It appears you don't have support to open PDFs in this web browser. To view this file, Open with your PDF reader
Abstract
Background:Regenerative cosmetic products are a major segment of the cosmetic industry. The intervention of oxidative damaged cellular mechanism with antioxidative substances are well known and studied, but the interest in new products is still omnipresent. Around 2010, a new approach developed with the use of injectable autologous growth factors and cytokines. They have anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects to the skin’s cellular structures. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is part of this new approach and known for its healing potential inmusculoskeletal disorders. As skin aging is also correlated with oxidative damage and inflammatory processes, the use of ACS could help cellular structures to regenerate and rejuvenate.
Aim:The aim was to evaluate the efficiency and compatibility of injected ACS in three clinical studies on female facial skin and the in vitro effects on human dermal fibroblasts.
Material and Methods:For the in vitro effects, human dermal fibroblast were incubated with ACS and a combination of ACS and hyaluronic acid (HA) from six patients, generating eight ACS and two ACS + HA samples. An methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay for cell viability, western blot for collagen I A (COL1A) and TGF-ß1, and an enzyme immunoassay for procollagen type I production were conducted. For the different assays, fetal calf serum (FCS) of the culture medium was replaced by ACS and ACS + HA samples, respectively. Medium with FCS was used as a control. Cell viability and intra and extracellular procollagen type I concentrations were examined after two, six and 24 hours of incubation. Collagen I and TGF-ß1 were analyzed after 24 hours of incubation.
The clinical part consisted of three clinical studies with a total of 66 patients between the ages of 30 to 64. They received four injections of ACS or ACS + HA in the left and right side of the face with at least two weeks intervals. Efficacy was assessed by biophysical measurements over a time period of up to 48 weeks. Skin hydration was measured with the Corneometer®, skin firmness, recovery and elasticity with the Cutometer®, density and thickness via sonography, and skin topography via an optical digital 3D device (PRIMOS). Means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated. The in vivo trials were additionally statistically evaluated using the analysis of variance.
Results:Cell viability of human dermal fibroblasts increased with increasing incubation time for all incubated samples. Procollagen type I concentrations were measured in all samples without a noticeable increase over incubation time. TGF-ß1 was detected in all ACS and ACS + HA incubated cells but not in the control; collagen type I could not be detected in any of the probes. Data from 57 (nine dropouts) female patients were evaluated in total of the three clinical studies. All three studies showed steady to slightly increasing skin hydration values, all within the range of normal hydrated skin. The first ACS in vivo study showed a significant increase in skin firmness and skin recovery until the end of the study in week 24. Also, skin fatigue parameters decreased significantly. The parametersthat describe the elasticity of the skin showed the highest values in week 8. The second ACS in vivo study showed significant increase in all skin firmness, recovery and elasticity parameters until week 12; the final values in week 24 were comparable to the initial values at the beginning of the study.





