Content area
Full text
About the Authors:
John P. Incardona
* E-mail: [email protected]
Affiliation: Environmental Conservation Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Carol A. Vines
Affiliation: University of California-Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, California, United States of America
Tiffany L. Linbo
Affiliation: Environmental Conservation Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Mark S. Myers
Affiliation: Environmental Conservation Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Catherine A. Sloan
Affiliation: Environmental Conservation Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Bernadita F. Anulacion
Affiliation: Environmental Conservation Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Daryle Boyd
Affiliation: Environmental Conservation Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Tracy K. Collier
Current address: Oceans and Human Health Initiative, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
Affiliation: Environmental Conservation Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Steven Morgan
Affiliation: University of California-Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, California, United States of America
Gary N. Cherr
Affiliations University of California-Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, California, United States of America, Departments of Environmental Toxicology and Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
Nathaniel L. Scholz
Affiliation: Environmental Conservation Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Introduction
Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) and other shore-spawning forage fish are commercially and ecologically important species in coastal marine ecosystems. Because their embryos incubate attached to substrates in shallow nearshore areas, they are highly vulnerable to the harmful effects of oil spills that lead to shoreline contamination. Herring embryos spawned three months following the Cosco Busan oil spill in San Francisco Bay showed high rates of late embryonic mortality in the intertidal zone at oiled sites [1]. Although affected embryos developed to the hatching stage (e.g. fully pigmented eyes) by the time of sampling, microscopic examination revealed that most embryos were in a state of deterioration, with severe tissue disintegration....