mere record of events, but as an explanation of them, by the context of social, economic, political and their interaction, as otherwise, the increase and decrease in the history of the Ottoman court, daily life and customs, language, culture, religion Turks."21

"There is no man to doubt that science and penetrating mind set which was created based on known principles which creates uninterrupted natural order, according to their own laws."22

Based on the theory of double truth, Dimitrie Cantemir, sits research, in terms of causality, considering the state as a natural fact. "What man will deny that the whole mind and monarchies itself be deemed of particular things?" Pointing out that "and monarchies follow a natural circle and impossible to change that and they need to keep the order of the past, present and future."

Form of social organization 23 expected Cantemir, is cyclical in human history, Dimitile Cantemir "manages to decipher the sequence of four monarchs' corresponding to the four parts of the world, Eastern, Southern, Western culminating in the north."24 "Cantemir's writings have u expilicativ pronounced political character. Cantemir beyond humanistic concerns "theory of history is dominated by a political purpose, the disappearance of the Ottoman Empire, but in the latter tendency that emphasize Cantemir anticipated political spirit of the Enlightenment."

In his writings, Dimitrie Cantemir turned to 25 Byzantine sources, or to testimony of ancient historians Slavic chronicles Polish or Hungarian.

Cantemir reveals ancient unity of the Romanian people, divided in medieval times, due to historical visicitudinilor in three distinct political entities.

"Latin origin demonstrated by chroniclers, especially by invoking arguments emphasizing language belonging to the family of Romance languages Romanian language, is widely discussed Cantemir in complexity with a great wealth of historical arguments, linguistic, ethnographic, as it did in describing particular Moldovan or Romanian-Moldovan Hronicul of age-vlahilor.

Remarcabil is demonstrated in the Chronicle, the idea continuitii our people "unruptured follower" Cantemir giving a reply on those unassailable position subjective, unfounded scientifically disputed this fact."26

The idea of atinity and that our people never leftthat place "never set foot outside of its borders have not removed" Admitting that during migration, at certain times, people are withdrawing to natural shelter of the mountains.

Cantemir points out that after the storm passed those prey varvaresti, back to his place, leave and all dominion is sucking all places and cities, now Ardelia, Moldova and Wallachia is.

Examination of Romanian continuity eminent scholar has raised interesting methodological problems that you solve copy.

"Demonstration of Romanian political rights of the people taken by Cantemir, integrating national history in circuit universal history, he emphasizes the contribution of the Romans in defense of European civilization, the other Romanic peoples:

"In nature we seek, heart and courage iroicesca, aive iaste that decisions novelistic world against stirpelor (the wild) immortal Tatar (barbarian), like walls of brass put and apathy were considered invincible".27

By this "Cantemir out of the narrow circle of his predecessors, incorporating our culura a wider circuit of the ideas of modern Europe."28

In his writings, Cantemir, demonstrate and argue. Studying history by Dimitrie Cantemir is made, in an effort to justify political rights of our people and fight against their Ottoman emulate.

Criticism of Cantemir initiated against oppressive Turkish system is made based on a profound knowledge of Ottoman mores, is one of the most incisive of our literature.

In the allegorical language of history Ierogrifice, Dimitrie Cantemir, called Porta "City Epitihimii" or "craving" or a temple of greed, the corruption, plunder are institutionalized habits.

Social issues, occupies a central position in the work of Cantemir. The relationship between landlords and the downtrodden especially concerned him though he himself an exponent feudal Cantemir often find words to condemn the great boiermi, showing understanding, even defending the interests of serfs and free peasants. Rivalries between aristocratic parties who detemina frequent rule changes obtained with countless bags of gold taken from the backs of people's prilejuiesc them Cantemir bitter imprecations.

"Cantemir the height or the exception that confirms the rule, the period commonly called" old "(seolele XVI-XVII)."29

In "Cantemiristii-European Adventure of a princely family in the eighteenth century," Stephen Lemny, specifies that: "Moldova" and "Moldovans" were terms that sounded familiar and less-century Europeans before. Darkness of ignorance born imaginings.

Echoes his former teacher are illustrated his first book: Divan.

Emblematic character at the junction of East and West, is forming under the influence of several traditions personalittaea.

Upon receipt of Dimitrie Cantemir Academy in Berlin and elaboration of Moldova description upon request Academy Europeans vision changes.

Once in the cultural landscape, Dimitrie Cantemir "will not preznta as a continuation of scholars in his native country but will exceed the scope of its concerns, he climbs the top of the social and political hierarchy, known as the first ruler and scholar from these regions, which is recognized as such and its counterparts from throughout Europe."30

"There is significant that a culture like ours, chaired by Cantemir model"31, who "embodies our encyclopedic scope, capacity gnoseologic, encyclopaedism or polihistorisml."32

Roman people with a history of over 2000 years, with a troubled history, has gone through many armed conflicts, since other peoples migratory invasion was under occupation for centuries, starting from 101-102 AD, the Roman people was occupied and the Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, later the Russians, the Germans, until 1918, when it gained independence, but things did not stop there, he was forty-eighters rvolutia in 1821 and then the two world wars , 1914- 1916 and 1940-1945, the War of Independence in 1877.

A statesman and former minister Nicolae Iorga it's the postwar period,said a more printers dictum concerning the national history of the Romanian people, "A nation which does not know the history and roots, is like a child who knows his parents and past."

Education, not just culture, education involves training at different stages of life of the individual, which Cantemir, enjoyed to the full.

The whole experience, lived at home and abroad, illustrated with craftin his work, was, is and will be a wellspring for Danubian-Pontic area.

Contribution to education, contribution to science, Dimitrie Cantemir, made by his wonderful works.Understanding education, Dimitrie Cantemir, speaks, in his "Description of Moldova", a work which is one of the most valuable works and addresses men of culture in Europe.

Since his work refernta that topic was written and who put a lot of heart, wisdom, devotion, patriotism, love of country and the people and the struggle for independence from centuries of the Roman people, respectively, in Chap LII. famous work of Moldova description.Is the chapter in which the organization of the church, literature, language structure, is speaking about education.

The idea of education in Cantemir is a corollary of his entire work.Fantastic contribution that had Dimitrie Cantemir, education, fundamental vision is owed, in areas such as history, philosophy, geography, political science, literature, music, and so on, plus, the scientific rigor of research its demonstration based on argumentation theory, the methodology adopted by the critical spirit that has investigated mainly by documentary sources.

It works scribe novel, Dimitrie Cantemir, has contributed economic, geographic, political, social, philosophical, etc.These works, which are, prominently both in university libraries in the country and srainatate constitutes a real source of cunastere for young people who want to do a specialization in the history, philosophy, philology, geography, etc., but also a source culture.Cantemir Dmitrie taught mathematics, history, philosophy, geography, Mohammedan religion, music from renowned scientists at the time.

He had contact with finest backgrounds, including United shone Orthodox Patriarchate School or Academy, University successor Byzantium, then filled with vast knowledge of Turkish-Arab culture, which he wrote later.

Dimitrie Cantemir is a versatile scholar who used his spiritual power, culture and education has to enter the Western European values and that he wanted to leave behind his immeasurable wealth for the education, culture and science.

His work constitutes a veritable treasure trove of works and manuscripts, as representative of Islam, and the Romanian nation, is also a precursor of the Transylvanian School. For young people today, a tendency towards work cantemiriana, means knowledge, culture and education, respectively, a much broader knowledge base and more detail that would be helpful and would understand better titanic work of predecessors our.

For young people today, Dimitrie Cantemir, is a model of culture and education.

Cantemir's training was done by his father's care and was progressive.

While the desire for knowledge of Dimitrie Cantemir developed by scholars, scholars at that time, so that, at the time when his father Constntin Cantemir decided to give guarantees for the Turkish Sultan, thought so, First, the political and secondly, to think about training and education more laborious, his son, to be able to receive training and education chosen from teachers, scholars and scholars who mastered very well, political science, military, philosophical, geographical, linguistic, theological.

Sultan Gate, at the time Dimitrie Cantemir had the opportunity to know the history of Byzantine, Ottoman history, that when the pledge was given up when he returned to the country as the gentleman was able to see both flowering of the Ottoman Empire from all points of view and its decay.

All what he learned there, he tried to implement since it became ruler of Moldavia, both on the history, philosophy, politics, geography, modern world that has lefta priceless treasure, both for the country our and Europe, for which, for its merits, to culture: philosophical, historical, literary, was, is and will remain, a visionary and a wise man.

Dimitrie Cantemir, expressed love for nation and country, as a politician, but as a great scholar, with concern for accuracy, authenticity by comparing its scientific research documents and arguments, in order to obtain conclusions.

Which is why, in his book masterpiece respectively Decrierea Moldova, stated in this regard that "we do not dare to decide which of the two would be closer to the truth, for fear that love of country might we blind and let our gaze away some things that others may see them easily, so let the good reader to judge yourself. "An eloquent proof on the merits to culture, both domestically and in Europe, by Demetrius Cantemir, is the fact that these merits were recorded in dictionaries and encyclopedias, and especially the fact that recognition was by the Academy of Berlin, where he was a member of the Berlin Academy, which is recognized all the credit.

Philosophically speaking, Dimitrie Cantemir, is and will remain, one of the great philosophers of Europe of his time.

In addition to contributions in the areas listed above, Dimitrie Cantemir, and has contributed and education through his writings, which are in a place of honor in university libraries in the country and srainatate, which is a real source knowledge and depth for young people who want to do a specialization in the history, philosophy, philology, geography, etc., but also a source of culture, for which the Romanian people, it honors every year on 26 October.

Out of respect and appreciation, in Romania, there are higher education institutions and high schools that bears nmele.Thus, in 1990, the same considerations as a sign of respect and appreciation, was born, Christian University "Dimitrie Cantemir" of Bucharest, the care membrilorilor founders: Mr. Prof. Luburici and Mrs. Prof. Momcilo -Adriana Corina Dumitrescu (Radu), from whose initiative and whose financial and material resources was established that private higher education institution under the auspices of the Cultural Association "Dimitrie Cantemir", where, in addition to the core business, University carries out activities related or complementary educational and research activities.

Due to the contribution by the steering group, the group of teachers who started a higher education that year by year, trying to raise the bar even higher, and therefore can be seen from the results year by year, to students that when universitatre graduation, they are licensed, and many try and go farther to deepen as much knowledge as master and PhD students.

Due to requirements for submission to year, this passionate group of teachers led by its founding members, who want to inspire all the knowledge they have of their students to the name and emblem which bears University of respect for Dimitri Cantemir and requirements which are recognized this university, these students can be rightly called, cantemirisi, which in turn will certainly carry on all the teachings and superb depth of this illustrious university, which is Christian University "Dimitrie Cantemir "Bucharest.

Footnote

1 Simionescu Paul, Dimitrie Cantemir, ruler and humanist scholar, Encyclopedic Publishing House, Bucharest, 1969;

2 Stefan Lemny, Cantemiristii-Aventura europena a unei familii princiare din secolul al XVIII-lea;

3 Lemny Stephen Cantemiristii-European Adventure of a princely family in the eighteenth century, Ed Polirom, 2010;

4 Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian description prefaced by club Constantine, Ed. Ion Creanga, Bucharest 1978;

5 Stan Stoica, Biographical dictionary the history of Romania, Ed. Meron, New York, 2008;

6 Idem.

7 Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian description prefaced by club Maciuca Constantine, Ed. Ion Creanga, Bucharest 1978;

8 Stan Stoica, Biographical dictionary the history of Romania, Ed. Meron, New York, 2008;

9 Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian description prefaced by club Maciuca Constantine, Ed. Ion Creanga, Bucharest 1978;

10 Stan Stoica, Biographical dictionary the history of Romania, Ed. Meron, New York, 2008;

11 Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian description prefaced by club Maciuca Constantine, Ed. Ion Creanga, Bucharest 1978;

12 Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian description prefaced by club Maciuca Constantine, Ed. Ion Creanga, Bucharest 1978;

13 Simionescu Paul, Dimitrie Cantemir, ruler and humanist scholar, Encyclopedic Publishing House, Bucharest, 1969;

14 Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian description prefaced by club Maciuca Constantine, Ed. Ion Creanga, Bucharest 1978;

15 Idem

16 Idem

17 Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian description prefaced by club Maciuca Constantine, Ed. Ion Creanga, Bucharest 1978;

18 Idem

19 Peter Vajda, Dimitrie Cantemir and humanism, Minerva Publishing House, 1972;

20 Peter Vajda, Dimitrie Cantemir and humanism, Minerva Publishing House, 1972;

21 Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian description prefaced by club Maciuca Constantine, Ed. Ion Creanga, Bucharest 1978;

22 Idem

23 Idem

24 Idem

25 Peter Vajda, Dimitrie Cantemir and humanism, Minerva Publishing House, 1972;

26 Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian description prefaced by club Maciuca Constantine, Ed. Ion Creanga, Bucharest 1978;

27 Idem

28 Idem

29 Monica Joita, Time and history in the work of Cntemir, Ed. Romanian Writing, 2004;

30 Lemny Stephen Cantemiristii-European Adventure of a princely family in the eighteenth century, Ed. Polirom, 2010;

31 Noica Constantine, lautism, Humanitas Publishing House, 2008;

32 Monica Joita, Time and history in the work of Cntemir, Ed. Romanian Writing, 2004;

References

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