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Eur J Appl Physiol (2012) 112:32053213 DOI 10.1007/s00421-011-2292-6
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
EVects of eccentric exercise on systemic concentrationsof pro- and anti-inXammatory cytokines and prostaglandin (E2): comparison between young and postmenopausal women
Miguel Soares Conceio Cleiton Augusto Libardi Felipe Romano Damas Nogueira Valria Bonganha Arthur Fernandes Gspari Mara Patrcia Traina Chacon-Mikahil Cludia Regina Cavaglieri Vera Aparecida Madruga
Received: 15 August 2011 / Accepted: 19 December 2011 / Published online: 7 January 2012 Springer-Verlag 2012
Abstract The present study aimed to analyze the magnitude of muscle damage and inXammatory responses induced by eccentric exercise in young (YW) and postmenopausal women (PMW). Seventeen healthy women (nine YW, 23.89 2.03 years; and eight PMW, 51.13
5.08 years) performed Wve sets of six maximal eccentric actions of the elbow Xexors. Changes in isometric strength, range of motion, muscle soreness, and upper-arm circumference were evaluated pre, post, 24, 48, and 72 h following eccentric exercise. Changes in creatine kinase activity, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-[afii9825] (TNF-[afii9825]), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured pre, 24, 48, and 72 h following eccentric exercise.
For intra and inter-group analysis, a two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied followed by a Tukeys post hoc test. Pearsons correlation was used to analyze the correlations between variables. It was observed no diVerences between groups for the markers of muscle damage, although signiWcant modiWcations (p < 0.05) occurred within groups throughout time for all variables. Post menopausal women showed signiWcantly higher values for TNF-[afii9825] (p < 0.05). Also, IL-6 presented superior pre value for
PMW. For YW, IL-6 and IL-10 values increased 72 h post-eccentric exercise compared to pre. Further, IL-10 was higher for YW than PMW 72 h post-eccentric exercise. SigniWcant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between age
and soreness, and between age and PGE2. In conclusion, YW do not have attenuated muscle damage compared to
PMW who do not make use of hormonal replacement therapy. In addition, YW have a greater anti-inXammatory response after eccentric exercise compared to PMW.
Keywords Eccentric actions Muscle damage Creatine kinase Postmenopausal women InXammation
Introduction
Eccentric exercise induces muscle damage, mainly in sedentary individuals, leading to reductions of muscle strength and range of motion (ROM), swelling and increase of creatine kinase (CK) activity (Clarkson and Hubal 2002; Ebbeling...