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Abstract: Understanding and analyzing the difference between transformational and transactional leadership is crucial in getting the whole concept of leadership theories in organizations. Transformational leadership is the most popular theory which has evolved from the elements of leadership such as traits, situational and transactional leadership that focuses on the role of organization and group performance. In transactional leadership, rewards and punishments are contingent upon the performance of the followers. On the other hand, transactional leadership makes clear that what is required and expected from their subordinates. If subordinates perform well, they receive reward. When they don't perform well, a punishment may apply. This method is not very often used in organizations In this research, first we have compared the transformational and transactional leadership theories and their applicability to the higher education institutions by integrating the characteristics of each model into the single instructor and having him to apply the assigned techniques to the class. Secondly, based on performance-productivity metrics and examination results, we have found that both transformational and transactional leadership techniques have their own strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, in this paper we proposed a hybrid approach which combines the best of each technique, which also provided better performance and productivity results. The findings are also deeply interpreted.
Keywords: transformational and transactional leaders, management of higher education, leadership
1. Introduction
Leadership is one of the most complex human behaviors. Psychological tests have been used to show what characteristics are most likely noted among successful leaders in organizations. Seeing different leadership characteristics enhance us to learn about the key traits of acknowledged leaders. They are also used for developmental purposes in order to support managers gain insight and develop their leadership skills. Thus, if one wants be a successful leader, he or she needs study more than one leadership model or theory so that the needs of leadership can be understood. Recognizing different leadership enable us to understand clearly, what leadership is, and what constitutes effective leadership (McMahon, 2010).
By definition, leadership is taking responsibilities and making choices on your own. It's not a responsibility that was thrust upon you by someone. An important part of leadership is to influence the people around you so that they can understand and value your expressions. However,...