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Abstract: In this paper we will present shortly the techonology for the recovery and transformation of biogas in thermical and electrical energy.
The case presented is about the landfill Anton, in Andenne, from Belgium.
We will analyse the need to apply this technology in this case, the parameters of installations, the analyses of the biogas outcome, the quantity of the thermical and electrical energy produced and the conclusions.
Keywords: landfills, biogas, techonology, energy.
1. INTRODUCTION
The problem of gases in the landfills
Household waste is composed of 50 to biodegradable organic matter 70%: green waste (damaged peelings, vegetables, meal leftovers etc), soiled paper, wood remains and other variable things related to the households. They start with being placed in discharges and burned under the following deposits their cycle of anaerobic biological breakdown: passing through a transformation under the action of numerous bacteria,resulting in mineral substances and gas. It's in fact the natural law of the recycling of the organic substances: in simple language is the decomposition of the alive cells and their handing-over into the natural circuit. It is said that the discharge is a bioreactor.
Biogas is thus the gas produced by the anaerobic digestion of the organic matters contained in waste. It is composed of methane (55%), carbonic gas (45%), the sulphur dioxide (H2S), elements traces (sulphides, BTEX, COV). The elimination of biogas is a legal requirement. Several legal texts impose its recovery and its destruction (the Directive EEC of the 26/04/99, AGW of the 27/02/03, etc).
2. THE LOCATION OF RESEARCHES: LANDFILL ANTON, IN ANDENNE, BELGIUM
2.1. Presentation of the site: location, surface.
Located in the province of Namur, the landfill of Anton is on the commune of Andenne, Bonneville section, in the South of the national road N°90 connecting Huy to Namur. The site has a total surface area of 13.9 ha (5 ha for the landfill). The site occupies the excavations of an old calcareous career, installed with hillside, in overhang of the Meuse.
The landfill has been exploited since 1981 to receive waste from the town of Andenne and sludge from dredging resulting from the construction of a bridge stopping on the Meuse. From July 1983, its use intensified, because the landfill underwent an extension of the area...