Abstracts of 5th International Congress Of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry: Poster Presentations

P1- The Relationship of Coping Skills and Mental Health with Attitude to Addiction in Adolescents

Ahmad Ashori1, Mojtaba Habibf *

1. Clinical Psychologist, Assistant Professor, University of Medical Sciences & Health Ser\>ices, Psychiatry Institute, Mental Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran

2. Health Psychologist, Assistant Professor, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran.

*Email: mo habibi&sbu. ac. ir

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of coping skills and mental health with attitude to addiction in adolescents.

Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 600 high school students (300 girls, 300 boys) selected by random cluster sampling from high schools in city of Shiraz. The subjects were assessed with COPE inventory, GHQ-28, and Attitude to Addiction Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients-test and multiple regression analysis.

Results: This study showed a significant difference between adolescents with high scores on GHQ (bad condition) and low scores on GHQ (better condition) in attitude to addiction. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the problem focused coping and negative attitude to addiction. Also, a significant negative correlation was found between non-effective coping skills and negative attitude to addiction. Regression analysis showed that non- effective coping skills are the best predictor of negative attitude to addiction.

Conclusion: Mental health and coping skills may have a direct relationship with attitude to addiction.

P2- Predicting Happiness of Students from out looking Hope of Teachers

Mitra Moslehi Jouvbari1 , Masoume Hosseinipour, Saeed Moslehi Jouvbari, Laie Langari, Firoze Raie

1. Corresponding author: MA in Educational Psychology from Sari Azad University.

Email: Mitra.moslehi&yahoo.com

Introduction: There is some evidence that out looking hope has a great role in well-being and having meaningful life. Happiness as an important component of psychology lias attracted the attention of psychologists in recent years. Objective: This research aimed to predict the happiness of the students from out looking hope of their teachers.

Methods: This was a correlation a 1 research performed on 381 female students in guidance schools of Ghaemshaher in 2011-2012. Among 45 girl schools from four main regions of the city, ten schools were randomly selected. In each school, 3 grades and in each grade according to the whole students of the class, some students filled Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. In each class, one of the teachers filled Snyder Hope Scale. Data were analyzed by Τ test and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis.

Results: The results of the analysis clearly showed that out looking hope of the teachers is correlated with happiness of the students.

Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that hope in teachers is an effective factor in predicting happiness of the students.

P3- Attachment Style, Self- Esteem and Anxiety: A Study of Gender Differences in Adolescence

Reza chalmeh1

1. Corresponding author: MA in educational psychology, Fars education administer, Shiraz, Iran

*Email: reza chalmeh&yahoo. com

Introduction: Anxiety disorders can be developed in adolescence period. Several factors such as attachment styles and self-esteem are implicated in these disorders.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of attachment style and self esteem on anxiety in male and female students.

Methods: Participants were 227 high school students (111 male, 116 female) selected by random cluster sampling in Shiraz, Iran. The mean age of the students was 17. They completed three self-report instruments: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1973), Self-Esteem Scale (Cooper Smith, 1981) and Attachment Style Scale (Ma & Huebner, 2008). To examine reliability of measures, Cronbach alpha coefficient, and to determine validity factor analysis method were used. Data analysis was constructed using multiple regression analysis.

Results: Multiple regression analysis in the male group indicated that mother attachment, peer attachment and general self-esteem could negatively predict students' anxiety. However, in the female group, peer attachment, general self-esteem family self-esteem, and academic self-esteem could negatively predict anxiety.

Conclusion: Results suggest that differences exist in attachment style and self-esteem of boys and girls. Therefore, providing training for adolescents and their parents about the effects of attachment styles and self- esteem on anxiety is recommended.

P4- The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence with Mental Health in High School Students

Javad Mohamadi1 , Mohamad Javad Bagviair, Mostafa Alikhani3

1. Corresponding author: M.A in clinical psychology, Pavant Noor University, Kermanshah, Iran

2. M.A in general psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabilv University, Ardabil, Iran

3. MA in general psychology, Razv University, Kermanshah, Iran

? Mail: javad. m60(a)gmail. com

Introduction: Mental health is considered an important component in quality of life of people in every society. Determining quality of life in any community is possible through assessing the mental health of people in that society. It is not an exaggeration to state that mental health depends on awareness of feelings and emotions, emotions of others, and the ability to control them.

Objectives: Mental health is a sense of balance in life and an ability to withstand problems; many factors are involved in determining the quality of mental health. In this study, we examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health in high school students.

Methods: This was a correlative study. The study population consisted of all male high school students in city of Kermanshah in 2011-12 school year. The sample consisted of 180 students selected through multistage cluster sampling. Data collection instruments included the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and the General Mental Health Questionnaire GHQ-28. The subjects were presented simultaneously. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for data analysis.

Results: The results of the study revealed a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health of students (r=./521, p=./..l) Thus, adolescents with high emotional intelligence may benefit from more favorable mental health.

Conclusion: Considering the impact of emotional intelligence in the psychological status of adolescents, those who are aware of their excitement are more skilled in managing their emotional problems. Therefore, we can promote quality of mental health in adolescents through training programs which promote awareness of emotions and management of healthy patterns of excitement and emotional control.

P5-· Comparison of Loneliness in Female Adolescents with and without a Father in Tabriz·

Jafar Bahadori Khosroshahi1 ' Zevnab Khanjani'

1. Master of Psychology, Department of Psychology,

2. Associate, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Faculty of Education and Psychology Tabriz University Education and Psychology, Tabriz University

Email: Jafar.b2010&yahoo.com

Introduction and Objective: The aim of this study was to compare loneliness in female adolescents with and without father in city of Tabriz.

Methods: The target population of this study was all female adolescents with and without a father in high schools of Tabriz in the academic year 2011-2012. The subjects were from different socioeconomic classes. The study sample included 60 female adolescents (30 with a father and 30 without a father) who were selected by stratified random sampling. The Asher, Renshav, Hayml loneliness Inventory were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by using independent Τ test.

Results: Results showed that there are differences between adolescent girls with and without a father in the variable of loneliness.

Conclusion: Adolescent girls without father have loneliness are high.

P6- Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Learning: A Review Study

Amir Reza Kamel Abbasi, (M.Sc.)1 , Hamidreza Aghamohammadivan Sharbaf, (Ph.D.)' SevedMahmoud Tabatabaei, (AID.)3, Hussein Karshki (Ph.D.) 4

1. Corresponding author: M.Sc. of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2. Full Professor of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad.

3. Full Professor of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences University, Mashhad.

4. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad.

* Email: abbasike&gmail. com

Although Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a relatively new construct, its attractive features have attracted the attention of many specialists. From the historical perspective, this construct can be traced back in the works of E.L. Thorndike, Gardner, Piaget, and others. The dominant approaches in EI are the ability approach (including Salovey & Mayer's theory) and the mixed approach (including Goleman's and Bar-on's theories). In recent decades, the relationship between EI is measured by many variables; most important of which is "learning". EI includes factors which can be developed by learning and teaching, and the EI, itself, can enhance and facilitate learning. In fact academic failure is one of the factors which threaten students. Research has shown that students with higher EI in terms of academic achievement and learning perform better than their peers, and most of weak students lack EI and its components. In this regard, the role of "Flow" in learning can be emphasized. In addition, EI has a considerable role in the prevention of social pathologies in adolescents. In this paper, the mentioned relations have been discussed in detail.

P7- Improvement of Children's Quality of Life vis- a-vis Family's Quality of Life: A Sociological Study

Dr. Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi1

1. Corresponding author. Professor of Sociology, Department of Social Science,Al-Zahra University, Tehran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Objective: The paper explores the relationship between the qualitative and quantitative dimensions of survival of children; how their needs have been secured in the past few decades; and how families have tackled them. The paper showed how children's quality of life as a multi-dimensional criterion is associated with physical, psychological and situational environment in which they live. Children are highly prone to family interactions. Due to the increasing needs of children (i.e. needs in addition to food, clothing and shelter), the modern times has brought about new needs contributing to improvement in quality of life. The paper examines the reciprocal impact of such variables.

Method of research: The present research has made use of both theoretical as well as empirical methods.

Findings: The present work indicates as to how children are affected by quality of life through the family system. Some domains of the family affecting children's quality of life include emotional well-being, health, physical environment, productivity, social well- being, daily family life, family interaction, financial well-being, parenting, and educational status of the family. Such criteria are used as a scale measuring family quality of life. These factors contribute to the socio- cultural, and promotion of quality of life within the family which eventually affect children's quality of life. Necessity to change the family characteristics, convergence within the family, and minimizing the gap between parents and children are some of the points which have been examined in this paper. Conclusion: Data derived from the research indicate how children are multi-dimensionally influenced by family life. Emotional well-being, situational factors, cultural factors as well as social factors of family impact children's quality of life in different ways.

P8- Relationship between Attachment Style and Optimism in Bu-Ali Sina University Students

Rasool kordnoghabi1, Galavizh Alizade2 , Mahnesar Hosiani3

1. Educational Psychology, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

2. Corresponding author: Educational Psychology, Master of Art, Department of Psychology, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

3. Educational psychology Student, Master of Art, Department of Psychology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

*Email: Galavizh. alizade@gmx. com

Introduction: Optimism can be defined as an individual's positive attitude to expect the best despite of all obstacles and hardships. Among the predictive factors of optimism, one can refer to attachment style. Emotional bond between the mother and the child and between the child and all those with whom he is in a constant contact is of prime importance for his psychological development. What an infant experiences with the baby sitter or other alternatives determines the infant's understandings of itself and those around it, to be extended, later on to its relations with others.

Objective: This study examines the relationship between attachment styles and optimism in students.

Materials and Methods: This study follows a descriptive - correlation method, and data were collected by survey. Instruments used in this research were Attachment Style Questionnaire, Hazn and Shaver (1987), and the Orientation of Life Questionnaire (2002). Pearson correlation test and Τ test were used for data analysis.

Results: Findings showed a significant difference between secure and insecure attachment style, but no significant difference was observed between girls and boys.

Conclusion: It is concluded that attachment style is related to optimism in students.

P9- Relationship between Adjustment and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescents

Z, Talaeian Zirak1

1. Master of science ofpsychometrics Email: [email protected]

Objective: The present study is the survey of the relationship between adjustment and emotional intelligence in adolescents.

Method: In this study, 400students (200 girls and 200 boys) were selected from guidance schools of Qom using multi-stage random sampling method. The following instruments were used for data collection: Shynha's Adjustment Questionnaires (AISS) and Shoot's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires, both of which were reliable and valid.

Result: Research results using the Pearson correlation coefficient and T-test showed a significant relation between adjustment and emotional intelligence ( p< 0.001, r = 0.377). No significant difference was observed between boys and girls in terms of adjustment (p <0.001). However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of emotional intelligence ( p> 0.05). Emotional intelligence of boys was slightly higher than girls.

Conclusion: The present study shows that increasing emotional intelligence through training in families and adolescents, not only affects in the relationships between individuals, but also result in more positive alteration in their behavior.

P10- Comparison of Psychological Disorders between University Students Who Do and Do not Masturbate

Galin Mahdinejad (MA.)1 .Ramazan Hasanzadeh (Ph. D.)~, Tahere Mirzavi(BA) 3

1. Educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University- Sari Branch,

2.Associate Prof, of Psychology Department, Islamic Azad University- Sari Branch, Iran

3. Bachelor of Educational Sciences

Introduction: Youths are sensitive to sexual affairs due to potential feeling for sexual act, aggravated sexual motivation curiosity on sexual issues, effort for determination of sex role, and high fear from results of sexual activity. This excessive activity which is twin with secretion of sex hormones will intensify adolescents' sexuality. If no legal ways are offered for sexual relief, it will possibly results in diversion. Sometimes sexual stimulation without sexual climax results in mental disorders and sexual deviations.

Objectives: This study compares psychological disorders between two groups of university students who did and did not masturbate.

Methods and Materials: Sample of this study included 100 engineering students of Gorgan Islamic Azad University (58 males and 42 females) who were selected randomly. The methodology was causal comparative, and the research tools were SCL90 questionnaires, and a 20-item gender questionnaire.

Result: The results showed no significant correlation between anxiety and depression and masturbation among male and female students. There was a significant correlation between anxiety and depression and masturbation among male students. In addition a significant correlation was observed between anxiety and depression and masturbation among female students. Psychological disorders (anxiety and depression) were different among male and female students, and there was no significant difference between male and female masturbation.

Conclusion: There was a relationship between psychological disorders and masturbation among the subjects.

Pll- The study of Relationship between Alexithymia with Anxiety, Depression and Self- esteem in Adolescents

Tahereh Golkari1, Hajar Salehi1

1. ?Ι? in General Psychology, University of Isfahan

* Email: taherhegolkari(alyahoo.com

Introduction: Adolescence is a period of developing emotional regulation. Alexithymia means disability in expressing emotions and is reported in a wide range of psychiatric disorders in adolescents.

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to study Alexithymia and its relationship with anxiety, depression and self- esteem in adolescents.

Method and material: In this study, 119 (55 girls and 64 boys) senior high school students in Shahinshahr were selected using cluster sampling. The subjects were assessed by Toronto Alexithymia and Beck Anxiety and Depression and Rosenberg self- esteem Scales. Data were analyzed by descriptive indices, Pearson's correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and regression analysis.

Results: Alexithymia showed a positive association with anxiety and depression and a negative association with self- esteem. Also, gender differences were significant and girls had higher Alexithymia score averages compared with boys (p<0/01).

Conclusion: The relationship of Alexithymia with anxiety, depression and self- esteem emphasizes its relationship with psychological vulnerability indicators in adolescents.

P12- An Analytical Study of the Relationship between Sleep and Temperament in Infants and Young Children

Elhame Mohsenian1 , Zahra Tabibi', Ali Mashhadt

1Corresponding author: MSc. Student, General Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Email: El_mo985&stu-mail. um. ac. ir

Introduction: Some studies have shown that sleep problems in early life is associated with child temperament so that children with difficult temperament have lower sleeping time during the night and have more sleep problems compared to easy children.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the results of those studies that investigated the factors influencing the development of sleep problems in infants and young children. It was also aimed to investigate the reciprocal relation between sleep problems and temperament in children.

Method: A library study and review of the literature was conducted.

Results: Results showed that many factors can cause sleep problems in infants and young children including sleep enviromnent, culture, age, gender, nutrition, physical, psychological and genetic problems, sleep- wake schedule of the child, parental psychopathology, quality and quantity of their sleep, family distress and so on. Results also demonstrated that children's temperament has a mutual relationship with sleep problems of infants and young children. Furthermore, the child's temperament may affect the quality and quantity of Iiis sleep, ability to regulate attention processing, and interactions.

Conclusion: There are different reasons for sleep problems of infants and young children. Therefore, services for this age group should be provided by a team of experts. Diagnosis and treatment of sleep problems in children may prevent some negative behavioral consequences.

P13- The Relationship between Infantile Attachment Styles and Identity Styles and Comparison of Gender Differences

Sara.Sobhani Nadri1 > Sepideh.Soltanmohammadlou'

L Corresponding Author: AI Sc. Student of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Psychiatry Institute. Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Iran

2. M.Sc. Student of Clinical Psychology. Tehran Psychiatry Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Iran.

*Email : sara.sobhani20(a)gmail.com

Introduction: Attachment is defined as a profound affective bond with special individuals. Mother-infant attaclunent is a primary need that has an important role in the personality and social development of any child. Identity is subjective and the psychological image of the self is unique for every individual.

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between attaclunent styles and identity styles, gender differences in these components and relationship between participants' age and identity styles.

Methods: Eighty undergraduate students of Tabriz university were selected by cluster-random sampling. Hazen and Shaver Attaclunent Inventory and Bennion- Adams Objective Measure of Identity Status (OMEIS- 2) were used for data collection. Pearson correlation coefficient and Independent group Τ test was used for data analysis.

Results: Research findings demonstrated a significant positive relationship between secure attaclunent style and achieved identity style (r=0/247, p<0/05), avoidant attaclunent style and diffused identity style (r=0/332, p<0/01), anxious attaclunent style and diffused identity style (r=0/352, p<0.01),anxious attaclunent style and moratorium identity style (r=0/249, p<0/05). Furthermore, a significant positive relationship was found between participants' age and identity style (r=0/272, p<0/05); and no significant relationship was observed between gender and attaclunent styles and identity styles.

Conclusion: Infantile attaclunent styles are good predictors for identity styles. With increase in age, the number of people with achieved identity style increases, and the number of people with identity diffusion decreases. The findings of this study were confirmed by previous studies. Contrary to earlier researches, significant relationship was not found between gender and attaclunent styles and identity styles.

P14- A survey on the Effect of Cartoon Movies on Improving Attention and Concentration in ADHD Children

Ali PouladeiReishehri1, AkbarPouladiRishsheri , Ebrahimsoleymani

1. Department of Psychology, Payamnooruniversity

*Email: alipoladei&yahoo. com

Objective: One of the characteristics of hyperactive children is inattention which in most cases is along with attention problems.

Objectives This research aims to evaluate the effect of watching cartoon films on improving attention and concentration of hyperactive children.

Method and Materials: The research was semi experimental. In this study, 8 children who had hyperactivity with inattention were evaluated, and randomly positioned in to two groups of experimental and control. Both groups were evaluated by ADHD Signs Check List. Then the experimental group received therapeutic intervention while the control group did not receive any intervention. Experimental intervention included cartoon films which each child watched alternatively for 4 hours. The age range of children was 4 to 6.

Results: Statistical findings revealed that watching the cartoons significantly increased the attention and concentration of children in the experimental group compared to the control group (pO.OOl).

Conclusion: It seems that the effects of computer games and cartoon films is more than hobbies and have extensive effects and consequences. The findings of the research imply the positive effect of cartoon films on increasing the attention and concentration of hyperactive children. However, one should interpret these findings carefully. Further, more evaluations about positive and negative effects of cartoon films seem necessary.

P15- Investigating the effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Intervention on the Quality of Life of Students

Narges Arabkhazaeli1 , FatemehBehzadfar2, Mina Najafi3

1. Corresponding Author: Psychology MA of AllamehTabatabayi University, Tehran, Iran.

2. Psychology MA of AllamehTabatabayi University, Tehran, Iran

3. Psychology MA of AllamehTabatabayi University, Tehran, Iran

Email:narges.khazaeli(a>gmail. com

Introduction: In the past two decades, quality of life has been one of the most important subjects for clinical studies. According to current views, quality of life is essentially subjective sense of well-being that includes physical, social, mental and spiritual dimensions. KabatZin proposes that stress is a factor that affects the person's quality of life on several levels. One of the mind-based methods that effects stress reduction is mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR).Mindfulness based stress reduction program is an 8-week programwith2-hour training sessions on a weekly basis in which the skills of body scan, yoga, sitting meditation are taught.

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness based stress reduction intervention on the quality of life of students at the high school level in the city of Sariinthe2010- 201 lacademic years.

Methods: Using the Cattell Anxiety Inventory, 30anxious students were selected and randomly divided in to two controlled and trial groups, with each group containing 15 students. Then, Quality of Life Questionnaire(SF-36)was completed by both groups. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program(Mbsr) was administered for the trial group in 2-hour sessions on a weekly basis for eight weeks. Then, the questionnaire was completed by both the control and trial groups. This study used a quasi-experimental an differential statistics for data analysis, and(analysis of covariance) was used.

Results: The results showed that the control group who did not receive mobs intervention (mean 1.023) had a lower quality of life compared with the experimental group (with an Avg 2.468).

Conclusion: The results showed that Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Intervention has an impact on quality of life of students.

P16- The Investigation of Mental Health Status in High School Students in Kurdistan Province

FARHAD ASGHAR11

1. Assistant Professor, Department of education, Faculty of literature and human science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Introduction: Mental health of adolescents is considered an important issue in all societies.

Goals: The main aim of this study was to assess mental health in high school students.

Method: Research method was causative - comparative and sampling was cluster. The sample group consisted of 635 male and female high school students in Kurdistan province in 2010-2011. We used GHQ-28 and Perceived Stress Scale for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaires was .90 and .66, respectively.

Results: The results showed that 55% of students were suspected to have mental illnesses; 64% of girls and 45% of boys were in this suspected group. Furthermore, 50% of high school students had a negative perception of stress higher than the mean (52% of girls and 48% of boys).

Conclusion: We can conclude that the mental health status in high school students was low and the degree of stress was high.

P17- Life Satisfaction in Adolescence: a cross- sectional study

Reza Chalmeh, Mustafa Meftah Fars Education Administer

Introduction: Adolescence, a transition from childhood to adulthood, is an important developmental phase in which growth, challenges and stress effect life satisfaction.

Objective: This cross-sectional study examines the effects of age and gender on adolescents' life satisfaction.

Methods: Three hundred sixty adolescents (180 boys, 180 girls, aged 12-17) participated in this school-based survey study. They completed the Life Satisfaction Scale. Effects of gender and age were analyzed using ANOVAs.

Results: Girls reported significantly lower life satisfaction compared to boys. In both genders ,there was a significant decrease in life satisfaction between 11 and 16 year old adolescents.

Conclusions: Decreasing life satisfaction has to be considered as a developmental phenomenon. Associations with the increasing prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation during adolescence are discussed. Life satisfaction should be considered a relevant aspect of adolescents' well-being and functioning.

P18- The Study of the Effects of Family Cohesion and Flexibility on Self Concept in Adolescents

Mohammad Ali Nikkerdar, Zahra Feridoni, Mohammad Ali Jafari

Introduction: Self-concept involves perceptions and attitudes a person holds about his/her self. Many variables such as family communication, peer relationship and social environment effect the development of self-concept.

Aim: The goal of this study was to determine the effects of family cohesion and flexibility on self- concept in male and female adolescents.

Method: The sample of this study included 521 high school and pre-university students (266 girls and 255 boys). The "Family Cohesion", "Family Flexibility" and "P.M.S.P.S" questionnaires were used in this research. The P.M.S.P.S questionnaire has four dimensions: Academic Self-Concept, Social Self- Concept, Athletic Self-Concept, and Evaluative Self- Concept. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.

Result: The results revealed a significant difference between male and female adolescents in total self- concept and athletic self-concept. Also, the results showed a positive significant relationship between all variables. Further, multiple regression analysis indicated that family cohesion and flexibility can positively predict self-concept and its dimensions.

Discussion: Results of this study revealed a significant relationship between family communication and self- concept in adolescence period.

P19- Prediction of Coping Style Stress according to Psychological Hardiness and Family Flexibility among High school Female Students

Elhambahadori

Department of psychology, Azad University of Arsanjan, Iran

*Email: bahadori. elham89(a)gmail. com

The main objective of the present research was to study the prediction of coping style stress according to psychological hardiness and family flexibility among high school female students. The population of this study included all female students studying at high school in Shiraz in 2011. Among all the high schools in education department of of Shiraz, one high school in each region was selected randomly through multi-stage cluster sampling. In each high school, one class in each grade was selected randomly. Therefore, 319 female students were studied during this research as the sample group. The instruments in this research were Endlerand Parker's Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory (AHI), and Shakeri's Positive Flexibility Inventory; all of which had acceptable validity and reliability for assessing the variables. The research hypotheses of the study were tested by Multiple Regression Analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, F-test and MANOVA. Findings suggested a significant positive relationship between psychological hardiness and emotion-oriented coping style (p<0.05,r=0.14) and avoidance-oriented coping style (p<0.01,r=0.42). Also, a significant positive relationship was found between family flexibility and avoidance-oriented coping style (p<0.05,r=0.12). Further, a significant positive relationship was observed between psychological hardiness and family flexibility (p<0.01, r=0.35). According to the results, psychological hardiness could predict emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping styles, while family flexibility could predict the problem-oriented coping style negatively. In addition it was found that students differed in avoidance- oriented coping styles. Among the grades, the third graders, second graders and finally first graders used this coping style, respectively. The findings also demonstrated that problem-oriented coping style, avoidance-oriented coping style, and emotion-oriented coping style were the most popular styles among the students, respectively.

P20- Investigating the Relationship between Personality Traits and Social Skills in High School Male Students in Shiraz

Leila Bahri,FaridehYousefi

1. M.A. in Educational Psychology, Shiraz University

2. Associate Prof in Educational Psychology, Shiraz University

Introduction: Social skills are generally viewed as being specific behaviors or activities that lead to desired social outcomes, including academic success in the classroom enviromnent, interpersonal success, social acceptance with peers and emotional adjustment. Inadequate social skills are linked to variety of psychiatric problems, externalizing problems (such as antisocial/aggressive behavior), and internalizing problems such as depression, social withdrawal, and anxiety. In order to have appropriate social skills and mental health in adolescence, the relevant effective variables must be identified so we can establish preventive programs to apply during childhood. Objectives: The aim of the current study is to explore the association of personality traits with social skills in male adolescents.

Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 171 junior and senior male students in high schools that were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. In order to assess personality traits and social skills, the participants filled out the Goldberg Personality Questionnaire, and its two subscales (the appropriate social skills, and relationship with peers) of the MESSY social skills scale.

Results: Analyzing of data using multiple regression method (stepwise) showed that only agreeableness was the best predictor of appropriate social skills; and the traits of emotional stability, conscientiousness, and extraversion were the best predictors of the male participants' relationship with their peers.

Conclusions: Some personality traits are important in evaluation of social skills and relationship with peers in a group of male high school students.

P21- Relationship between Dimension of Self- efficacy and Depression in Adolescent Girls in Mazandaran

Fatemeh Behzadfar1, Νarge s Arabkhazaelt, Mina Najaf3.

1. Corresponding author: M.! of Psychology, Iranian Applied Research Center for Public Health and Sustainable Development (1RCPHD), North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

2. MA of Psychology, Allameh Tabatabayi University, Tehran, Iran

3. MA of Psychology, Allameh Tabatabayi University, Tehran, Iran

Email: fatemehbehzadfar&yahoo. com

Introduction: In spite of significant increase in depression among teenage girls than boys( nearly twice), evidence shows that in addition to the potential biological issues, psychological pressures related to gender and defense mechanisms play an important role in causing depression among girls.

Objective : The aim of this research was to study the relationship between domains of self-efficacy (social, educational-physical and emotional) and depression in different stages of adolescence.

Methods: This was a descriptive and correlational study. The subjects in this study were 225 adolescent girls in Mazandaran. The Child Depression Inventory (CD I) (Kovacs, 1992), Children Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Muris,2002),and Physical Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Ryckman, et all. 1982) were used. Data were analyzed using liner regression and correlation.

Results: Based on the findings of this study, a negative correlation was found between general, social, educational, physical and emotional self-efficacy with depression. In addition, physical self-efficacy had an impact on depression in early and middle stages of adolescence period in girls. Further, it was found that educational self-efficacy had an impact on depression in all stages of adolescent period. Social self-efficacy did not have an impact on depression in adolescent girls, while emotional self-efficacy had an impact on depression in the early stage of female adolescence.

Conclusion: Dimension of self-efficacy lias a negative relationship with depression. Thus, increasing self- efficacy improves mental health of adolescent girls. The ways that adolescents increase their self-efficacy. Can help them to prevent mental disorders and increase their power of compatibility.

P22- Comparison of Creativity in Preschool Girls and Boys in Yazd

Ali Gafari Nodoushcm1 , Asghar Karamacf, Abolfazl Azadnia3 & Somaye Soltani Gerdefaramarzi4

1. Corresponding author: MA. Degree in Educational Psychology in Central Tehran Azad University.

2. M.A. Degree in General Psychology of Sistan & Baluchestan University

3. M.A. Degree in General Psychology of Isfahan University

4. M.A. Degree in Field of Consultation and Leadership of Mar\>dasht Islamic Azad University

*Email: as-karamad&hotmail. com

Introduction: Creativity is a process that keeps us dynamic, fresh, and active and enables us to use the available facilities for survival, growth, and improvement.

Targets: The aim of this research was to compare creativity in preschool children (boys and girls) in Yazd

Method: Two hundred preschool children (100 boys and 100 girls) with age range of 5- 6 years were selected by cluster random sampling based on Morgan table. Children's creativity was evaluated using "visual form ? of creativity thinking Torrance test".

Results: The results of this study demonstrated no significant difference between boys and girls in components of creativity (flowing, flexibility, initiative).

Conclusion: Creativity is considered as a perquisite. However, gender may be rather ineffective as the characteristics of cognitive processes in children of opposite sex have the same procedure.

P23- Mental Health of High School Students of Birjand in 2011

Zalira farajzadeh seved alireza saadatjoo, shahnaz tabiei ', najme arab, zakive asadi 3

1. Corresponding Author: MSc in Nursing management Instructor, faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of medical sciences. Birjand,Iran.

2. MSc in Nursing medical surgical Instructor, faculty of Nursing and m idwifery, Birjand University of medical sciences Birjand,Iran.

3. B.Sc. in nursing

Email: zfarajzadeh&yahoo. com

Introduction: Adolescence years are full of tension and very important because during this period body and mind are subject to substantial developments and increase in mental diseases and social damages. Adolescents are of the most sensitive groups and are the future makers in every country.

Objective: The present study was conducted aiming to determine the mental health status among students in order to provide a ground for compiling further interventions.

Methods: In the present descriptive-analytical study, 1067 high school students of Birjand were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and their mental health was assessed by the GHQ-28 Standard Questionnaire. In each dimension of mental health .scores lower than 6,7-10,11-18,and higher than 19 were considered normal .abnormal ,mild, moderate and severe respectively .As with total mental health .obtaining a score higher than 23 was regarded abnormal. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 15 software, descriptive tables, frequency distribution, and chi-squared test; p<=0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: Of 1067 studied students, the highest frequency belonged to boys (51.5%) and 16-year-old students (33.3%). As regards to mental health 51.9% of the subjects had abnormal status. The highest frequency in physical health dimension (25.8%), anxiety (24.9%) and social performance (38.1%) were mild, depression (17.7%) moderate to abnormal. In this study, a significant relationship was found between total mental health and gender, parents' level of education, place of residence and field education (pO.OOl). However, no significant relationship was observed between parents' occupation, level of education, and mental health.

Conclusion: Considering the result of the study, it is recommended that more attention be paid to the mental health among adolescents by activating student consulting centers and conducting comprehensive planning in order to provide services relevant to psychological therapy and counseling.

P24- A Comparative Study on the Prevalence of Emotional and Behavioral Symptoms in Children and Adolescents Born to Mothers with Schizophrenia and Those Born to Healthy Mothers

Saba Hasanvandi 1, Mahdi Valizadel, Faeze Mohammad esamail2

1. MSc in clinical psychology, Azad University of Ouchan, Iran,

2. Phisycian, Dargaz, Iran

*email: hasanvandi201 O&yahoo. com

Introduction: Mothers' role in mental health of children is very important. Also, close relationship between mothers and children can affect mental and physical health of children.

Objectives: Considering the role of mothers in development of mental disorders in children, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of psychotic mothers in the development of emotional and behavioral disorders in their children.

Method and Materials: The study has been implemented through available sampling, marking the checklists of emotional and behavioral disorders designed by the authors in two groups of children: those born to psychotic mothers and those born to healthy mothers. Thirty two mothers with psychotic disorders and 32 healthy mothers participated in the study. Data analysis was done by SPSS-18 software.

Results: The results indicated a statistically significant difference (P <0.01) between the two groups.

Conclusion: In this study, it was found that mental disorders of mothers, particularly psychotic disorders, have major impacts on the development of emotional and behavioral disorders in their children. Also, these results can help psychiatrists and psychologists in comprehension of children's disorders.

P25- Study of the Relation between Mental Health and Entrepreneurship among Male and Female High School Students in Isfahan

Mohamreza neyestani1*, Leila heshmatifar2, Davood mirzaifar3,Avda karimï

1. Professor of educational administration, Esfahan University, Esfahan, Iran.

2. Correspondent author: B.A, educational administration, Esfahan university, Esfahan, Iran.

3. MA, educational administration, Esfahan University, Esfahan, Iran.

Email address: Heshmatifar leila&yahoo.com

Each individual deals with difficult situations differently; and to be an entrepreneur, one should be equipped with a series of tools such as personality features and high intellectual capacity. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between mental health and entrepreneurship among high school students. The study sample was 130 high school students; of whom, 63 were males, and 67 female. The tools for data collection were the General Health Questionnaire, and Entrepreneurship Questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient 95/0). The general health questionnaire included four sub-scales: physical modeling; insomnia; anxiety; and severe depression. The entrepreneurship involves risk taking, creativity, self-control, seeking success and independence. Results showed a significant relationship between public health and entrepreneurship (P= 05/0). According to the results of multiple regression analysis on sub dimensions of entrepreneurial and general health only seeking success was significant.

P26- Relationship between Critical Thinking and Mental Heal thin Secondary School Students in Tehran

SanazAshkan (PhD student in Educational Psychology) EftekharHamidi (PhD student in General Psychology) fahimemoradipoladißLA in General Psychology)

Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between critical thinking and mental health in secondary school pupils in Tehran. Mental health is largely affected by the quality of intellectual skills.

Method: This was a descriptive correlational study with statistical population of high school students in Tehran in 2012. Among all high school students, 100 students ( 50males and 50 females) were selected through cluster sampling. Tools used in the study were the California Critical Thinking Inventory (Form B), and the Mental Health Inventory Goldberg and Hillier 28 questions. Data were analyzed based on Pearson correlation and multiple regression.

Result& Conclusion: The finding indicated a significant relationship between mental health variables and critical thinking among high school students.

P27- Survey of Social Support and Academic Self- efficiency with Academic Performance in High School Students

TaghiZa\n'ar, Rahmanrahimi, Mosenvosoogh ,Zahra feizolahi

*Email:Rahmanrahimi89&yahoo.com

Introduction: In this research, we studied the relation between social support and self-efficiency in academic year of 2011-2012 in high school students of Tabriz.

Methods: Using multi-stage cluster sampling, we selected 280 students(157girls;117Boys). Vax, Fillips, Holy, Tompson Eiliams and Stivarte's Questionnaire Form (1987) and Jeroselm and Schowarts's Questionnaire Form (1981) were used for social support and academic self-efficiency, respectively. Also, the average of the first semester was used for academic performance. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficients demonstrated significant relations between social support, academic self- sufficiency and academic performance. Moreover, regression analysis revealed that social support could predict the most variance of academic performance.

Results & conclusion: On the other hand, using Hotlling's t2, we showed that a significant difference existed between sexes in social support, academic self- sufficiency and academic performance, such that one variable analysis of independent t-test proved no significant difference existed between girls and boys.

P28- Survey of Social Support and Academic Motivation with Life Satisfaction in High School Students

Rahmanrahimi ,MohammadAzimi Mohammad pirani

*Email: Rahmanrahimi89@yahoo. com

Introduction: In this research, we studied the relation between social support and academic motivation with life satisfaction in high school students in Tabriz in academic year of 2011-2012.

Methods: Using multi-stage cluster sampling, we selected 280 students (175girls; 117 Boys). Vax, Fillips, Holy, Tompson, Eiliams and Stivarte's Questionnaire form (1987) and Piryagholi and Bahrami's questionnaire form (1995) were used to measure social support and academic motivation, respectively. Also, life satisfaction scale of Diner (SWLS) was used to measure life satisfaction.

Results & Conclusion: The results of cluster analysis demonstrated that girls and boys had two clusters based on research variables separately. Frequency of students in both clusters was observed based on sex. The results revealed a difference between boys (girls) of the first cluster and the boys (girls) of the second one.

P29- Comparing Identity Styles and Academic Adjustment with Academic Performance in High School Students

Rahamnrahimi1 ,MoosaPiri2,Javadmesrabadi2

1. MS.c Student of Academic Research of Azarbaijan University of ShahidMadani

2. Assistant Professor of Educational and Psychological Science of Azarbaijan University of ShahidMadani

*Email: rahmanrahimi89@yahoo. com

Introduction: In this research, we study the relation between identity styles and academic adjustment with academic performance in high school students of Tabriz in academic year of 2011-2012.

Methods: Using multi-stage cluster sampling, we selected 373 students(191girls;182Boys). Bernozki's Questionnaire form (1992) and Henry Bar's Questionnaire form (1949) were used to identity style and academic adjustment, respectively. Also, to measure academic performance, we used the average grade of the first semester.

Results & Conclusion: The Pearson's correlation coefficients showed significant relations between informative styles, normative identity, avoidance (diffuse) styles, commitment and academic adjustment. Regression analysis showed that academic adjustment could predict the largest variance of academic performance. In addition, analyzing Manova's multivariable variance, significant difference was observed between the academic course ,based on composition of scores of identity style, with academic adjustment.

P30- The Relationship between Working Memory and Visual-Spatial Processing with Fluid Intelligence in 6-11 Year Old Boys

Samira Rostami1, Ali Fathi Ashtiani2

1. Correspondent author: Master of Science in Clinical Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2. Ph.D. in Psychology, Professor, Behavioral Sciences Research Centre Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Email address: [email protected]

Introduction: The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between working memory and visual- spatial processing with fluid intelligence.

Method: Subjects were 158 primary schoolboys (6-11 years old) in Tehran who were assessed by Stanford- Binet Intelligence Test. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis.

Results: Findings showed a significant positive relationship between working memory, visual-spatial processing and fluid intelligence. The findings suggest that the increasing in fluid intelligence can be predicted by increase in working memory and visual-spatial processing.

Conclusion: Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to reason and solve new problems independently of previously acquired knowledge. Based on the findings, we can improve fluid intelligence by training working memory, and increasing visual-spatial abilities.

P31- Fear Investigation of Creativity and Social Maturity in Children who Sleep with a Doll

Samira Rostami1 *, Ali Soleimani2, Mehrzad Farahati3, Parisa Ghorbanzadeh4

1. Corresponding author: Master of Science in Clinical Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2. PhD in Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran

3. Master of Science in Clinical Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

4. Bachelor of Science in Clinical Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran

Email address: [email protected]

Introduction: The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between social maturity and creativity of children who sleep with a doll.

Method: Subjects were 120 children (60 girls and 60 boys) aged7-ll years who were selected via random sampling among three Cultural Complexes in Tehran, and were divided in to 2 groups (sleeping with a doll and sleeping without a doll). Data were collected through Abedi Creativity Test, and Vineland Social Maturity Scale.

Results: Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and independent t-test. Findings demonstrated a meaningful difference between social maturity and creativity (elaboration, flexibility and originality) of children who slept with a doll and the other group. Furthermore, children who slept with a doll had higher scores on creativity and social maturity than the other group.

Conclusion: Findings suggested that using relieving habits such as sleeping with doll have associations with creativity and social maturity.

P32- The Relationship between Mental Health and Psychological Well-being of Parents of 7-12 Year Old Normal and Border Town Children in Urmia

Mitra mohammadi1, mohammadamin sayadi1, Sorem Bahrami1, gona moloudf

1. M.Sc. in physical education, Urmia University

2. M.Sc. in psychology, Urmia University

Email: mitra.mohammadil364(a\vahoo. com

Objective: Providing health (physical, mental and social) of all people is a vital issue in each country. Lack of attention to mental health and psychological problems of families result in irreparable effects. One problem that causes the demise of mental energy and other mental abilities of familiesis the presence of mentally retarded children. Therefore, a series of psychological trainings should be provided for these families. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between mental health and psychological well-being of parents of 12-7 year old normal and borderline children in the city of Urmia.

Methodology: This was a descriptive-correlational study. The study population consisted of parents of 7- 12 year old normal students and parents of 7-12 year old students with borderline intelligence (through training) in Unnia.317 parents (164 parents of normal children and 153 parents of borderline children) were randomly selected. The Goldberg's Mental Health Questionnaire GHQ 28 (1979) with its subscales (showing physical signs of anxiety, social action and symptoms of depression) with reliability of 92/0, and ZanjaniTabasi's Questionnaire of Inventory of Psychological Well (1383) and Scales (1 ) autonomy; 2) personal growth; 3-4) positive relations with others - targeted life); 5 ) self-acceptance; 6 ) to dominate the enviromnent) with a reliability of 94/0 were used. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results: The results of Pearson correlation show a meaningful difference between mental health and psychological well-being among parents of children with normal and borderline intelligence. The significant levels between the normal group (000/0sig =) and the other group (001/0sig =) was less than 05/0.Therefore, the mental health and psychological well-being of parents with normal children had a direct relation with the borders. The T.test results also showed that both mental health and psychological well- being significantly differed between normal and borderline children(000/0sig =); and by observing the mean value (in both cases), it became clear that the score of health and psychological well-being was higher in parents of normal children.

Conclusion: According to results: Parents of boundary children have to passing a Training Course of to improve of the mental health and psychological well- being their children's, related sponsor training course will helpin this regard.

P33- Analyzing the Relationship between Mate Selection Methods and Emotional Maturity and Life-Orientation of Teenagers in Iran

Farzaneh Kordi Tamandani1, Saeideh Safari Hajat aghaie' ,Behzad Rigi Koteh 3

1. Correspondent author: MA student, Department of clinical Psychology, University of Ferdosi, Mashhad, 1R Iran

2. MA student, Department of clinical Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, 1R Iran

3. MA student, Department of clinical Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, 1R Iran

Email address:Farzaneh kordi55(a)yahoo. com

Introduction: Polygamy directly affects the family, especially teenagers.

Objectives: In this study, we compared polygamy and monogamy family structure in terms of its effects on emotional maturity and life-orientation of male and female teenagers.

Method: One hundred sixty male and female teenagers of 80 polygamy and 80 monogamy families aged 14-17 were selected in Zahedan. The subjects were matched based on such criteria as having teenager students and residency. Emotional maturity and life-orientation were measured using 48-question questionnaire of Yasliirosing and 10-question questionnaire of Sheer and Caro respectively. The present study is application in terms of objective; and regarding data collection, its survey and causal-comparative.

Results: To analyze the data, statistical method of Pearson correlation coefficient, multi-variable variance analysis test (Manova) and stepwise regression were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS17 software. The results showed that emotional maturity and life-orientation were negatively correlated with multiple mate selection method (P<0.000, r=0.49, r=0.56).Emotional maturity changes in girls than boys poly gamy family is more significant negative and For the boys and girls life-orientation in monogamous families did not show significant changes.

Conclusion: Based on the findings related to polygamy phenomenon it should be attempted to eradicate on- normative aspects of popularity of this type of mate selection in our country and prevent its adverse consequences.

P34- Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Students Entering Primary Schools in Rural Areas of Fars Province in 2011-2012

Mokhtari Azita1 *,Bakhshizadeh Rozita'.Saiadi Mehr ab3

1.2.3. Corresponding author: General Health Expert, master of Sciences in General Psychology, the Expert on adolescent, youth and schools health units, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Email address: azita_mokhtari@ yahoo.com

Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in students entering primary schools in rural areas of Fars province.

Methods: This study was a survey based on the existing data. The population included all the students entering primary schools in rural areas of Fars province with the population of 22010 in 2011. At first, 100% of the students were examined by general physicians. Based on the physicians' initial examination, those children who needed to be visited by an expert, were referred to the related specialists. Then, information about the referred students was compared with the specialists' feedback.

Results: The results revealed that based on the preliminary examination of mental disorders in these children, 1.87% of them had psychiatric disorders. Anxiety disorder had the highest rate in comparison to other disorders. No conduct disorder was identified among those children. The rate of anxiety disorders was more among female students. Positive predictive value of general medical examination results in anxiety disorders, mood disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, hyperactivity and attention deficit, epilepsy, and tick were 60.87 and 25 and 70.37 and38.63 and 80.95, and 33.3, respectively.

Conclusion: According to the positive predictive value of most examinations, it can be concluded that more instruction programs should be designed to increase the accuracy of general physicians' knowledge in diagnosis of patients and healthy students. Although the negative predictive value was not identified, it appeared to below.

P35- The role of Identity Styles in Students' Happiness

Mahmoud Najafy1*, Ali Mohammad Mohammadyfar2, Soulmaz Dabiri3

1. Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

3. PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Studies have shown that a relation exists between identity styles and happiness.

Objective: The main role of the current research was to investigate the identity styles in predicting happiness in high school students.

Methods: Two hundred fifty male and female students were selected from Semnan high schools using random cluster sampling. Berzonsky's Identity Style Inventory (1989) and Oxfords Happiness Scale (2002) were administered among the selected sample. One hundred eighty filled questionnaires were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient; and multiple regression analysis was run for data analysis.

Results: The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation among informational identity styles, normative identity style and happiness. Also, there was a significant negative correlation among confused identity style and happiness. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that among the identity styles, informational style was entered as a significant predictor, and it explained happiness variance.

Conclusion: The results of this study proved the important role of identity processing on happiness. However, identity processing and identity style should be taken in to account when considering adolescents' wellbeing and happiness.

P36- The role of Identity Styles in Students' Happiness

Mahmoud Najafy1*, Ali Mohammad Mohammadyfar Soulmaz Dabiri3

1. Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

3. PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

Email: Najafy2001ir@yahoo. com

Introduction: Studies have shown that a relation exists between identity styles and happiness.

Objective: The main role of the current research was to investigate the identity styles in predicting happiness in high school students.

Methods: Two hundred fifty male and female students were selected from Semnan high schools using random cluster sampling. Berzonsky's Identity Style Inventory (1989) and Oxfords Happiness Scale (2002) were administered among the selected sample. One hundred eighty filled questionnaires were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient; and multiple regression analysis was run for data analysis.

Results: The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation among informational identity styles, normative identity style and happiness. Also, there was a significant negative correlation among confused identity style and happiness. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that among the identity styles, informational style was entered as a significant predictor, and it explained happiness variance. Conclusion: The results of this study proved the important role of identity processing on happiness. However, identity processing and identity style should be taken in to account when considering adolescents' wellbeing and happiness.

P37- A comparison of Metacognitive Beliefs and Problem Solving in Orphan and Non-orphan Adolescents

Narges kheyrandish1 *, Bahrain Mirzaian2, Ramezan Hassanzadeh3

1. Corresponding author: General psychologist, M.A,Islamic Azad University Sari Bransh,Sari,Iran.

2. General psychologist, Ph.D, Islamic Azad University Sari Branch, Sari,Iran.

3. Clinical psychologist, Ph.D, Islamic Azad University Sari Branch, Sari,Iran.

Email:n. [email protected]

Introduction: Metacognitive beliefs refer to beliefs and opinions that people have about their thinking. These beliefs impact people's behaviors and excitements, their responding to thoughts, and self- regulatory.

Experienced events may cause psychological disorder beliefs, and form a series of learned maladaptive beliefs concerning thoughts and feelings which result in an unhealthy self-regulation. Whereas, problem solving refers to a range of cognitive- behavioral and emotional responses expressed in order to cope with internal and external challenges. Thus, disrupted and dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs can also disrupt the process of problem solving.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare metacognitive beliefs and problem solving skill in orphan and non-orphan Adolescents.

Methods: The research method was causal - comparative. Metacognitive Questionnaire and Problem Solving Questionnaire were used. Wells and Cartwright Hawton (2004) developed the metacognitive standardized questionnaire. This questionnaire includes 30 articles and measures 5 metacognitive components including positive anxiety beliefs, negative anxiety beliefs on risk and uncontrollability, cognitive reliability need to control thoughts, and cognitive self-awareness. The above scores of the questionnaire indicate that there are unsound metacognitive beliefs. Standardized Problem Solving Questionnaire was developed by Heppner and Peterson (1987). There are 35 articles in this questionnaire, and it measures three components including confidence to solve the problems, orientation- avoidance mode, and self-control. Content and form validity of the questionnaire was approved; Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate 0.72, 0.93 reliability coefficient. 0.72, 0.85 reliability coefficient of the problem solving questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha method. The studied statistical communities were 12-18 year old orphan adolescents of Mazandaran province selected based on peer to peer method. In this study, 41, 26 boys and 15 girls, orphan adolescents and 41 ,26 boys and 15 girls, non-orphan adolescents were selected by simple random sampling. Two statistical methods were used to analyze the data:

Results: The results showed that the mean of metacognitive beliefs was meaningfully different between the two groups . Moreover, all the mean components of metacognitive beliefs was also meaningfully different between the two groups. Further, the mean problem solution of metacognitive beliefs was meaningfully different in the two groups. Metacognitive beleifs and problem solution were meaningfully different between the two groups.

Conclusion: Hypotheses test results showed that unsound metacognitive belief of orphan subjects were more than those of non-orphan subjects. Also, all metacognitive components of orphan subjects were more compared to the other group.Problem solving of the orphan subjects were less than the non-orphan subjects; and problem solving samples of the orphan subjects were less than the non- orphan subjects. Moreover, increase in metacognitive beleifs and creation of unsound metacognitive beleifs le d to decrease in problem solving skill of both groups.

P38-Spiritual Intelligence and Happiness in Adolescents

Laleh Babanazari1, Parviz Askari2, Mahnaz Mehrabizade Honarmand3

1.PhD student, Department of Psychology , Science and Research Branch, Islamic A zad University, Khousetan-Iran

2. Associate professor, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz-Iran

3.Associate professor, Department of Psychology , Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz-Ira

*E-mail address: [email protected].

Introduction: Spiritual intelligence is a mental aptitude used by human beings to address and to find solutions to problems of meaning and value of life.

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and happiness in high school students.

Method and Materials: The research sample consisted of 221 high school students who completed the Spiritual Sensitivity Scale and General Health Questionnaire.

Results: The results of the study showed a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and happiness.

Results: The results of regression analysis showed that awareness sensing, mystery sensing, value sensing and community sensing significantly predicted happiness.

Conclusion: Spiritual intelligence can contribute to positive life out comes such as happiness in adolescents.

P39- The Relationship between Body Image and Personal / Family in Female Adolescents in Mashhad in 2011

Soheila Mohamadirizi1 , MasoumehKordi2

1. Corresponding author : Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

2. Faculty of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Email:[email protected]

Introduction: Adolescents face special problems which are less common during childhood. In this period, body image because of physical changes may be influence by several factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body image and personal / family factors in adolescent girls.

Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 high school girls in 7 regions of Mashhad with two-stage sampling (cluster - available). Subjects completed the Personal / Family and Body Image of Adolescent Girl's Standard Questionnaire. SPSS version 14 was used to conduct statistical tests such as independent t-student, one way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, correlations and linear regressions for data analysis.

Results: the results showed that the mean age, and BMI of students were 16.2 yr., 19.3 kg/m2, respectively. In addition to 88.6% moderate family income, 91.4% of mothers were unemployed; and94.6% had low education level. The mean (SD) of score of body image was 32.8 with range of 22-57. Of the subjects, 0.6% had poor body image, 66% moderate, and 33.3% well. Also, there was no significant correlation between body image and personal, family factors.

Conclusion: Body image of female adolescents in Mashhad is average, and no significant correlation was found between body image and personal, family factors among these adolescents.

P40- The Relationship between Depression, Anxiety and Mothers' Characteristics in Female Students in Mashhad in 2010- 2011

Soheila Mohamadirizi1 , MasoumehKordi2

1. Corresponding author: Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

2. Faculty of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Email:[email protected]

Introduction: Adolescence is a critical period of life with important psycho-physio-social changes .Since our society consists of mainly youths and adolescents, the mental health of this group is of special importance. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depression, anxiety and mothers' characteristics in female students.

Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 407 high school female students selected by two stage sampling method(cluster- convenience). After explaining the aim of the study to the subjects, they completed Demographic/Mother Characteristics and Depression, Anxiety Standard questionnaire (dass21). SPSS version 14 was used to conduct statistical tests such as independent t-student, ANOVA, correlations and linear regressions for data analysis.

Results: Of the students, 56.5% were 14-16 years old, 87.7% had moderate family income. Of the mothers, 94.8% had high education level and 5.3% low education level, 9.4% were employed and 90.6% were unemployed. The mean(SD) of the total score of depression and anxiety was 7.02(.02), 4.4(0.01) respectively. Also, 55.5% of mothers had depression symptoms, 54.3% anxiety symptom, and 21.7% had severe and very severe depression, and 24.3% had anxiety. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between depression, anxiety and age(p=0.004, r = 0.225; p=0.001, r = 0.332), while no significant correlation was found between night sleep and physical activity time.

Conclusion: Considering the high rate of the symptoms of mental disorders in the students, special attention should be paid to this issue, and consultation centers should be placed in schools to provide counseling services to students and parents.

P41- The Relationship between Depression, Anxiety and Life Style in Female Adolescents in Mashhad in 2010-2011

Soheila Mohamadirizi1 , MasoumehKordi2

1. Corresponding author: Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

2. Faculty of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Email: mohamadirizi @yahoo. com

Mental disorders in adolescence are associated with health problems in the community with other serious consequences, including impaired social relationships, poor school performance and physical illness. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depression, anxiety and life style in female students.

Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 407 high school female students selected by two stage sampling method(cluster- convenience). After being informed about the aim of the study, students completed the demographic/Family Characteristics, Depression, Anxiety Standard Questionnaire (dass21). SPSS version 14 was used to conduct statistical tests such as independent t-student, ANOVA, correlations and linear regressions for data analysis.

Results: The results revealed that 56.5% of students were 14-16(yr), 75% had daily sleep time of 2>hr, night sleep of 6>,36.6% had weekly physical activity and 87.7% had moderate socio-economic status. The mean(SD) of the total score of depression and anxiety was 7.02(.02), 4.4(0.01), respectively. Also, 21.7% had depression, and 24.3% had anxiety; of whom, 21.7% had severe and very severe depression and anxiety. There was no significant correlation between depression, anxiety and daily, night sleep and physical activity time.

Conclusion: Considering the results of the study and the percentage of upward mental disorders and unbalanced life style in female students, it is recommended that training classes be designed by counselors and school officials to promote a healthy lifestyle for adolescent girls and their parents.

P42- Meta-analysis of Mental Health and Perceived Social Support in Adolescents

Mohammad pirani1*, Mohammad bahrami2, mohammad azimi3, davodpirani4

1. Corresponding author: TarbiatMoallem University of Azarbaijan, M.A. educational Research.

2. Master of Educational Management

3. Master of Educational Research.

4. ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences BAStudent In Occupational Health.

*Email address: [email protected]

Background: One of the factors that influence adolescents' mental health is social support. Social support is the welfare, care, respect and dignity that a person receives from others. Perceived social support is the individual perception of love, support from family, friends and relatives.

Objective: Considering the importance and role of perceived support factors and their impact on adolescent's mental health, the present study has combined the results from different researches and assessed the overall effect size of perceived social support in mental health of adolescents.

Methods: Studies were evaluated using meta-analysis of 28,and effect size of 13. Studies used in this research were collected from different databases. After reviewing the input and output criteria, quantitative data from different studies were analyzed with software cma2. Research instrument was Czech List of Meta- analysis.

Results: Results showed that the obtained effect size Cohen's, effect size according to the interpretation of the relationship between mental health and perceived social support is significant .in other words, researchfindingssuggestthatmentalrelaxationandThecoh erentpsychologicaland practical, Decreasing trend in high-risk behavior is influenced.

P43- Evaluation of Relation between Marital Satisfaction and Mental Health in Married Men Residents of Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz

Forogh Riahi1 (M.D) ,Nilofar Khajeddin2 (M.D), sakinehizadi- Mazidi3,Mahrokh Dashti4

1. Child and adolescent psychiatrist, assistant Prof, of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Ahvaz, Iran

2. Corresponding author .'Psychiatrist, assistant Prof, of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

3. Clinical psychologist

4. Medical Student of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz

Introduction: People with mental health have more logical and satisfactory relations in the unmarried life.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between communication skills and marital satisfaction in married students of Clinical Psychology and Counseling Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz and Ahvaz University of Science Research and Technology.

Method and Materials: The sample of this study included 75married students of Clinical Psychology and Counseling, studying in Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University and Ahvaz University of Science Research and Technology who were selected by Convenience sampling. The mean and standard deviation (SD) age of the subjects were 27.33 and 6.31, respectively. Data were collected using Enrich Marital Satisfaction Inventory, and Queendom Communication Skills Inventory. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and Logistic regression (by SPSS 16 versions).

Results: There was a significant positive correlation between communication skills and its subscales with marital satisfaction.

Conclusion: This study revealed that improving communication skills leads to marital satisfaction improvement. Intervention in communication program can be used as an important factor in increasing spouse marital adjustment.

P44- Developmental Assets and Moral Identity: The Mediating Role of Self-regulation

Mahnazdehghan-hesar, Hosseinkareshki, ElaheHejazi

This study sought to determine the influence of developmental assets on moral identity as mediated by self -regulation in adolescents. Participants were 440 high school freshmen girls (M = 15/2, SD =0/68) in public schools. Students completed measures of developmental assets, moral identity and self- regulation.

The results showed that internal and external assets had indirect effect on internalization dimension of moral identity via self -regulation. Self-regulation played a meditating role in the impact of developmental assets on the symbolization dimension of moral identity. Self- regulation had a positive effect on internalization and symbolization dimensions of moral identity. These results may have implication to understand how to promote adolescents' moral identity by fostering their assets and self-regulation.

P45- Relationship between motor performance and Sustained Attention in 7-10 years old children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in comparing with normal children

Solmaz Soluki Fatemeh Behnia 2, Katayun Khushabi 3, Ebrahim Pishyareh 4, Samaneh Hosseinzadeh 3

1. Corresponding author: Department of Occupational Therapy, M.Sc. of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and R ehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran

2. Department of Occupational Therapy, M.Sc. of Occupational Therap, Academic member of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran

3. Department of Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist ( PhD), Assistant Professor of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4. Department of Occupational Therapy, PhD of Cognitive Neuroscientist, Academic member of University of Social Welfare andR ehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran

5. Department of Statistics, M.Sc. of Statistics, Academic member of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: [email protected]

Objective: The present study compares the relationship between motor performance, sustained attention and impulse control in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and normal children.

Methods: Twenty one boys with ADHD and 21 normal boys in the age range of 7- 10 years participated in this descriptive_ analytic study. Motor performance was evaluated using Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, and sustained attention and impulse control were determined using Continuous Performance Test.

Results: Data analyzed by T Test and Mann Whitney revealed a significant difference between ADHD group and normal group in gross, fine and battery motor performance and also in sustained attention and impulse control (PO.OOOl) .Analysis by Z Fisher test indicated no significant difference between correlation coefficient of inattention and gross motor performance in the two groups (P=0.276), but significant differences were observed between correlation coefficient of inattention and fine (PO.OOOl) and battery (PO.OOOl) motor performance . Correlation Coefficient impulsivity and gross (P=0.379), fine (P=0.92) and battery (P=0.562) motor performance displayed no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion: According to the study results, a relationship existed between sustained attention and impulse control and most of motor performance in both groups. Therefore, these findings help occupational therapists to determine rehabilitation priorities and to use exact strategies to enhance motor performance in children.

P46- The Relationship between Self - esteem and Scruple among Female High School Students

Tayebe Kashefi1 ,Seyedabolghasem seyedan2Nahide ghondory3

1. Corresponding Author : MS.c in Clinical Psychology, Medical college of TorbatHeydarieh

2.MS.c in Educational Psychology, Master in Payame Nor University

3. BA. in General Psychology, Payame Nor University of TorbatHeydarieh.

E-mail: [email protected]

Introduction: Self- esteem has a role in the quality of human behavior and action in all stages of life, and is very effective in physical and mental health. Low self - esteem causes a lot of mental disorders including: stress, depression and quarrel. Therefore, the present research was conducted to control the relation between self - esteem and scruple among female high school students.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and obsession in high school female students.

Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, 240 high school students of Torbat-e-heydarieh in 2006- 2007were selected in the way one phase race more sampling.

First among, these girl high school, some high school were chosen accidentally and in these chosen high school in each grade according to the number of the students. The numbers who were in need were chosen accidentally. For data collection, KoperEsmit Self- esteem Questionnaire, and Obsession Questionnaire (Madesly) (MOCI) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results: No meaningful relation was observed between the average and birth with self - esteem. However, the relation between the number of children in the family and grade of education was meaningful.

Conclusion: Students with low self - esteem face much danger like full in education. Raising self - esteem among senior high school students needs more attention from their parents and school authorities.

P47- Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Communication Patterns and Adjustment in Adolescents who Attempted Suicide

Iran Jalali1

1. Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht ,Iran

*Email:[email protected]

Introduction: This study examines the communication patterns, stress, anxiety, depression and adjustment of adolescents who attempted suicide and referred to a consultant in Shiraz. Methods: This was an observational case study including 120 individuals who had committed suicide (75 females and 45 males) as well as 120 individuals in the control group. The students were randomly selected from the population and some of their demographic variables were compared. Data were collected through the following questionnaires: Personal Characteristics, Family Communication Patterns (Kvyrnr and Patrick Fitzgerald, 2002), Emotional Problems DASS, and Resiliency (Connor and Davidson, 2003). Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using descriptive statistics such as T-test and chi-square test. Results: The results showed that suicidal individuals exhibit conformity-related communication patterns more than the controls. The individuals attempted suicide suffered from anxiety, depression and stress more while they showed less adjustability to their family. Speaking/listening communication patterns refer to situations in which the family encourages family members to participate freely and simply in dialogues about various topics, while the members interact with each other freely, continuously and spontaneously. This communication pattern was not observed in suicidal adolescents. Parental behavior plays an important role in mental health of adolescents. Seeking independence and growing into adulthood, adolescents need freedom of action, psychological and emotional support from their parents. Conventional freedom, proper communication, and supportive behaviors such as love will decrease stress, anxiety and depression, and increase adolescents' adjustment to their family, keeping them in balance, and radically decreasing the rate of suicide among them.

P48- The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Coping Strategies in Adolescents with Cancer

YasamanBanki1

1. MA.ClinicalPsychologist

Health psychology specifies a very significant role for coping strategies in physical and mental status. On the other hand, it seems there is a close relationship between individual's self-esteem and coping strategies.

Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and coping strategies in adolescents with cancer.

Subjects and Methods: A sample of 55 adolescents diagnosed with cancer was selected through convenient sampling from a number of cancer treatment centers and hospitals in Tehran, Isfahan, and Shiraz. Subjects completed "Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations" (CISS-21) and "Rosenberg self-esteem Questionnaire" as well as a demographic questionnaire. After completing the questionnaires by the participants, descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis.

Results: Results revealed a negative correlation between adolescents' self-esteem with emotion focused coping. Furthermore, no significant correlations was found between self-esteem with problem focused coping, avoidance coping, gender, adolescents' age, the age when diagnosis was made and duration of illness.

Conclusion: Diagnosing and treating cancer have several effects on individuals' mental and physical health and also on their social life. Considering this research finding, low self-esteem in adolescents afflicted with cancer is related to emotion focused coping strategies which is less efficient in counter with the disease. Therefore, the aim to enhancing usefully coping strategies (problem focused), it's necessary to compile and execute interventions that emphasis to expanding adolescent's self-esteem.

P49- The Relationship between Social Acceptance and Coping Strategies in High School Students

MitraMoslehiJouybari ,MaedeGhasem pour

1. Corresponding author: MA in educational psychology from Sari Azad University

Email: Mitra. moslehi@yahoo. com

Introduction: Adolescence is an important stage in life of any individual. Adolescents face with a set of obstacles and challenges in this period such as development and growth of identity and personality, independency, relationships and acceptance in peer groups. Using coping methods can help adolescents overcome physical, mental, and social problems as well as conflict in personal relationships.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social acceptance and coping strategies in high school students.

Methods: In this study, 368 students were selected randomly and filled out Crown and Marlowe Social Acceptance and Lazarus Coping Strategies Questionnaires. Data were analyzed by (T) test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results: The research findings revealed a significant relationship between social acceptance and problem- oriented coping strategies.

Conclusion: Overall, findings indicated a significant relationship between social acceptance and problem- oriented coping strategies and some of its subscales. Thus, it is recommended that school author it is provide appropriate training courses for adolescents to make them familiar with good communication skills and appropriate ways to cope with stressful situations.

P50-Investigation of Relationships between Self- efficacy and Self-esteem with Social Skills among Junior School Female Students in Isfahan

Nahid Motaabbed1, FaribaYazdkhasti1 ,Hamidreza Oreizi1

1. Department of Counseling, Education & Psychology Faculty, University of Isfahan, Isfahan Jran.

*Email: f.yazdkhasti (a> edu. ui. ac. ir,

adolescence is to develop social skills. Consequently, finding an effective method for evaluating and improving social skills is essential. Objective: This study examines the relationship between

self-efficacy and self-esteem with social skills among junior school female students in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: The research procedure was

correlational. Statistical population was all junior school female students in Isfahan. One hundred students were selected by cluster sampling method. The measurement tools for this study were Yazdkhasti Social Skills Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and General self-efficacy questionnaire. Results: The analysis showed a significant positive

relationship (p=0/048) between social skills and self- efficacy. Also, there was a significant positive relationship (p=0/022) between social skills and self- esteem. Furthermore, the relationship between self- esteem and self-efficacy was assessed with a variety of social skills. Conclusion: The present study revealed that social

skills are associated with self-efficacy and self-esteem. P51- The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion

Regulation on Thinking Styles and Mental Health Fateme Bahrami1 1. M.A. in Counseling, Faculty

of Psychology

and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University (IA U) of Marvdasht, Iran Email: [email protected] Objective: The purpose of the

present study

was to examine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation on thinking styles and mental health. Method:Agroupof200 senior high school students of Khormuj

were randomly selected based on multi-stage cluster sampling method. The three following questionnaires were used for data collection: Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Thinking Styles, and DAS (depression, anxiety and stress). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine and analyze the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation on thinking styles and emotional problems in the form of causal model. Results: Results of the analysis did not

suggest a mediating role for cognitive emotion regulation; however, it can be placed along with mental health. Furthermore, cognitive emotion regulation had a significant relationship with rumination and acceptance variables. Therefore, the above two variable shave a direct effect on mental health variable. Also, cognitive emotion regulation does not play a mediating role for thinking styles and mental health. Conclusion: In sum, through the two mediating

variables of rumination and acceptance, thinking styles variable had an indirect effect on mental health. P52- The Simple and Multiple Relationships between

Mythical Beliefs, Social Support and Self Concept with Subjective Weil-Being of Freshman Female High School Students in Ahvaz Amin Roustaei, MA1, Sara Saedi, MA 2

1. M.A in clinical psychology Department, Tonekabon

Branch , Islamic Azad University, Iran. 2. Corresponding author: M.A in general psychology

Department, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran. Email: sa. saedi @yahoo. com Introduction: Subjective

well-being is one of the

most important psychological needs as it has a major impact on shaping human character and human life. Objective: The aim of this research was

to study the simple and multiple relationships between mythical beliefs, social support and self-concept With subjective well-being of freshman female high school students in Ahvaz. Methods: Three hundred eighty freshmen female high

school students were selected based on multi-stage random sampling in Ahvaz. Jones Mythical beliefs Scale, Philips Social Support Scale, Rodgers Self Concept Scale and Wax Subjective Weil-Being Scale were used for data collection. This was a correlational study. Data were analyzed using person correlation factor and multivariable regression in meaningful level( PO.OOOl). Results: Meaningful simple and multiple relationships were

found between mythical beliefs, social support and self-concept with subjective well-being. Regression analysis showed that mythical beliefs, social Support and self-concept may be predicted with subjective well-Being. Conclusion: The findings of this study is

proposed, psychology and counseling centers, to increase the sense of mental well-being of the people, the nature of the components used in this study are enough attention. P53- The Comparison of Emotional Intelligence, Imposter

Syndrome, Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-being in Female and Male High School Students in Ahvaz Sara Saedi, M.A1 ,ParvezAsgari, Ph.D1 1. Corresponding

author: M.A in general psychology

Department, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran. 70 Health and psychological well-being of people

in every country of the

most basic problems that can be investigated and the predictive factors such as behaviors, attitudes, lifestyle and personality factors, it provided for its community. Objective: The aim of this research was to compare emotional intelligence,

imposter syndrome, self- efficacy and psychological well-being in female and male high school students of Ahvaz' Introduction: The most import and male high school students of Ahvaz'

Methods: The sample of this research contained 300 male and female students who were selected based on multi-stage random sampling in Ahvaz. Meyer salvi emotional intelligence Scale, Clance Imposter syndrome Scale,Oalandic General Self-Efficacy Scale and Ref psychological Well-being Scale were used for data collection.

Results: Data analysis based on Multi-Parameter variance method (Manovas) in a meaningful level( P<0.001) a significant difference was observed between female and male students of Ahvaz in emotional intelligence, imposter syndrome and psychological well-being. However,no significant difference was found between the female and male students in self-efficacy'

Conclusion: The findings of this study is proposed, psychology and counseling centers, provide health and psychological wellbeing of the people, the nature of the components used in this study are enough attention.

P54- Comparison of Child's Perception of Parent and Social Competence in Family with one and More Children

Mahbobeh alborzi,Ma nsoreh mehdi yar, Firozeh rahimi

Introduction: Children's social interaction with friends, family and social agents constitute an important part of children's relationships and world. The main factor in the success of this interaction was social skills and social competence and ability to solve social problems that lead to mental health.

Objectives: The purpose of the present research was to study the child's perception of parent and social competence in family with one and more children.

Method and materials: For the above purpose. 100 (male and female) students were selected as the sample. The instruments were Child Perception of Parental Questionnaire (Grounlik and Deci,1996), and Social Competence Questionnaire(Felner and et al ,1990).

Results: The results showed a significant difference between means of children's perception of mother favor of a single child. Social competence variable was not significantly different between the two groups. Also, there was a negative correlation between father's involvement and behavior in children.

Conclusion: The present study confirmed the interaction between parents' and children's behavior. The number of children in family effected children's perception of parents, and children's social competence .Finally, the findings of the study was discussed and suggestions presented.

P55- The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Academic Achievement among Adolescents

MaasoumehOmranian1 , Razieh Sheikholeslami2

1. Corresponding author:Dept. of Educational Psychology, college of Education and Ρ sychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

2. Dept. of Educational Psychology, college of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Email: sheslami@shirazu. ac. ir

Introduction: According to Bowlby (1969), attachment is a strong affectional tie that binds a person to an intimate companion. The quality of the early parent-infant attachment has lasting impacts on infant's development, relationships with others and success in life. Thus, it seems that attachment styles effect academic achievement.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between attachment styles (secure, avoidant, ambivalent) and academic achievement among adolescents. In addition, attachment styles and academic achievement were compared between males and females.

Methods: Four hundred high school students (210 female &190 male) were selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected by means of Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Sharp & et. al., 1998 cited in Gilbert & Irons, 2005). The students' grade point average (GPA) was an index of academic achievement. To analyze the data, multiple regression analysis and t- test were employed.

Results: Finding showed that secure attachment positively predicts academic achievement. Also, academic achievement was negatively predicted by ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles. According to independent t-test result, no significant differences were found between male and female adolescents in attachment styles and academic achievement.

Conclusion: Securely attached adolescents are more cognitively competent and are high achievers in academic fields, because they are curious, explore the environment, and do not avoid challenges (Sigelman& Rider, 2012)

P56- Descriptive Evaluation of Plan Effectiveness on the Mental Health of First and Second Grade Students in Babolsarfrom Parents' and Teachers' Point of View

Mahbobe Arefi1 ,Sedighe Kazempour2 *

L A member of scientific board of education science and psychology faculty ofShahid Beheshti University

2. Corresponding author: A master student at education science and psychology faculty of Shahid Beheshti University

*Email: [email protected]

The existing lacks and losses in the academic evaluation system of Iran as memory education and imposition of improper stress on students, presence of new findings in psychology, and educational science fields , new conditions and necessities pave the way for changes in the assessment system of Iran.

Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the descriptive evaluation plan effectiveness on the mental health of first and second grade students in Babolsar. Statistical society of this research includes all parents of 2192students and teachers of 130first and second grade students at elementary level in Babolsar. The sampling method was categorical random, and measuring instrument used in this research is researcher's questionnaire.

Methods: To analyze the data, descriptive statistics indexes such as frequency and computing mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics methods such as single sample t, independent t, and Friedman test were used.

Results: Results: Based on the results of the study, there is difference between parents' and teachers' point of view about descriptive evaluation plan effectiveness on the mental health.

Descriptive evaluation plan effectiveness has been evaluated in connection with decreasing anxiety and increasing creativity of students from teachers' point of view.

Descriptive evaluation plan effectiveness has been evaluated in dimension of decreasing anxiety and creating positive self-concept and increasing self- esteem from parents' point of view.

Conclusion: In general, the findings of this study indicated that the effect of descriptive evaluation on improvement of mental health was evaluated as positive from teachers' and parents' point of view.

P57-Comparison of Personality Dimensions in Left- handed and Right-handed Students

Behnaz Zaal1 *.MosaKafi·2

1Corresponding author: Walfare organization, South Khorasan

2 .Department of Psychology, Guilan University

Email: vanooshe 79@yahoo. com

Introduction: Studies show that there are differences between left-handed and right-handed individuals. Over the centuries ,left- handed children have always been under pressure from their parents and the society to use their right hand. A left handed child is always embarrassed and uncomfortable particularly when he is forced to use his right hand.

Objectives: This study compared the personality characteristics of left handed and right-handed students.

Method: Participants were 186 female high school students in Rasht who complete dEysenck Personality Questionnaire .

Results: Results did not show any significant differences between left handed and right-handed students in any of the clinical scales. The two groups were compared in their resistance in responses (L subscale).The left-handed students who scored higher in L subscale had a lower score in clinical subscales. Conclusion: As ((Satler)) stated, left-handed people have different position in society so their personality characteristics are different from that of the right- handed. However, nowadays, the social pressure to change handedness does not result in severe reactions. Particularly the higher pressure occurs in child hood. Adolescents and youths do not experience negative environment al pressures to change handedness.

P58- The Relationship between Negligence and Violence in Childhood with Delinquency in adolescence

Khosravi, sadrollah1, Khosravi maasome2, Khosravi hossein3

1. Assistant Professor, Depatment of Psychology , Firoozabad branch Islamic azad university firoozzabad, iran

2. M.A clinical psychology student/Islamic Azad University/ Fars science and research branch

3. MA criminal law and c riminology student Islamic azad university booshehr.

Abstract: different studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between misconduct in childhood and physical health in adolescence. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between negligence and violence in childhood with delinquency in adolescence.

Methodology: Two hundred delinquent adolescents were selected using availability sampling. They were given (CTQ),Brown Shtainand Finck questionnaire (2003) and went through a clinical interview.

results: The results of regression analysis revealed a significant and positive relationship between parents' misconduct in childhood with delinquency in adolescence (ρ < 0/05). Further, there was a direct relationship between a peaceful condition and delinquency (p < 0/05).

Conclusion: In this study ,it was found that parents' behavior has an important role in delinquent behavior of adolescents.

P59- Analyzing Psychological Health Status of Students of Technical and Vocational Schools in Ahvaz

Hoda Akhlaghi1, Shahnaz Amini2 , Soheila Amini3

1- Holder of Master's Degree in the field of Sport Management, Teacher of Physical Education at Ahvaz Educational Department, Ahvaz, Iran

2- Holder of Master's Degree in the field of Librarianship and Information, Instructor of Technical and Vocational School of Ahvaz (Girls branch), Ahvaz, Iran

3- Holder of Master's Degree in the field of Consultation, Instructor of Technical and V ocational School of Ahvaz (Girls branch), Ahvaz, Iran

*Email: amini [email protected]

Introduction: Achieving educational goals depends on general health of students and adolescents. Therefore, fundamental planning may promote physical and psychological health of students.

Objective: The present research studies the psychological health of female students of technical and vocational schools in city of Ahvaz during 2011- 2012. (1390-1391)

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional research under the title of "Analyzing Psychological Health of Students of Technical and Vocational schools in Ahvaz. Sample consisted of 156 students selected via classified random method. Furthermore, the standard Goldberg's general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to determine disordered students. The cut-point of 23 was used for the total grade of general health and the cut-point of 6 was used for each area. Data were analyzed by descriptive-deductive statistics using SPSS software.

Results: The obtained results demonstrated that only 23% of the studied students have psychological health.

Conclusion: Due to the high rate of psychic disorders in the studied students, the authorities should pay more attention to this issue and follow suitable strategies such as presenting consultation services to students and parents, and prevent and decrease psychic disorders. Conducting this research in all educational levels is recommended.

P60- Comparison of Frequency of Psychiatric Symptoms and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Major Thalassemia and Control Group

FatemehBehdani1 ' FatemehMoharari2, Badieekayrabadi3

1- Corresponding Author: Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Psychiatry and ? ehavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of Child and A dolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

3-MD, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Major Thalassemia is a chronic genetic disorder with signs and symptoms of severe chronic anemia. The effect of the disease on different psychological aspects and quality of life (QOL) is unknown in children and their parents view.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of psychiatric symptoms and quality of life in children and adolescents with major thalassemia and control group.

Methods: In a case control study, 60 children and adolescents with major thalassemia and 60 healthy subjects adjusted for age and sex were included after meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Psychiatric symptoms and quality of life were evaluated using the following questionnaires: SDQ, CDI, State Trait Anxiey and pedsQl inventory for both groups.

Results: QOL in view of children (p=0.001) and their parents (p=0.04) was significantly lower in those with thalassemia. Overall, children's' behavior in thalassemia group was significantly worse than control group (p<0.05). Depression (p=0.01) and anxiety traits (p=0.039) were significantly higher in thalassemia group. QOL in female patients was higher than males.

Conclusion: According to these findings, it could be concluded that thalassemia patients due to chronic disease and its complications, have lower QOL in comparison with healthy individuals, and depression is higher among them. These children are in low status according to behavioral status and need proper treatment and consultation along with thalassemia specific treatment.

P61- Play and Social Skills in Preschool Children When Interacting with Peers: A review article

Akram Mahmoudzadeh1 , Hamidreza Hassanabadi2, Reyhane Sheykhan3

1. M. A. Educational Psychology student, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

2. Department Of Educational Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

3. M. A. Clinical Psychology student, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

Email: mahmoudzadeh. akram@gmail. com

Introduction: Social skills cause social adjustment, social communication and its maintenance within the entire life. Also, social skills which are learnt within the earlier years have short-term and long-term effects. Several factors make an impact on social skills development in preschool period, such as communicating with peers. Children can acquire a wide range of social skills by playing with their peers.

Objective: This study reviews the role of playing in improving preschool children's social skills while interacting with their peers. In the first section of this article, the nature and the concept of social skills, social skills subtypes and the approaches relevant to social skills learning are dealt with. In the second section, playing, its different types as well as their effect on social skills are presented. In the third section, the peers' role in developing children's social skills is evaluated. In the fourth section, some solutions are proposed and the final section includes concluding remarks.

Procedure: Having determined the key words, the researcher referred to valid websites including science direct, Ebsco, and Octopus, and both the latest and the most valid references were selected.

Result: the preschool programs help children with a wide range of capabilities to handle the challenges they might face at school. Moreover, preschool years provide them with opportunities to intervene and consequently, to avoid incompatible behaviors and social behavior disorders in general. It also avoids formation or reinforcement of inappropriate characteristics which are fixed by aging.

P62- Relationship between Irrational Beliefs and Mental Health among Male and Female High School Students

Mohammad Ebrahim Madahi1 , Leyli Madah2

1. Corresponding Author: Shahed University, Department of Psychology, Tehran, Iran

2. Department of Psychology, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: The most common mental disorders in developing and developed countries are caused by the factors that are created by the humans. Many of these diseases are the result of irrational and wrong thoughts that have been mentioned by Allis in his theory. This study is conducted to show whether there is a relationship between mental health and irrational beliefs among adolescents. Is there a relationship between male and female adolescents' mental health? Is there a relationship between male and female students' irrational beliefs? Do people who scored higher in irrational beliefs are more impaired in their social function? Is there a relationship between irrational beliefs and physical symptoms?

Materials and Methods: The statistical community of the study includes all male and female high school students of Kouhdasht in the academic year 2009-2010 . Available random sampling method was used in this study in which 100 male students and 100 female students were participated. The study instruments were Mental Health Questionnaire and Jones's Irrational Health Questionnaire. The statistical methods used in this study were Τ test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient.

Results: According to hypothesis one indicating the relationship between mental health and irrational beliefs, it has been confirmed that this relationship is negative. It has also been confirmed that there is a difference between male and female students in irrational beliefs. Further, although a significant difference was observed between male and female students' mental health, this difference was not significant in the social functioning scale. Also, a significant relationship was observed between irrational beliefs and physical symptoms.

Conclusion: In examining the relationship between irrational beliefs and mental health, it may be gathered that the more people have irrational beliefs, the less they are mentally healthy. In fact, people who rely on irrational beliefs in the analysis of problems are less able to solve problems and tolerate more mental stress; and this could endanger people's mental health.

P63- An assessment of the Emotional Intelligence and the Five Components of Personality in Normal and Gifted Female Students in Isfahan

FarnoushKavianpour, Ali Raki, Ahmad Yarmohammadian

The present study aims to investigate and compare emotional intelligence and the five components of personality in normal and gifted female students of secondary schools in Isfahan. Of all the female students, 75 normal and 75 gifted female students were selected using simple random and multiple cluster random sampling methods. The participants were given Faren heim Emotional Intelligence and Neo 5 Personality Component Questionnaires. Data analysis was done through multiple variance analysis. The findings of the study indicated no significant difference between neuroticism and conscientiousness in normal and gifted groups. Also, a significant difference was found between other personality traits like extroversion, openness and agreeableness on the one hand and between understanding of self and others' feelings, controlling feelings and social skills (except for optimism) among emotional intelligence characteristics on the other. Based on the results of the study, gifted girls seemed to have greater extroversion, openness, agreeableness and emotional intelligence compared to their normal peers.

P64- The Relationship between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Styles and Mental Health in Adolescents

Tahereh Golkari1,Hajar Salehi1

l.MA in General Psychology, University of Isfahan

* Email: [email protected]. com

Introduction: Emotion regulation concerns how people mange emotional experience for personal and social purposes. It is a complex and multifaceted process, and is developmentally important because it is central to social competence, psychological wellbeing, and risk for affective psychopathology.

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to study the cognitive emotion regulation style and its relationship with mental health in adolescents.

Method and Material: In this study, 119(55 girls and 64 boys) high school senior students in shahinshar were selected using cluster sampling, and assessed by Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression analysis. Results: The result indicated a significant relation between cognitive emotion regulation styles and mental health(P<.05).Catastrophizing and blaming others styles belonged to maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation, and positive refocusing |and positive reappraisal styles belonged to adaptive cognitive emotion regulation which were significant predictors of mental health.

removal of non-effective styles and teaching effective styles of cognitive emotion regulation should be taken in account to as part of behavioral interventions in adolescents. P65- Comparing Different Aspects of Behavior and

Personality Traits in Abused and Normal Female High School Students NematMohammadipoor Rik1 , Mohammad Hossein Ghasemi' 1.

Corresponding Author:Msc in clinical psychology, school

counselor in education, Guilan, Iran. 2. M.Sc. in counseling and guidance, school

counselor in education, Guil an, Iran. Iranian J Psychiatry 7:4, Fall 2012 Introduction:

Child abuse and neglect

are the most common and most complex mental health problems in today's societies. Objective: This study compared behavioral

and personality problems in abused and normal female adolescents. Methods: This was an ex-post

facto analysis. The study sample included all public high school female students who were enrolled in high schools for 2009 2010academic year. The subjects were selected using multi-stageclustersampling2009-2010.Initially,the students were screened using Mohammad Khani and Iiis colleagues' Child Abuse Questionnaire, and those with high scores on this questionnaire (62above) were considered as abused. Of them.25 were randomly selected as a group of abused adolescents ,and 25students whose scores were below20 were selected as a normal group. The two groups were matched in terms of demographic characteristics. All Patrice pants responded to the 6 choice scales of Million Second Personality Inventory. Results: The results demonstrated a

significant difference between the two groups (P <./.5)in five features of anti-social behavior, aggression passive- aggressive, drug dependency and alcohol dependency. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in the characteristics of compulsions. Conclusions: The results of the

study suggest that abused and normal adolescents significantly differed from one another in the different aspects of behavior and personality characteristics. This difference may be due to the abused adolescents' emotional injuries or because of their family function. Future studies are recommended to further elaborate on the problems of abused children and adolescents. P66- Relationship between Internalizing and

Externalizing Behavioral Disorders with Verbal and Nonverbal Learning Difficulties among Primary School Male Students Hoseinpoor Khaghani1, Mir Nasab1, Vahedi1

1. Master of psychology, Dep.

Of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran *Email: khaghani59(a\gmail. com Objective: The

present research was

conducted to study the relationship between internalizing and externalizing behavioral disorders with verbal and nonverbal learning difficulties among male students. Methods: Research sample was 382

students who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling from Tabriz primary schools. Achenbach Questionnaire, Teacher Form and Students Screening Questionnaire with Specific Learning Difficulties were used to collect data. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used. The results showed that all variables were significant at the 0/01 level with a significant and meaningful correlation and relationship between them. In addition to predict verbal and non-verbal learning problems from internal and external behavioral disorders, multiple regressions were used. Results & Conclusion: The results

showed that internal and external disturbances are good predictors for all the verbal and non-verbal learning problems. This explain how much the variables of (anxiety, depression, reserved, physical complaints, and aggressive) behavior increase the difficulty of learning, reading, math and even writing. Findings could be done, and all teachers involved in education and all the people who deal with students whole is tentoring tones to participate in various workshops to identify areas of further problems ahead and find way so improve it. P67- The Relationship between Demographic

Variables and Self-concept and Adaptation on Elementary School Students AlirezaHa\>ayi,NajmeAbedishargh *Email: havayireza&Gmai 1. com

Objective:

Researches show that young

boys and girls significantly differ in self-concept and adjustment (Milgram and Milgram, 1972, Jakson and et al, 1996 and Foldman, 1996). This study investigated the relationship between demographic variables (gender, father's education, mother's education and birth order), self-concept and adjustment in elementary school students of Nishabur. Method: Participants were elementary school

students (N= 100) who completed the Beck's Self-concept and Compatibility Students Inventory. Data were analyzed using independent t test and correlation. Results: The results revealed that

significant differences exist in self-concept between boys and girls. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in adjustment. Also, the correlation test results showed that birth order was related to self-concept in male students. Further, a significant relation was observed between self-concept and adjustment in boys. Conclusions: The findings Abstracts of 5th International Cong showed that there are structural differences between girls and boys in adjustment and self-concept, but this difference is only significant in self-concept variable.

P68- The Relationship between Attributive Styles and Self-esteem of Students in the Secondary Schools

SoudehAghamohammadi1

1. MA Student in Clinical Psychology, ShahidBeheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Objective: If children do not make an effort to promote their spiritual growth and do not obtain the main elements of success in life, they will turn into complaining, dissatisfied and confirmation seeking people who attribute all the failures to others and to the world. Research has shown that these factors that have been introduced as attributive style are influenced by notions such as self-esteem and other parameters in this field. Therefore, the present study sought to examine the relationship between secondary school students' self-esteem, and attributive styles.

Methods: The statistical population was all female secondary school students in region 2 of Tehran; among whom, 89 students were selected as the study sample by cluster random method. To measure attributive styles, the Seligman and Colleagues Questionnaire (1987) for children's attributive styles was used, and also to measure self-esteem and to test research hypotheses, Children's Self-respect Questionnaire designed by Pope was used.

Results: Results revealed a significant relationship between high self-esteem and perpetual good look at events, personalization of good events, optimism and believing in pervasiveness of good events in the students. Also, a significant relationship was observed between low self-esteem and believing in pervasiveness of bad events, low self-esteem and frustration in the face of bad events in students. Finally, it was found that no significant relationship existed between the levels of self-esteem and pessimism in students.

P69- Psychological Disorders of Children and Adolescents: Parent Report Form of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

Introduction: It is essential to gain knowledge about frequency of child and adolescent psychological disorders to prevent and treat them effectively. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the frequency and distribution of child and adolescent psychological disorders in our country (Iran).

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of psychological disorders in children and adolescents of Tehran, Isfahan, Fars, Khorasan Razavi and East Azarbaijan provinces.

Materials and Methods: In a descriptive - analytical, community based study, 9636 children aged 6-11 years and adolescents aged 12-17 years were selected by multistage cluster sampling method from Tehran, Isfahan, Fars, Khorasan Razavi and East Azarbaijan provinces. The subjects were evaluated by the parent report form of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which assessed emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer and social problems and total difficulties.

Results: The results of the study were 21.43% emotional problems, 32.99% conduct problem, 20.09% hyperactivity, 25.63% peer problem, 7.66% social problems and 24.55% total difficulties in the parent- reported form of SDQ.

Frequencies of conduct problem, hyperactivity and social problems in boys were higher than girls in the parent-reported form of SDQ. In contrast, frequencies of emotional problems in girls were higher than boys. Furthermore, frequencies of the observed disorders in Fars province were also higher than other provinces. Moreover, frequencies of psychological problems were correlated to parent education and occupation.

Conclusion: The frequencies of child and adolescent psychological disorders in five provinces were higher than most of the previous studies. More specific studies should be conducted to evaluate the exact frequency of such disorders and the possible etiologies.

P70- The Role of Attachment Styles in Prediction of Students' Loneliness

Mahmoud Najajy1*, Ali Mohammad Mohammadyfar2', Soulmaz Dabiri3

1. Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

3. PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

Email: Najajy2001ir@yahoo. com

Introduction: Numerous studies have confirmed that attachment style is an important factor in prediction of loneliness.

Objective: The aim of the current research was to determine the role of attachment styles in prediction of students' loneliness.

Methods: This was a descriptive- correlational study. Three hundred students from 5 regions of Tehran were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. Hazen & Shaver Attachment Styles Scale, and Dehshiris' Loneliness Feeling Questionnaire were administrated among the selected sample. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used.

Results: The results revealed a significant positive correlation among secured attachment style and loneliness felling. However, there was a significant negative correlation among avoidant unsecured attachment styles. Moreover, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that secured attachment style was the first significant positive predictor of loneliness. Avoidance unsecured attachment style was the second significant negative predictor of loneliness. The two variables explained 15% of loneliness feeling variance.

Conclusion: The negative effects of this factor on interpersonal relationships of students in the future, and reducing its traumatic consequences should be of a prime concern of education and health authorities. However, increasing awareness and providing training to families on child-parent relationship is of importance. The results of this study further demonstrated the important role of attachment style in prediction of loneliness. Education authorities and counselors can use these implications.

P71- The Relationship between Career Adaptability and Flexibility, Creativity, Risk-Taking, Enthusiasm with Negative Emotions among Elementary School Girls in Isfahan

Samaneh Moein1, Mohammad Reza.Abedi2, Iran Baghban2

1. Corresponding author: Student of Career Counseling MA, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, University of Isfahan

2. PhD of Counseling, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

*Email: samaneh. moein@yahoo. com

Introduction: Based on the theory of career development, childhood indicate the dawn of vocational development, involving developmental tasks, transitions, and change. Children must acquire the rudiments of career adaptability to predict the future, make educational and vocational decisions, explore self and occupations, and problem solving. Children must obtain an array of experiences that promote foundational attitudes, beliefs, and competencies. These attitudes, beliefs, and competencies represent core dimensions of career adaptability.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship and predict ability flexibility, creativity, risk taking, enthusiasm, and negative emotions associated with career adaptability of elementary school girls in Isfahan.

Methods: In order to conduct this study, 155 elementary school girls of 3rd, 4th and 5th grade were selected with random multistage cluster sampling, and their parents completed Children Career Adaptability Questionnaire (Etesampour, 2011) and questions of self-evaluation related to children that was designed based on a rating range from 0 to 100. Data were investigated using descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression analysis in SPSS version 17.

Results: The findings of this study suggest that children's career adaptability was positively and significantly (with ? = 0.05) related to Flexibility, Creativity, Risk-Taking, Enthusiasm. Career adaptability also had a negative relationship with negative emotions expressed by children. Regression analysis of variables based on flexibility, creativity, risk taking, enthusiasm, and negative emotions with children accounted for 51% of the adaptability of their career.

Conclusion: Given that the importance of formation and growth of career adaptability in childhood is essential for a meaningful, successful and dynamic life in today's changing world, knowledge of rudiments related to it could help us to facilitate career development, and psychosocial welfare of our children. Regarding the relationship between variables of flexibility, creativity, risk taking, and enthusiasm with negative emotions in children with career adaptability, and predicting their ability for adaptability, intervention research in this area may be useful.

P72- The Relationship between Family Functioning and Perfectionism in Adolescents

Mehrzad Farahati1 , Ali Soleymani2, SheidaSharifi Saki3

1. Corresponding author : MA in Psychology of Family Therapy, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.

2. PhD Student, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.

3. MA Student, University of OlomTahghighat, Shiraz, Iran.

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Communication between family members and also the ways of expressing emotions in families are different; these factors have an important role in shaping the personality characteristics of adolescents.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family functioning with positive and negative perfectionism in adolescents.

Methods: One hundred eighty high school students (110 girls, 70 boys) were selected by cluster sampling method in the second region of Tehran. Participates completed Family Assessment Device and Perfectionism Scale. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used for data analysis.

Results: Results revealed a significant positive relationship between family functioning and its three subscales (roles, problem solving, and affection express) with positive perfectionism. Results also indicated a significant negative relationship between family functioning and the three subscales with negative perfectionism.

Conclusion: Results of this study revealed that positive perfectionism develops in efficient family environment, but ineffective family can be a context for developing negative perfectionism in adolescents.

P73- The Relation of Emotional Intelligence with Social Skills and Academic Achievement in Adolescents Studying in Tabriz High schools in 2011

Famaz Rahm anil *, ZamaniHamideh2,Sosan Valizadeh3, Rahmani Forzad4

1 Corresponding Author: Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, R azi Psychiatric Center of Tabriz, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Clinical Psychologist, Razi Psychiatric Center of Tabriz, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Pediatric Nursing Department, Tabriz Nursing and M idwifery School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

4 Specialist in Emergency Medicine, EmamReza Hospital of Tabriz, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Email: frahmani(a),tbzmed. ac. ir

Introduction: Emotional competencies are thought to be important for social interaction and academic achievement as emotions serve communicative and social functions, conveying information about people's thoughts and intentions and coordinating social encounters.

Objective: The present study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and social skills and academic achievement of adolescents studying in Tabriz high schools.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study with multistage cluster sampling of 580 adolescents studying in Tabriz high schools. Questionnaires used in this study were the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Maison Social Skills and Academic Competence Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.

Results: The results showed that emotional intelligence was significantly related to academic achievement and social skills. However, the relation between social skills and academic achievement was not significant. In order to determine the effect of emotional intelligence and social skills in prediction of academic achievement, step by step regression analysis was done. The results showed that emotional intelligence had the most effect on adolescents' academic achievement.

Conclusion: The findings indicated that emotional intelligence lias a significant role in enhancing adolescents' social skills and academic achievement. Findings also indicated the importance of developing emotional intelligence training programs for parents by mental health professionals.

P74- A Survey on the Effect of Peer (12-18 Years Old) Teenagers' Relationships on Fashion Seeking Behavior

Hakimeh Abrakht1 , Elham Seidali'

1. Corresponding author : Senior social worker '.\f.! in Social Work), Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

2. Research Deputy, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

*Email: abrakht_3 77(a\vahoo. com

Introduction: One of the most important reference groups for teenagers is the same age and friends. In adolescence, a friendship group plays an important role in seeking models and shaping personality.

Objective: Assessing and understanding the impact of peer relationships in adolescents' social behavior and providing scientific solutions are the aims of this study.

Methods :Tliis is a descriptive - analytical study. The sample was 400 students with age range of 12 to 18 in Bushehr who were selected randomly and according to availability. Data collection tool was a questionnaire containing questions about the opinions of peer influence on fashion seeking behavior. The answers were designed based on Likert scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.

Results: In this study, 68% of the sample consulted their peers when making decisions, and 62 % changed their decision due to influence of their friends. In this study, we found a significant relationship between fashion seeking attitudes in adolescents and impact of peers.

Conclusion :Peers provide possibility of learning, social skills, behavior management, personality growth identity and independency. Considering that peers have an important role in adolescents' behavior, middle and micro level planning is important. Strengthening school groups such as associations and student councils and family training are very important in shaping effective communication between indiiduals.

P75- Studying the Relationship between Schema Mode and Emotion Regulation Strategies in Pre- school Children

Sepideh Memarian1' , Mahnaz Ghiasi'

1. Corresponding author: MA in Clinical Psychology, Department of Educational and Psychology, Ferdowsi Univercity, Mash had, Iran

2. PhD Candidate in Psychology, Department of Educational and Ρ sychologv, AlzahraUnivercitv, Teharan, Iran.

*Email: Sepideh Memaryan&yahoo. com

Introduction: One of the issues raised in the schema therapy of Jeffrey Young theory is schema mode. Mode refers to adaptive or maladaptive schémas which is currently active in the individual's mind and can affect Iiis relationships with people and children. One of the side effects of a maladaptive schema mode in an individual is for Iiis children as these individuals have difficulties using appropriate strategies in regulating and controlling their emotions.

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between schema mode and emotion regulation strategies of pre-school children.

Methods: The sample population was 185 pre-school children with age range of 4-6 years (M= 5/35, SD= 0/67) and their parents with age range of 25-53 years (M= 34/96, SD= 6/32) in Semnan(Iran) who were selected by simple randomly cluster sampling method. Tools used to collect data were Schema Mode Inventory, and Regulation- Coping Strategies Questionnaire.

Results: Using SPSS 18, data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis with Stepwise Method. Results revealed that Schema modes of parents including healthy adults, impulsive child, compliant surrender, and punitive parents were the significant predictors of emotion regulation strategies in their pre- school children (P<0/05).

Conclusion: Because schema modes can act as a maladaptive coping style, people with the maladaptive coping styles cannot guide their children toward effective strategies. Thus, issues like culture, religion, family background, and childhood experiences are effective in shaping schema and schema modes. As a result, studying early maladaptive schémas and schema modes could improve role of parents as well as children's mental health.

P76- Maternal Wellbeing and Prosocial Behaviors in Children

Parisa Dehkordian1 , Fereshte Haghighat, Rezvan Hashemi3

1 Corresponding author:KIA, Department of psychology assessment, Alame Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran.

2 .PhD student, Department of Psychology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

3 .AM. Department of behavioral sein en ce, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

*Email: pdehkordv&yahoo. com

Introduction: Study of prosocial behaviors (i.e., behaviors intended to benefit others) and their development in children are increasingly under attention in recent studies. It lias been reported that a relationship existed between parental health illness (i.e. stress) and child behavioral difficulties. Therefore, it may be possible that parental wellbeing and desirable behaviors are related (i.e. prosocial behavior) in children.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between maternal wellbeing and prosocial behaviors in children.

Methods: The population consisted of all mothers and their children (3-6 ages) living in Tehran. The sample (n=100) was selected through random sampling method. Mental, Physical and Spiritual Wellbeing (Vella-Brodrick, 1995), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Parent form) were administrated. Data were analyzed by Τ and ? test, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS 16 software.

Results: Results demonstrated a significant relationship between maternal wellbeing and child's prosocial behaviors (i=0.21, s=0.02). Τ test with significance of 0.05 was used to compare prosocial behaviors of girls and boys. Results demonstrated no significant difference between boys and girls.

Conclusion: Findings demonstrated a significant relationship between maternal wellbeing and child's prosocial behavior. It seems that maternal well being increases child's prosocial behaviors with affecting mother's parenting style and her relationship with the child. Therefore, later variables should be studied in future research. In general, it can be concluded that with positive changes in mother's wellbeing as a parent,it is possible to increase prosocial behavior of the child. It is recommended that health professionals provide the possibility to enhance prosocial behavior of the child with effective interventions.

P77- The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Social Skills among Adolescents of Shiraz

SarehBehzadi Poor1 ,Sahar Ghashghaie"

1. Faculty of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University ,Fars Science and R esearch Branch , Shiraz, Iran.

2. Corresponding author: M.! Student of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University ,FarsScience and Research Branch , Shiraz, Iran.

E-mail: sghashghaie&yahoo. com

Introduction: Social skills have an important role in social adjustment, social skills, conflict resolution, dealing with problems and social interactions with others. Characteristics of normal and abnormal social skills are affected by attachmentstyles. A change towards safe attachments will increase the enhancement of social skills.

Objectives: The main object of this study is to evaluate the relationship between social skills and attachment styles in male and female high school students in Shiraz.

Method and Materials: The sample consisted of a randomly selected group of 100 boys and girls [50 boys and 50 girls] aged 15 - 18 years. Hazen and Shaver's Questionnaire of Attachment (1987)and Matson's Survey of Social Skills (1983)were applied. Data were evaluated using Pierson's correlation coefficient.

Results: Data analyze showed a high and strong positive correlation between secure attachment and social skills. It also presented an average negative correlation between avoidant attachment, and a relatively high negative correlation between ambivalent attachment and social skills.

Conclusion: Different types of attachment (secure, avoidant, ambivalent) have different effects on individual's social skills. As the attachment moves towards the safe type, the outcomes of social skills will be more favorable.

P78-Investigation the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence, Resilience and Empathy

Adel Zahed1 .SobhanBarzegar2 ,MitraGhadamKheir3

1. Ph.D ofEducational Administration,Assistant Professor, School of Psychology, MohagheghArdabili University Ardabil I.R.Iran.

Corresponding author :General Psychology Graduate Student.

3Clinical Psychology Graduate Student.

Email: barzegarsobhan&yahoo. com

Introduction: Spiritual intelligence as a basic belief of the individual lias an essential role in different grounds, especially in providing and improving mental health. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence with resilience and empathy in students.

Method: Statistical population was all high school students in Behshahr. One hundred ninety two students were selected using random multistage sampling. Moreover, the number of females and males were 95 and 97 respectively. King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, Mehrabian Empathy Questionnaire, and Cannor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire were used. Data analysis was accomplished by Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression test.

Results: Analysis of data revealed a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence, empathy and resilience. This means that Component of Spiritual intelligence can respectively predict 21%, 20% empathy and resilience. Further, the component of personal meaning production (beta: 0.38) lias been found as the strongest predictor of resilience and critical thinking (beta: 0.34) as the strongest predictor of empathy.

Conclusion: This study indicated that spiritual intelligence is the most important predictor of empathy and resilience; therefore, it seems that increasing student's spiritual intelligence can result in enhancing resilience and empathy.

P79- Comparing Mental Health of Male and Female Adolescents in Bandar Abbas

FereshtehAfsar1 ,AsgharAghaei2,AboulghasemNouri3 ,LeilaEsmaeili4,AmirsalehAminjafari5

1.Corresponding author :M.A, Department of Psychology, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic AzadlJniversity, Isfahan, Iran.

2.Ph.D, Associative Professor.Department of Psychology, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic AzadlJniversity, Isfahan, Iran.

3. Ph.D, Professor .Department of Ρ sychologv, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic AzadUniversitv, Isfahan, Iran.

4. MA, Department of Ρ sychologv, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic AzadUniversitv, Isfahan, Iran

5. M.A, University of Isfahan Jran.

Email: f.afsar2Oil(cfyahoo.com

Introduction: Adolescence is a transitional stage from childhood to adulthood with physical and cognitive changes. Therefore, mental health of adolescents isa very important objective of psychology.

Objective: The aim of the present research was to study mental health and demographic characteristics of adolescent sin city of Bandar Abbas, Iran. The statistic population were all 11- 25-year-old students in 201 lin the city of Bandar Abbas.

Methods: Cluster and multi-stage sampling was to select a random sample of 300 persons (152 girls and 148 boys. Mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and demographic questionnaire were used to collect data.

Results: Data were analyze dusingManova and independent t-test. The results showed significant differences between the total mental health scores of girls and boys in Bandar Abbas (P<o.ol).Also, the analysis of mental health questionnaire subscales indicated significant differences between impairment in social functioning, depression and physical symptoms of adolescent girls and boys (P <0.01). However, there was no significant difference between anxiety symptoms, sleep disturbance and demographic characteristics of boys and girls (P <0.05).

Conclusion: There were significant differences between the general health of girls and boys in Bandar Abbas with girls showing more serious problems. The results revealed that mental health problems had major impacts on all aspects of adolescents' life, including their ability to learn social and family relationships as well as quality of life. There fore, it can be implied that mental health of girls needs more attention.

P80- Externalizing Disorders; the Role of Anxiety and Depression of Mothers in Mental Health of Adolescents

Ahmad Abedi1, Somaveh Jamali', Marvam Jadidi Feighan3

1.Phd in psychology Associate, University of Isfahan ,Isfahan Jran

2.?Ι? in psychology, University of Isfahan ,Isfahan Jran

3.K1A in psychology, University of Isfahan ,Isfahan Jran

Corresponding author: Mahnaz Jadidi Feighan ?Ι? in psychology, University of Isfahan , Isfahan Jran

*Email: jadidi. m ah 16(a>yahoo. com

Introduction: Studies have revealed that maternal depression and anxiety play an important role in children internalizing disorders (ID).

Objective: This study is aimed to find the relationship between maternal depression and anxiety with ID in adolescent girls.

Methods: One hundred twenty normal male and female students with age range of Π to 1? years participated in this descriptive-analytical study. Their mothers answered to Child Symptoms Inventory (csi- 4), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42). Multiple linear regression, independent samples t-test, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used for analysis of the causal relationship between maternal depression and anxiety with internalizing disorders in adolescent girls.

Results: Maternal depression and anxiety were strong predictors of ID in adolescent girls. Mother's anxiety (ß= 0/391) was stronger than mother's depression in prediction of ID. SEM showed that there is a causal relationship between maternal depression with ID in girls (R= 0/47) and in boys(R=0/47) , and between maternal anxiety with ID in girls (R=0/57) and in boys(R=0/49).

Conclusion: Maternal depression and anxiety can cause ID in adolescents (Especially in female adolescents). These results have implication both in prevention and treatment of ID in adolescent girls.

P81- The Relationship between Irrational Beliefs and Happiness in Adolescents

SarehBehzadi Poor1 ,Sahar Ghashghaie2

1. Faculty of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University ,Fars Science andR esearch Branch , Shiraz, Iran.

2. Corresponding author : MA Student of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University ,Fars Science and Research Branch , Shiraz, Iran.

*E-mail: [email protected]

Introduction: Irrational beliefs and happiness in adolescents are closely connected to mental health. Irrational beliefs may deeply affect an individual's success and sense of happiness and result in irreparable damages to one's psychological aspects.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between irrational beliefs and happiness in adolescents.

Method and Materials: A group of 30 high school senior boys was selected using cluster sampling. Jones' Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (1968), and Oxford Happiness Module (1989) were applied. Data were evaluated using Pierson correlation coefficient.

Results: A strong, meaningful negative relationship was observed between irrational beliefs and happiness in adolescents. Also, there was a meaningful inverse relationship between the need to be accepted and supported by others, tendency to reprimand, avoiding difficulties, and inability to handle changes and happiness.

Regression results confirmed that the subscales of irrational beliefs of 70.8 percent of variance are predictive factors of happiness.

Conclusion: Educating adolescents about the methods of confronting and discarding irrational beliefs is influential and practical in improving success and sense of happiness in adolescents.

P82- Relationship between Loneliness, Hopelessness, Life Satisfaction and Self-esteem with Eating Disorders in Adolescent Students

RobabFaraji1 ,MmaryamSheikh norani1, AzimehHaggi1, Sonia Didehroshani1, AzamShokri1

1: Corresponding author: MA, Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran.

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Eating disorders are characterized by a marked disturbance in behavior. The two major eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Lifetime prevalence of eating disorder is 4% among adolescents.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between loneliness, hopelessness, life satisfaction and self-esteem and eating disorders in adolescent students.

Methods: Two hundred and ten adolescent students were selected through stratified random sampling. UCLA Loneliness Scale, Cooper smith Self-esteem Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale, Beck Haplessness Inventory and Ahvaz Eating Disorder Scale were administered. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, and Multiple Regression Analysis method.

Results: Result demonstrated a positive and significant association between hopelessness, self-esteem, loneliness and anorexia nervosa (p<0/05). Also there was a positive and significant association between self- esteem, loneliness and bulimia (p<0/01). The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that self-esteem was the strongest predictor of anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

Conclusion: This study found an association between eating disorders and hopelessness, loneliness, self- esteem. Thus, it seems that low level of self-esteem was one of the variables that increased individual vulnerability to eating disorders.

P83- Predictors of Academic Achievement in Secondary School Students

Sonia didehroshani1 ,Azimeh haggi1, robab faraji1, maryam sheikh norani1, azam shokri1

1 .Corresponding author:. Psychologist, Islamic Azad University Ardabil, tehran, Iran

*Email:Sonia_didehroshani@ yahoo, com

Introduction: Identifying factors which lead to academic achievement and impede academic failure is of special importance. Controversial reports are available about the relationship between students' academic achievement, self-esteem, general health, test anxiety, efficacy, and life satisfaction.

Objectives: This study was done to determine the predictors of academic achievement in secondary school students.

Method and material: This research was a correlational study, in which a sample of 210 students from 4 schools was randomly selected through multistage random sampling.Data were gathered by demographic and achievement questionnaire, Copper- smith inventory (for assessing self-esteem) and Goldberg Health Questionnaire (to assess general health)Test Anxiety(Spielberger), and Life Satisfaction. The results were analyzed by SPSS-16 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple regressions.

Results: Results indicated no significant relationship between the variables studied and academic achievement. There was a positive and significant association between life satisfaction with efficacy and self-esteem. Also, positive and significant association was found between self-esteem and efficacy (p<0/05). In addition, there were negative and significant association between efficacy and test anxiety (p<0/05). The result of stepwise regression analysis revealed that life satisfaction 21%, efficacy 22%, and mental health 11% predicted academic achievement.

Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that enhancing academic performance and increasing its effectiveness can improve general health andlife satisfaction of students.

P84- Mental Health of High School Students of Birjand in 2011

Zahra farajzadeh 1 * , seyed alireza saadatjoo, shahnaz tabiei 2, najme arab, zakiye asadi 3

1. Corresponding Author: MSc in Nursing management Instructor, faculty of Nursing and Midwifery , Birjand university of medical sciences. Birjand,Iran.

2. MSc in Nursing medical surgical Instructor, faculty of Nursing and m idwifery, Birjand University of medical sciences Birjand,Iran.

3. B.Sc in nursing

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Adolescence years are full of tension and very important because during this period body and mind are subject to substantial developments and increase in mental diseases and social damages. Adolescents are of the most sensitive groups and are the future makers in every country.

Objective: The present study was conducted aiming to determine the mental health status among students in order to provide a ground for compiling further interventions.

Methods: In the present descriptive-analytical study, 1067 high school students of Birjand were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and their mental health was assessed by the GHQ-28 Standard Questionnaire. In each dimension of mental health ,scores lower than 6,7-10,11-18,and higher than 19 were considered normal ,abnormal ,mild, moderate and severe respectively .As with total mental health ,obtaining a score higher than 23 was regarded abnormal. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 15 software, descriptive tables, frequency distribution, and chi-squared test; p<=0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: Of 1067 studied students, the highest frequency belonged to boys (51.5%) and 16-year-old students (33.3%). As regards to mental health, 51.9% of the subjects had abnormal status. The highest frequency in physical health dimension (25.8%), anxiety (24.9%) and social performance (38.1%) were mild, depression (17.7%) moderate to abnormal. In this study, a significant relationship was found between total mental health and gender, parents' level of education, place of residence and field education (pO.OOl). However, no significant relationship was observed between parents' occupation, level of education, and mental health.

Conclusion: Considering the result of the study, it is recommended that more attention be paid to the mental health among adolescents by activating student consulting centers and conducting comprehensive planning in order to provide services relevant to psychological therapy and counseling.

Ρ 85- Study of Relationship between Self accept, and Adjustment in High School Students

ElhamBarmaki( M.A)

Email: ebarmakil0@yahoo. Com

Introduction: objection, incompatibility, and rudeness that confuse a desired life and Social Security are problems of people in modern societies. A review of literature about youths' and adolescents' psychology in the past indicates that for investigation of adjustment and adolescents' difficulties , only family, school, society or the same age group in one dimension have been studied. However, the present studies show that distinguished pattern of characteristics, skills, and motivations are effective in people's adjustment probability.

For analysis of contradictory behaviors in youths and adolescents, a different approach should be taken, and those psychological and social factors that deal with strengthening social and human identity such as self- accept should be studied.

Objectives: The aim of this research is to find a relation between self-accept and adjustment in high school students of Bahnameerin 2010-2011 academic year.

Method: Statistical population of the study was 905 high school students, and the sample included 270 students who were selected randomly. The tools of data collection were library and questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Pearson coefficient of correlation and Τ test.

Results: Based on the findings of this study, a relation was found between self-accept and adjustment; and no difference was observed between self-accept of boys and girls; furthermore, no difference was found between adjustment of boys and girls.

Conclusion: There is a relation between self-accept and adjustment.

P86- Comparison of Child's Perception of Parent and Social Competence in Family with one and More Children

Mahboobeh Alborzi

Email: mahboobeh. alborzi@gmail. com

Introduction: Children's social interaction with friends, family and social agents constitute an important part of children's relationships and world. The main factor in the success of this interaction was social skills and social competence and ability to solve social problems that lead to mental health.

Objectives: The purpose of the present research was to study the child's perception of parent and social competence in family with one and more children.

Method and materials: For the above purpose, 100 (male and female) students were selected as the sample. The instruments were Child Perception of Parental Questionnaire (Grounlik and Deci,1996), and Social Competence Questionnaire(Felner and et al ,1990).

Results: The results showed a significant difference between means of children's perception of mother favor of a single child. Social competence variable was not significantly different between the two groups. Also, there was a negative correlation between father's involvement and behavior in children.

Conclusion: The present study confirmed the interaction between parents' and children's behavior. The number of children in family effected children's perception of parents, and children's social competence .Finally, the findings of the study was discussed and suggestions presented.

P87- A Comparison of Positive and Negative Social Skills and Internalization and Externalization Disorders of Students Rejected and Accepted by Peers

EsmaeilShiri1, MostafaValipour1, Mohammad A. Mazaheri'.PhD

Introduction: Understanding the role of peer acceptance and rejection in children and adolescents with emotional and social growth and peer factors on admission is always regarded by researchers who want to promote mental health and prevent educational and psychological problems of students. The aim of this study was to compare the positive and negative social skills and externalization and internalization disorders in children rejected and accepted by peers.

Method: The study population consisted of all male students in guidance schools in 2011-2012. Using cluster sampling, 10 classes and 300 students were selected as sample. Using sociometric test, 30 rejected students and 45 accepted students were determined and completed the self-reporting scale of Adolescent Behavior Problems of Achenbach (1991), and Social Skills Inventory (Ayndrbytzn and Foster, 1992). Independent t test was used for data analysis.

Results: Results showed that the rejected students had externalization disorders more than the accepted students (p<0.01). There were no significant internalized disorders between accepted and rejected students. Rejected students had more depressive disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity and disobedience disorder than accepted students (pO.Ol). Results showed that accepted students had better positive social skills than rejected students (p<0.01).Also, the results showed that the rejected students had more negative social skills than students who were accepted (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Considering the effect of peer acceptance and rejection on adolescents' psychological disorders, and also the importance of social skills in acceptance and rejection of peers in adolescence period, acceptance and rejection of adolescents among their peers, and providing social skills training for this age group should be taken in to account by school authorities.

P88- The Relationship between Coping Skills and Mental Health with Attitude to Addiction in Adolescents

Ahmad Ashori'andMojtaba Habibi2

1. University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Psychiatry Institute, Mental Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran

2. Family Research Institute, ShahidBeheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran

*EmaiI · ahmad. ashouri(cùgmail. com

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coping skills and mental health with attitude to addiction in adolescents. Method and Material: The subjects of this study consisted of 600 high school students (300 girls, 300 boys) who were selected from high schools of Shiraz by random cluster sampling, and were assessed with COPE Inventory, GHQ-28 and Attitude to Addiction Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The findings of this study demonstrated a significant difference between adolescents who obtained a high score on GHQ (bad condition) and those who got a low score on GHQ (better condition) in attitude to addiction. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the problem focused coping and negative attitude to addiction. Also, a significant negative correlation was found between non-effective coping skills and negative attitude to addiction. Regression analysis showed that non-effective coping skills are the best predictors of negative attitude to addiction. Conclusion: Mental health and coping skills may have a direct relationship with attitude to addiction.

P89- The Relationship between Self-efficacy Beliefs with Hardiness and Self-Regulatory Strategies in Adolescents

TaiebehYegcmeh 1 Abbas Ali Hosseinkhanzadelr, shohreh shirodi3

1. Corresponding author: young researchers club, Tonekabon branch, Islamic Azad university, Tonekabon, Iran

2. Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

Email: taiebehjveganeh&yahoo. com

Introduction: According to the results of previous researches on relationship between individuals' life success and their adopted strategies, the aim of the current research was to study the relationship between hardiness and self-efficacy beliefs with self-regulatory strategies in adolescents.

Methods: This was a correlative-descriptive study. Statistical population included all guidance school students of Langrood. Sample included 200 students who were selected by randomized cluster sampling. Barton Personal Attitudes Field-scale 1984, Scherrer et al Self-Efficacy Test (1982), and Emotional Self- regulatory Strategies (2002) were used. For data analysis, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests were applied.

Results: A relationship was found between hardiness and emotional self-regulatory strategies (p< 0.05). Also, There was a relationship between self-efficacy and emotional self-regulatory strategies (p<0.05). In addition, a relationship was observed between hardiness and self-efficacy beliefs with self-regulatory strategies in adolescents (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Self-efficacy beliefs are one of the basic psychological mechanisms and play an important role in quality of life and balancing between different aspects of life.

P90-Relationship between attachment style and subjective well-being in adolescent

Masumemovahedi1' Yazdan movahedi'

1. Master of counseling, Dep. Of medical science, lorestan university

2. Master of psychology, Dep. Of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

Email: masumemovahedi(ayahoo. com

objective: It is necessary to find the relationship between subjective well-being and attachment style. Attachment allows physical and emotional safety, and the experience that these are achievable through relationships. Students' success in their activities can highly depend on their satisfaction with quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between attaclunent style and subjective well-being among Tabriz students.

Material and method: This correlational study was performed on 430 students (274, males and 156, females)selected among Tabriz students in 2011-2012 academic year using cluster-random sampling. Collins and Reed Attaclunent Style test was used to assess students' attaclunent, and subjective well-being was measured by Raff Subjective Well-being Questionnaire. All the students voluntarily completed and returned the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression by SPSS 19software.

Results: There was a significant correlation between attaclunent style and subjective well-being. The results of multivariate regression showed that among Components of attaclunent, style dependence (0/57) and inerrancy (0/49), positive relationship and anxiety (-0/32) had a negative relationship with subjective well-being

Conclusion: Attaclunent style is an effective factor in subjective well-being in students. With reference to the relationship between attaclunent style and subjective well-being, we anticipate that attaclunent style will have a main effect on subjective well- being, and may account for some of the variance often attributed to subjective well-being.

P91- The Relationship between Mental Health of Adolescents and Economic Status of their Parents

Bagher Ghobari Bonab, Ph.D1, Ali Akbar Haddadi Kuhsar A I. A1

1 Associate professor, University of Tehran, Faculty of psychology and education, Tehran, Iran,

Email: bghobari(aiut. ac. ir

Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and economic status of family in high school students.

Materials and Methods: To fulfill the stated goal, 120 high school students in Qom were selected by multi- stage cluster sampling, and the following measure was administered on them: Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis and Melisarates, 1983).

Results: Analysis of data using regression analysis revealed that mental health of students can be predicted by the economic status of their parents. Adolescents whose family had better economic status were healthier than others.

Conclusion: Mental health of high school students can be predicted by the economic status of their parents.

P92- The Relationship between Emotional Maturity, Loneliness and Attitude to Make Friends with the Opposite Sex

TaiebehYegcmeh 1 Abbas Ali Hosseinkhanzadelr

1.Corresponding author: young researchers club, Tonekabon branch, Islamic Azad university, Tonekabon, Iran

2. Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

*Email:taiebeh_yeganeh(a)yahoo.com

Introduction: As emotional relationship of parent- child may be threatened due to increase of parents' concerns, parents '-children's emotional needs are not satisfied adequately. Considering the importance of emotional maturity and loneliness in adolescents, we studied the relationship between emotional maturities, sense of loneliness and make friends with the opposite sex.

Method: This was a descriptive-correlative study. Statistical population included all female students of secondary school in Langrood. Two hundred individuals were selected by randomized clustered sampling. The Emotional Maturity Scale, Asher Social and Emotional Loneliness Questionnaire, Kordlu Attitudes and Tendency Questionnaire toward making relationships before marriage were applied. Pierson correlation test was used for data analysis.

Results: There was a significant negative correlation between emotional maturities and making friendships with the opposite sex (p< 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between sense of loneliness and tendency toward making friendship with the opposite sex (p< 0.05).

Conclusion: Risky and unhealthy relationships between boys and girls can be due to their family background. Therefore, adolescents' unsatisfied emotional needs may lead to risky relationships outside the family.

P93- Survey of Social Support and Academic Motivation with Life Satisfaction in High School Students

Rahmanrahimi ,MohammadAzimi,Mohammad pirani

*Email: Rahmanrahimi89(a>yahoo. com

Objective: In this research, we studied the relation between social support and academic motivation with life satisfaction in high school students in Tabriz in academic year of 2011-2012.

Methods: Using multi-stage cluster sampling, we selected 280 students (175girls; 117 Boys). Vax, Fillips, Holy, Tompson, Eiliams and Stivarte's Questionnaire form (1987) and Piryagholi and Bahrami's questionnaire form (1995) were used to measure social support and academic motivation, respectively. Also, life satisfaction scale of Diner (SWLS) was used to measure life satisfaction.

Results & Conclusion: The results of cluster analysis demonstrated that girls and boys had two clusters based on research variables separately. Frequency of students in both clusters was observed based on sex. The results revealed a difference between boys (girls) of the first cluster and the boys (girls) of the second one.

P94- The Role of Parent - Child Interaction in Frequency of Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescent Girls

Ghvsaripour1 , TorabiMazrae Maleki1

''Corresponding Author: Department of psychology,Science and Culture University, Tehran, Iran

*Email: Ghvsaripour&yahoo. com

Introduction: Family is a dynamic system and its members mutually affect one another. Therefore, the family's health is affected by the strength and health of all its members. Physical and psychological changes are associated with adolescence. Interaction between parents and children is very important in transition and development of normal changes.

Objective: The aim of the present research was to determine the role of parent - child interaction in frequency of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls.

Method and Materials: The target population in this study included all high school female students and their mothers in academic year of 2012 in Tehran. The sample included 332 students and their mothers selected by multistage cluster sampling. The instruments used in this study were the Parent -Child Relationship Survey (Fine, Moreland &Schwebl, 1983), and Symptomatology of Premenstrual Syndrome Abraham. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and regression tests.

Results: Results revealed that parents - child interaction have a positive and significant relationship with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in girls.

Conclusions: The mothers as one of the key members of interaction with the adolescent girls have a significant role in the family. It seems that improving parent child interaction will lead to reduction in PMS symptoms.

P95- Evaluation of Social Skills, Internalized and Externalized Disorders in the Bully, Victim, and Uninvolved Students

MostafaValipour1, Esmaeil Shiri1 , Mohammad Ali. Mazaheri1

Corresponding author: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ShahidBeheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

*Email: Esmaeil.shiri67(cfyahoo.com

Valipour. mostafa&yahoo. com.

Introduction: Given the importance and consequences of bullying in schools, evaluation of factors contributing to this phenomenon appears to be important.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to measure the effect of negative and positive social skills in internalized and externalized disorders in the bully, victim and uninvolved students.

Method: The study population consisted of all male students of guidance schools(year 201-2012)in Zanjan. For sampling (in a cluster process), randomly at first one of two District Branch and then of the nine schools in this area, four schools randomly selected And two to three classes from each school were randomly entered into the research process. Overall, 10 classes and 300 students were selected. We found that 53 students were bullies, 56 victims, and 173 were not involved .Akhnbakh adolescent Self-evaluation Questionnaire (YSR), and Social Skills (TISS) were completed by the students. One-way analysis of variance was used.

Results: Results indicated that bully students scored lower in positive social skills which were significantly lower than both the victim and uninvolved students. In contrast, the negative skills were considerably higher among these students in comparison with the other groups. The results further demonstrated that the rate of internalized disorders in bully and victim students is significantly higher than those students who were not involved in bullying. Although the average of internalized disorders in victims was higher than bullies, this difference was not significant. ANOVA post hoc test (Tukey) showed that externalized disorders in bullies were significantly higher than students not involved in bullying. Data analysis revealed that the average of conduct disorder and disobedience was significantly higher in bullies than the other groups.

Conclusion: Due to the observed differences between positive and negative social skills of bullies, victomized and uninvolved students, offering proper social skills training is considered to be imperative for the bullies. Implementation of specific policies, prevention programs, and providing appropriate training and interventions are suggested to prevent bullying and its negative consequences.

P96- The Relationship between Self-regulated Learning, Achievement Motivation and Academic Performance of High School Students in Ardebil in 2010-2011

Mohammad Azimi, M.A1, MoosaPiri, Ph.D1, TaghiZawar, Ph.D1,,RahmanRahimi, M.A1

1. Department of Psychology, AzarbaijanShahidMadani University, Islamic Republic of Iran

Email: Mohamadazimi86@yahoo. com

The purpose of this study was to find a relationship between academic performance and self-regulated learning, achievement motivation of high school students in Ardabil in 2010-2011 academic years. The statistical sample of this research was 379 high school students (197boys, and 182girls) in Ardabil in 2010- 2011 academic years, which were selected by multi- stage cluster sampling method irrespective of their field and year of study. The instruments used in this research are 3 questionnaires: MSLQ, Achievement Motivation of Her means, and grade average of academic semester in 2010-2011. Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression, Hoteling t2 and independent sample t-test were the major statistical methods used in this research. The results showed a positive relationship between self-regulated learning and academic performance and also between achievement motivation and academic performance. The results of multiple regression showed that achievement motivation had a better capability in predicting academic performance compared with self- regulated learning. On the other hand, the results of hoteling t2 revealed a significant difference between the combination of tree dependent variables in two groups of male and female students. Independent t-tests were used for each of the variables, and the results indicated a significant difference between male and female students in term of academic performance.

P97- Comparison of Elements of the Draw a Person Test and Self- concept between Optimistic and Pessimistic Children

Introduction: Drawing tests are a diagnostic projection method in which a subject is asked to paint a person, a subject or a situation for evaluating cognitive, interpersonal, or psychological function.

Object: The purpose of this study was to compare optimistic and pessimistic children in elements of drawing a person test and Self- concept.

Method The sample consisted of 150 third to fifth grade students in elementary level (51 girls and 89 boys) who were selected randomly through cluster sampling method.to collect the Drawing -A-Person Test, children Attribution style and Children Self- Concept Scale were applied. The chi square and t test was used to analyze the data.

Results: There were significant differences between optimistic and pessimistic children (girls and boys) in drawing-a-person test elements. That is optimistic and pessimistic girls obtained higher scores than optimistic and pessimistic boys' scale of dress, color, and head. There was also a significant difference between self- concept of boy and girl students in drawing-a-person test elements. That is, pessimistic girls showed higher scores than pessimistic boys in the intellectual and study status of self- concept scale.

Conclusions: The results revealeda significant difference between optimistic and pessimistic children (girls and boys) in drawing -a- person test elements based on self- concept scale.

P98- Comparison of Resiliency and Identity Styles among Adolescents

Leila Rezaeian1 , Hamid Reza Fathi2

1. Corresponding author: Master of Clinical Psychology, Addiction Expert in Psycho-Social and Addiction Health Department of Mashhad University of Medical Science, Iran

2. General Physician, Assistant Professor and Τ he Head of Psycho-Social and Addiction Health Department of Mashhad University of Medical Science, Iran

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Family is the most important element in having an immune community through bringing up psychologically healthy offspring's. This fact is highlighted more in the domain of primary prevention of addiction.

Objective: This study aims to compare the relationship between resiliency and the style of identity among adolescents.

Method: The research is a descriptive study. The sample was selected through available sampling. The sampling included all adolescents of Mashhad. The sample size was 120 adolescents with age range of 15 - 20 years who were categorized in to two groups:: addiction abstinent and non-addicts' children. To collect data, Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale and Berzonsky's Identity Styles Inventory were used .To analyze data, SPSS software was utilized through which Pierson correlation and regression in inferential statistics and mean in descriptive statistics were utilized.

Results: The results revealed that informative and normative identity styles among non-addicts 'children are significantly more than addiction abstinent' children. Further,it was demonstrated that identity commitment has a positive relation with resiliency, but this relation is inversed among addiction abstinent' children.

Conclusions: The study indicates a meaningful relation between resiliency and identity styles which are very considerable elements in primary prevention of addiction.

P99- The Study of the Effects of Family Cohesion and Flexibility on Self Concept in Adolescents

Mohammad Ali Nikkerdar, Zahra Feridoni, Mohammad Ali Jafari

Introduction: Self-concept involves perceptions and attitudes a person holds about his/her self. Many variables such as family communication, peer relationship and social environment effect the development of self-concept.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the effects of family cohesion and flexibility on self- concept in male and female adolescents.

Method: The sample of this study included 521 high school and pre-university students (266 girls and 255 boys). The "Family Cohesion", "Family Flexibility" and "P.M.S.P.S" questionnaires were used in this research. The P.M.S.P.S questionnaire has four dimensions: Academic Self-Concept, Social Self- Concept, Athletic Self-Concept, and Evaluative Self- Concept. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.

Result: The results revealed a significant difference between male and female adolescents in total self- concept and athletic self-concept. Also, the results showed positive significant relationship between all variables. Further, multiple regression analysis indicated that family cohesion and flexibility can positively predict self concept and its dimensions.

Discussion: Results of this study revealed significant relationship between family communication and self concept in adolescence period.

P100- The Relation between Boredom with Emotional Maturity and Classroom and School Community

Maryam Asar1 , Taghi Poor ebrahim 2, Mahmood Heidari3

1. Corresponding author: MA student in educational counseling, Department of psychology, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran

2. Ρ .H.D in family counseling, Department of psychology, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran

3. Ρ .H.D in educational psychology, Department of psychology, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran

Email: maryamasar@ymail. compoorpoor

Introduction: Institutional issues and psychological problems including boredom among students are considerable issues, and it seems that various factors like emotional immaturity and inappropriate classroom and school community can influence their boredom.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between boredom and emotional maturity and classroom-school community among female high school students in Tehran.

Method: This was a descriptive correlational study. The samples were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Three hundred sixty seven third grade female students with the average age of 17 years studying in Tehran's high schools were selected for this study. Research instruments were the curtailed boredom form (farhadi), emotional maturity questionnaire (EMS) and classroom and school community questionnaire (CSCI).

Results: The results of the study showed a meaningful correlation between boredom - Emotional maturity and classroom - school community scores. In addition, regression analysis showed that classroom - school learning, schools social support, emotional instability, emotional regression, social incompatibility and personality collapse have the most important roles in explanation and prediction of the boredom among students.

Conclusion: Unfavorable classroom and school community and emotional immaturity effect and intensify boredom among students.

P101- Psychiatric Disorder in Pre- elementary Children in Agh-ghala,Iran,2011

NargesRafiei1, Hashem Heshmati1 , Seyed Mehdi Aghapour1, AlirezaNoudehi1

1. Corresponding Author: Department of public health, School of health, Golestan University of Medical science, Gorgan, Iran.

Email: Heshmati3369(a>yahoo. com

Introduction: Attending to physical and mental health of children is very important considering its impact on their future health. School -age students constitute a large number of children in Iran. Therefore, situational analysis related to mental health is necessary for developing and providing appropriate mental health services for this group.

Objective: This study was designed and conducted with the aim of determining psychiatric disorders in pre- elementary children in city of Agh-ghalain 2011.

Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 2391 children under the age of 6 at pre-elementary level were selected through census method in Agh-ghalain 2011.Subjects were assessed through checkup and a reliable and valid questionnaire related to Autism, epilepsy, anxiety disorders, mood disorders and psychiatric disorders. Data were analyzed using SPSS18 software and Chi-square test.

Results: Of the subjects,51.6 % were male, and 71.4% lived in rural areas; 0.4% suffered from Autism, 0.4%from epilepsy, 0.4% from anxiety disorders, 0.1% from mood disorders, and 1.7% were suspected to have psychiatric disorders. There was no significant relation between location and autism epilepsy, anxiety disorders, mood disorders and psychiatric disorders (P>0.05).There was no significant relation between gender and autism, epilepsy, anxiety disorders, mood disorders and psychiatric disorders (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Considering the relatively high psychiatric disorders in our study sample, we recommend appropriate intervention particularly screening and counseling for children and counseling and educational intervention for parents.

P102- Psychological Disorders of Adolescents: Self Report Form of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

Introduction: It is essential to gain knowledge about frequency of adolescent psychological disorders to prevent and treat them effectively. Unfortunately, only a few studies have been conducted on the frequency and distribution of the frequency of adolescent psychological disorders in our country (Iran).

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of psychological disorders in adolescents of Tehran. Isfahan, Fars, Khorasan Razavi and East Azarbaijan provinces.

Methods and Materials: In a descriptive - analytical, community based study, 5171 adolescents aged 12-17 years were selected by multistage cluster sampling method from Tehran, Isfahan, Fars, Khorasan Razavi and East Azarbaijan provinces. They were then evaluated by the self-report form of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which assessed emotional problems, conduct problem, hyperactivity, peer problem, social problems and total difficulties.

Results: In the self-reported form of SDQ, 8.09% emotional problems, 24% conduct problem 13.95% hyperactivity, 7.25% peer problem 5.76% social problems and 14.26% total difficulties were reported. Frequencies of emotional problems in girls were higher than boys in the self-reported form of SDQ. Furthermore, frequencies of the observed disorders in Fars province were also higher than the expected measure. Moreover, frequencies of psychological problems were correlated to parents' education and occupation.

Conclusion: In this research the frequencies of adolescent psychological disorders in five provinces were higher than some of the previous results. More specific studies are necessary to evaluate the frequency of adolescent psychological disorders for effective prevention and treatment.

P103- Combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Medication for a Child with Τ reatment-Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: a Case Report

Dr. Ja\>adAlagheband Rad1, Marvam Delavari2*, Dr. Sina Ghasemi3

1. AID in Child & Adolescence Psychiatry, Rozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

2 Corresponding Author: M.! in Clinical Psychology, Rozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

3. Resident of Psychiatry, Rozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

? mail: Maryamdela\'ari62(a)gmail.com

Introduction: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders in children and adults. The main feature of this disorder is severe and recurrent obsessions or compulsion that causes consider able suffering for the individual. Studies have shown that treatment with medication, behavioral therapy or a combination of them reduce obsessive-compulsive symptoms in these patients. However, few studies have been done on treatment- resistant cases of this disorder especially in young ages.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to report combination of medication and cognitive behavioral therapy for a patient who had cleaning OCD and was resistant to several treatments for3 years. This disorder led to several academic and communication problems.

Methods: The patient wasal6-year old male high school senior student who was admitted with OCD diagnosis in summer of 201 lin Rozbeh Hospital. During 40 days of hospitalization, treatment including Sertra line, Risperidone and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with exposure and response prevention (ERP) approach was implemented. The therapeutic follow up was performed during 6 months after discharge.

Results: According to results of NIMH scale that was completed during the treatment by a therapist, this combination therapy led to reduction in compulsions and also improvement of academic performance and relationship with his family.

Conclusion: The results showed that a combination of medication and cognitive behavioral therapy is more effective in improving OCD symptoms.

P104- The Role of Anxiety due to Negative Social Evaluation in Social Isolation of Children

Ali Akbar PirastehMotlagh1 , TayebehAkbari AliAbad2, SoghraAkbari AliAbad3

1. Corresponding Author: MA in General Psychology, Sistan&BaluchestanUniversity, ZahedanCity, Iran Country.

2. BSin Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad Universityof Arsanjan, Shiraz City, Iran Country.

3. BS inNursing,Islamic Azad Universityof Yasouj, Yasouj City, Iran Country.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Research ersbelieve that one of the psychological factors that may affect development and particularly social isolation in children is anxiety due to negative social evaluation.

Objective: In the present study, the role of anxiety due to negative social evaluation in social isolation has been in vestigated in a group of children aged 7 to 10 years in Yasouj.

Methods: Three hundred children (150 boys and 150 girls) were selected by multistage sampling. They responded to Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE), and Scale of Social Isolation (UCLA). Then, data were analyzed using the Pearson correlationco efficient, linear regression and independent t test.

Results: Results showed a significant positive correlation among anxiety due to social negative evaluation and social isolation. Further, it was found that anxiety due to negative social evaluation is a good predictor of social evaluation. Also, the t-test indicated that there are significant differences between boys and girls in anxiety due to negative social evaluation and social isolation scales.

Conclusion: There suits demonstrated that negative social evaluations cause anxiety and fear in children, andit will lead to their social isolation. Therefore, attention to withdrawal and isolation behaviors is necessary to ensure their mental health.

P105- Effect of Assertiveness Training on Social Anxiety in Students of the Second Grade of Middle School in Tabriz

Zahra Feizollah , Moosa Piri

1 Corresponding author: Graduate Student of Research Martyr Azerbaijani University

Email: feizollahizahra@yahoo. com

Introduction: Social anxiety is the result of evaluating the likelihood or occurrence of a person in different social situations. In other words, someone who suffers from social anxiety does not have any desire to initiate communication with others in social conditions. Social conditions in which the person may be faced with criticism about his personality and behavior or may be evaluated.

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of reducing social anxiety and assertiveness training on the students of second year of middle school in Tabriz.

Method: Quasi-experimental method was used in this study; and before test after test with the control group was used. Sample size in this study included30 students with low assertiveness randomly selected from among the students of the second year of high school in Tabriz.

Tools used in this study, were a questionnaire with two subscales of social anxiety, social avoidance and distress (SAD), and Miller grading scale. The data were analyzed using univariant ANCOVA statistical methods.

Results: Research results show that assertiveness training that reduces social anxiety and social anxiety scores and there are significantly different between control and experimental groups.

Conclusion: Assertiveness training may have an impact on social anxiety. The experimental group who received this training had a low social anxiety than the control group.

P106- Examining the Predictors of Childhood Fears based on Early Maladaptive Schemas: The Role of Mother and Child Schemes

Zahra Ghamkhar Fard1 , Naghmeh Torabi2

1. Corresponding author:Department of Clinical Excellence, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2. Department of Family Therapy, Science and Culture University, Tehran, Iran

Email: z.ghamkharfard@sbmu. ac. ir

Introduction: Childhood fears are part of normal development. However, in some children, these fears reflect serious anxiety problems which interfere with daily activities. Cognitive models refer to the negative role of schémas in psychopathology symptoms formation and family-related factors as the cause of individual susceptibility.

Objectives: The role of child and mother's maladaptive schémas in predicting child fears was investigated in this study.

Methods: Subjects were 152 children (81 girls and 71 boys) with their mothers selected by cluster sampling method. They completed Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised, Schema Inventory for Children and short form of Young's Schema Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by multiple regression tests.

Results: Regression analysis revealed that child's and their mothers' schemes have significant incompatible contribution in predicting different types of fear in the children.

Conclusion: Child's schémas compared with mother's schémas, has played a significant role in causing fear in children. Among the 11 schema in the children, the vulnerability schema has a considerable role in predicting different types of fear in children. Consequently, cognitive interventions to train the rational belief to the parents and children (especially to children) will be effective in the treatment of child problems. Altogether, the implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed to highlight suggestions for future research and clinical practice on young people.

P107- Fear of Negative Evaluation and self-focused Attention in Socially Anxious Adolescents

ReyhaneSheykhanl, Shahram Mohammadkhani2, Mahnaz Jafarzade1

1.M. A. Clinical Psychology student, University ofKharazmi, Tehran. Iran.

2.Department of Psychology, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adults suggest several mechanisms that maintain social anxiety. However, little is known about the role of these processes in adolescents' social anxiety.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the fear of negative evaluation and self- focused attention in socially anxious (SA) adolescents and non-anxious (NA) controls.

Methods: In this study, 14 adolescents with high social anxiety and 15 non-anxious controls were selected based on their score inSocial Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Structured Clinical Interview for disorders. Then, after a social task, adolescents were asked to complete the Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire and Focus of Attention Questionnaire.

Results: SA adolescents reported a significantly more fear of negative evaluation compared to NA adolescents. However, no difference was observed between SA adolescents and NA adolescents in self- focused attention.

Conclusions: The results of this study provide important preliminary evidence for differences between clinical and non-clinical groups in adolescents' anxiety in maintaining variables as proposed by cognitive models in adults. Based on this evidence, targeting the change of inappropriate mechanisms could be promising for treatment improvement in adolescents' social anxiety.

P108- The Relationship between Perfectionism, Resiliency, Mental Health and Test Anxiety in High School Students

shima khorram1, zeinab rezaie2

1. M.A. Student of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Fars, Iran.

2. M.A. Student of Clinical Psychology, TarbiatMoallem University, Tehran, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Adolescents experience a great deal of anxiety; one important type of anxiety which they experience is test anxiety.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism, resiliency, and mental health with test anxiety in adolescents.

Methods: The sample consisted of 200 high school students in Shiraz who were selected randomly. The instruments for data collection were Perfectionism Questionnaire, Resiliency Questionnaire, Mental Health Questionnaire and Test Anxiety Inventory.

Results: This was a correlation study, and data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression at the meaningful level (p<0.0001). Results showed that there was a meaningful positive relationship between negative perfectionism and test anxiety. However, there was a meaningful negative relationship between positive perfectionism and resiliency and mental health and test anxiety. Findings also revealed multiple relationships between perfectionism, resiliency, and mental health with test anxiety. Also, regression analysis demonstrated that resiliency is the best predictor of test anxiety.

Conclusion: Perfectionism, resiliency, mental health, and test anxiety level have a reverse ratio, meaning that as test anxiety level increases, positive perfectionism and resiliency and mental health decreases and vice- versa.

P109- Effectiveness of Child-Centered Attachment Therapy on Reducing Depressive Symptoms and Increasing Quality of Attachment in Elementary School Boys

FarahnazShakehnia1 , BehrouzBehrouz2

1. Corresponding author :M. A. Student of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

2'M. A. Student of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Depression in childhood increases the risk of depression in adolescence and adulthood. In addition, depression in childhood and adolescence periods has a connection with many of negative effects in adulthood such as educational problems, risky sexual behaviors, and poor social relations.

Objectives: The present paper has been done to examine the effectiveness of child - oriented attachment method on decreasing depression symptoms and increasing quality of attachment of primary school boys.

Method: This was a sub- experimental study with control and experimental groups. Population includes all boys in the fourth and fifth grade of primary school in Isfahan in 2010-2011. The sample under the study was 30 depressed students selected by random multiuse sampling. The subjects were then randomly placed in control and experiment groups. Child Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to specify the subjects' depression rate. Also children attachment rate was tested through inventory of parent and peer attachment revised for children (IPPA-R). Six sessions of therapy based on child - oriented attachment therapy was done on the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any therapy sessions. The obtained data were tested through descriptive statistics and multi- variate covariance analysis.

Results: The findings of covariance analysis showed that child - oriented attachment therapy can significantly decrease depression and its dimensions in the experimental group. Also, attachment quality scores and their dimension showed significant increase in the experimental group.

Conclusion: Child - oriented attachment therapy can decrease depression symptoms in children. In addition, it increases their quality of attachment.

P110- Prevalence of Psychological Traumas in High School students in Uremia

Sajjad Basharpoor1

1 .Corresponding author: Assistant Professor of psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Email: basharpoor_sajjad@yahoo. com

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the prevalence of psychological traumas in male high school students.

Method: Statistical population of this study comprised of all male students in Uremia high schools during 2010-2011 educational years. In this cross sectional study, 946 male high school students were selected through multistage cluster random sampling, and responded to demographic questionnaire and Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for Children in their schools and in groups. Collected data were analyzed by frequency and percent.

Results: The results showed that 263 students (72.2%) did not experience any trauma during their life; 43 (4.5%) reported exposure to accidents and disasters; 222 (23.5%) reported exposure to hospitalization, disease, death and separation of a close person, 43 (4.5%) reported exposure to physical abuse, 76 (8%) reported exposure to violence, 43 (4.5%) reported exposure to emotional abuse, and twenty forty seven (26.1%) reported exposure to more than one trauma during their life.

Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study, it can be stated that psychological traumas are highly prevalent among high school students. Therefore, early interventions in school and family are needed to prevent trauma related psychological outcomes.

Pill- The Relationship between Stateand Trait Anxiety and Dysfunctional Attitudes

Masoume Hosseinipour1 *,MitraMoslehiJouybari, KhatereZabihi

1. Corresponding author: MA in educational psychology from Sari Azad University

*Email: mhoseynipourl 0@gmail. com

Introduction: Beliefs, attitudes and mental processes have an important role in formation of many disorders and behavioral problems; and dysfunctional belief scan make a person prone to anxiety, depression or general psychological distress.

Objective: This research aimed to study the relationship between state and trait anxiety and dysfunctional attitude eesin adolescents to take ffectiv e steps in identifying adolescents' trauma.

Methods: This was a co relational research conducted on 269 female students who were selected randomly from guidance schools of Sari in 2011-2012. The students filled the Beck Dysfunctional Attitude Questionnaire and, Trait-State Anxiety Questionnaire (Espial Berger). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and linear regression analysis.

Results: The results showed a significant relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and anxiety of the students.

Conclusion: Anxiety plays an important role information and persistence of dysfunctional attitudes.

P112- The Role of Personality Traits in Depression of Adolescents

Mahmoud Najafy1 , Nosrat Jafari2

1 . Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

2. Scientific Assistant, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Eilam, Iran.

Email: Najafy2001ir@yahoo. com.

Introduction: Numerous studies have shown that personality traits are important factors in prediction of depression.

Objective: The aim of the present research was to study the relation between personality traits and depression in adolescents.

Methods: This was a descriptive- correlational study. In this study, male and female students were selected by random cluster sampling among high schools of the fifth district of Tehran. Kovacs and Beck's Depression Questionnaire and NEO Questionnaire were administered. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Stepwise Regression Analysis.

Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between neuroticism and depression. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between depression with extraversion and agreeableness. The results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that among personality traits, neuroticism was entered to regression equation and explained 19% of variance of depression.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated the importance and the role of personality traits in depression. These results indicated that personality factors have an important role in prediction of depression.

P113- Using Ravenette Method in Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Case report

FatemehKhalili Kermani1 ,Mohammad Reza Mohammadi2- Seyed Jalal Younesi3

1- MSc of general psychology, BSc of language and speech pathology, Centre of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tehran,Iran.

2- Assistant professor, PhD of clinical psychology, member of department of counseling, university of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3- Professor of Child and Adolescent psychiatry, Psychiatry Research Centre, Roozbeh hospital, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. Corresponding author: FatemehKhaliliKermani

E-mail: liakhalili@yahoo. com

Introduction: Generalized anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental disorders in children. Parents cannot identify the main reason for children's anxiety. On the other hand, children cannot or are not excited about sharing problems with their parents.

Objectives: Talking directly about problems is not an appropriate way to treat children. Thereby according to Ravenette's treatment, it may be possible to enter to the children's inner world, identify mental difficulties and beliefs being shaped in their minds through using pictures. Also using pictures could clarify the hidden aspects of reality even without the child's awareness. As a result, the pressure of negative thoughts is reduced and the child's mind could accept new beliefs.

Method and Materials :Ravenette has a crucial role in children's treatment and he is a pioneer in using painting to work with children. There is no difference between assessment and treatment in this theory. Searching individual's mind structures has a treatment value to clear many facts. According to Ravenette, in assessment, we cannot just rely on child's speech; on the contrary, we should use painting and pictures to achieve child's point of view about the situation. The power of this method is in clarifying the hidden aspects of reality. The interview is based on Ravenette interview's method with children. Changes during the treatment, AkhenBakh Children's Check List, and CAT were used for assessment.

Results: At the end of the treatment, child anxiety's signs were meaningfully reduced. T-score in AkhenBakh Children's Checklist Decreased by 25 scores, and reached 61 which is a suitable level in normal diagram. Moreover, this type of therapy had been effective in treatment of attendant problems such as attention and centralization.

Conclusion: Ravenette's treatment could meaningfully decrease children's anxiety symptoms.

PI 14- The Relationship between Perceived Parenting Styles and Dimensions of Perfectionism with Test Anxiety in Female Students in Birj and

Fariba Farazi1 , Ahmad Khamesan2 , Mohammad Reza Asadi Yoonesi3

1.Corresponding author: M.A Student of Azad University of Birjand.

2. Assistant ProfessorDepartment ofPsychology, University of Birjand, Psychology PHD of York University of England .3. Assistant ProfessorDepartment ofPsychology, University of Birjand, Psychometric PHD of ShahidBeheshti University of Tehran.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Test anxiety is one type of anxiety disorder; and recognizing its predictive factors is of prime importance in avoiding this disorder.

Objective: The aim of this research is to investigate the role of perceived parenting styles and dimensions of perfectionism with test anxiety of senior high school female students in Birj and.

Methods: This was a correlative study, and the statistical society was all senior high school famale students in Birj and. In this study, 16 lfamale students were selected with multi stage cluster sampling. The following instruments were used: Perception of Parenting Styles(POPS), Dimensions of Perfectionism (MPS), and Test Anxiety (TAS).Data were analyzed by factor analysis method, Pierson correlation and regression analysis.

Results: Research findings showed that among parenting styles, father's warmth, and among dimensions of perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism could predict test anxiety.

Conclusion: Research findings demonstrated that more warmth in the relationship between parents and children reduced test anxiety among children. Also, with increase in socially prescribed perfectionism, students experienced more test anxiety.

P115- Prediction of Depression Symptomsand its Dimensions Based on Demographic Variables in Fourth and Fifth Grade Elementary School Students in Isfahan

Farahnaz Shakehnia1 , SholeAmiri',HosseinMolavi3, Behrouz Behrouz4

1. Corresponding author: M. A. Student of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

2. Ph. D. Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

3. Ph. D. Professor of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

4. M. A. Student of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

Email :F. shakehnia&gmail. com

Introduction: Mood disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. To determine the agerange in which children and adolescents experience symptoms of depression disorders it is necessary to do demographic studies.

Objectives: The present paper lias been conducted to predict the symptoms of children's depression and its dimensions through demographic variables in fourth and fifth grade elementary school students in Isfahan.

Method: The present paper was a descriptive - correlative study.The statistical universe included all fourth and fifth grade elementary students in Isfahan in 2010-2012 academic year. The statistical sample under the study was 150 students who were selected based on multi-stagecluster sampling. To measure depression in children the Children Depression Inventory (CDI and to measure demographic variables, scholar-made demographic inventory were used. The obtained data were then analyzed through descriptive statistics, ANCOVA analysis, and stepwise regression.

Results: Results of ANCOVA analysis showed that gender had no significant relationship with children's depression. Results of the step wise regression showed that among demographic variables, average and income rate showed a significant relationship with total depression and its four dimensions (Negative mood. Interpersonal problems, Anliedonia and Negative self - esteem).The other population variables (Parent's education level and family member's number) showed no significant relationship with total depression, but the variable of family member's number showed a significant relationship with dimension of ineffectiveness, and variable of parents' education level with dimension of negative self - esteem.

Conclusion: Average and amount of family income have been known as the best predictors of total depression and its four dimensions (Negative mood. Interpersonal problems, Anliedonia and Negative self - esteem).This prediction may be the purpose of future studies, and therapeutic interventions to prevent and cure children's depression.

P116- Investigating the Relationship between Identity Styles and Social Anxietyin Adolescents

Bahram Jowkar1, Narges Karimian' *

1. Associate Prof, of Educational psychology department, College of Education & Psychology

2. Corresponding author: M.! student of educational Psychology

Email address: narges.karimian25(algmail.com

Introduction: Social anxiety is one of the disorders with many maladaptive consequences for adolescents. Therefore, it seems necessary to study its related and influencing factors.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the individual factors and particularly the role of processing information about self in social anxiety. Therefore, this study examined the role of identity styles in predicting social anxiety.

Method and Materials: Participants were 265 high- school students (144 girls and 121 boys) in Sliiraz .Data were collected through cluster random sampling. Identity Styles Inventory (White et al., 1998) was used to measure identity styles, and Social Anxiety Scale (Lajerka, 1999) was utilized for assessing social anxiety; and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Factor analysis was employed for validating the test.

Results: Multiple regressions of social anxiety on identity styles (informational, normative, & avoidant) showed that informational style was a positive predictor of social anxiety. The same results were achieved for the prediction of other dimensions of social anxiety.

Conclusion: Contrary to previous findings, informational identity style led to maladjusted behavior which may be due to cultural differences. Suggestions and implications for future research are mentioned.

P117- The PTSD Altruists' Effects on the Psychological Health of Young Children

Tayebe Kashef1 , Ν eda khare2, Se vedabolghasem sevedan

1. Corresponding Author: MS.c in Clinical Psychology, Medical college of TorbatHevdarieh

2. MS.c in Clinical Psychology, Torbat jam University.

3.MS.c in Egucational Psychology, Master in PavameNor University

Email: Kashefi88(a\gmail. com

Introduction: Introduction: Post traumatic stress disorder cause changes in emotions and behavior, such traumatic experiences can have negative effects on the person's family members. Consequences and effects of war-related events in families that have PTSD patients depend on the individual's abilities in problem solving and how to create balance and harmony between experience of war and life after the war.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PTSD altruists on mental health of veterans' adolescent children.

Methods: In this scientific - after the event study, 240 subjects (60 free, 60 veterans, 30 free girls ,30 free boys, 30 female veterans, 30 veteran boys) were selected using available people of Torbat with an easy sampling in the year 2010. For data collection, Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety questionnaire (BAI) were used. Data were analyzed using statistical methods (T-independent and Pearson correlation coefficient).

Results: There was a significant difference between scores of anxiety and depression among female and male children of veterans(05/0>p). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between father PTSD with children anxiety and depression. That is, increasing the father's score in PTSD, children anxiety and depression in children of parents went high score.

Conclusion: Fathers behavior of PTSD had a negative impact on children, including anxiety and depression. This may be due to experiencing war or may be due to such problems as injury, imprisonment, and psychiatric problems.

Ρ118- Efficiency The Role of Attachment Styles in Prediction of Adolescents' Depression

Soulmaz Dabiri1 , Mahmoud Najaf/', Nosrat Jafari3

1 .Corresponding author: Ph.D Student, Department of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.

2.Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

3.Scientific Assistant, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Eilam, Iran.

Email: sh dabiri 1016@yahoo. com

Introduction: Quality of parent-child relationship in form of attachment styles has some various psychological outcomes for children. It seems that insecure attachment styles are associated with risk factors such as depression; and secure attachment style is associated with more mental health and fewer pathological syndromes.

Objective: The main aim of this research was to study the role of attachment styles in prediction of depression in children.

Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study. In this study, 200 secondary school students were selected by stage cluster sampling from the fifth district of Tehran. The attachment styles Questionnaire, and the Kovacs and Beck's Depression Questionnaire were used as the study instruments. The age range of participants was 12-14 years. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis.

Results: The results showed a significant negative relation between secure attachment style and depression, and there was a significant positive relationship between ambivalence and avoidant insecure attachment styles with depression. The results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that secure attachment style has an important and significant role in prediction of depression, which explains 16% of variance of depression.

Conclusion: Findings of the present study indicated that the attachment styles have important role in depression. Therefore, it seems providing training for parents, and improving quality of relationship between parents and their adolescent children are of prime importance. Findings have practical implications for experts, consultants and parents.

PI 19- The Relationship between Marital Satisfaction's Dimensions and Children's Anxiety and Depression

Atoosa Daniali1 ,MajidAlamy'

1. Corresponding author: Department of psychology University of Tehran, Tehran.

Email: atuosa daniali@yahoo. com

Objective: Marital satisfaction is an important antecedent in the development of children's well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relation between marital satisfaction and children's depression and anxiety.

Method: In this study, 127 children, aged 11-15 answered the YSR questionnaire. Furthermore, one of their parents answered the CBCL (about their children's behavior), and also was assessed for marital satisfaction by Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale.

Result: Findings showed that both children's depressive symptoms and anxiety linked significantly to parent's level of marital satisfaction. Besides, regression analysis indicated that predictors such as marital satisfaction, relationship, conflict, and distortion as different dimensions of marital satisfaction predicted children's depression and anxiety considerably.

Conclusion: maritalsatis faction has a significant role in forming depression and anxiety in children.

P120- The Effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training for Decreasing Anxiety and Increasing Self - esteem in Female Adolescents

NargesFathiahmadsaraei1' GholamrezaManshaee2'KianoshAmini3' EftekharHamidi4

1. Ph.D student of Psychology, Isfahan Sciences and Researchbranch,Islamic A zad U niversity Isfahan , Iran

Address: shahroz,Abshar St ; Sciences and Research branch , Islamic A zad U niversity Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2. Assistanat Professor of Psychology,Isfahan Sciences and Research branch,Islamic Azad University Isfahan , Iran

3. Ph.D student of Psychology, Isfahan Sciences and Research branch , Islamic Azad University Isfahan , Iran

4. Ph.D student of Psychology, Isfahan Sciences and Research branch , Islamic Azad University Isfahan , Iran

E-mail address: [email protected]

Introduction: The Universal Health Institution reported that depression and anxiety Will become the second and the most expensive human diseases in 2020, especially in developing countries. Anxiety threatens individuals' mental health in the society and cause low self - esteem, withdrawal, and educational problems.

Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress inoculation training on decreasing anxiety and increasing self - esteem in female adolescents.

Method and Materials: The sample consisted of 40 adolescent girls aged 16+- 1.5 years selected through simple cluster sampling. The subjects were randomly divided in to two groups: 1- Experimental group with 20female adolescents, and 2 - control group with 20 female adolescents . The instruments for data collection were Cooper Smite inventory (CSI), and Catle Anxiety Scale (CAS). The experimental group received one 90 minute training session weekly for the period of 8 weeks, while no intervention was provided for the control group.

Results: The results of this study indicated that stress inoculation training decreased anxiety and increased self - esteem in female adolescents in the experimental group as compared with the control group(0/005).

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, stress inoculation training has a positive effect on decreasing anxiety and increasing self - esteem in female adolescents.

P121-Comparison of Social Skill of Students with Anxiety Disorder and Normal Students

Mahshidzaghian1 ,Sohila Safari1, Mahnaz Jadidi1

1.Student of MA. In Psychology of Children with Special Needs. University of Isfahan

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare social skills of students with anxiety disorder and normal students.

Materials and Methods: The research design was ex- post facto. The statistical population was the fifth grade primary school students in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 30 students with anxiety disorder and 30 normal students from the fifth grade primary school students in Isfahan. They were selected by multistage random cluster sampling method. The instrument of this research included Spielberger Inventory (STAL) and Gersham& Eliot social skill rating scale.

Results: The result showed a significant difference between the social skill rating in students with anxiety disorder and normal students.

Conclusion: Students with anxiety disorder have low social skills, and they should be provided with social skills training programs to improve their social skills.

P122- The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy (CBPT) on Darkness Phobiain4-6 Year Old Children: preliminary findings.

Peyman Rezaiemaram1 , Sima Noohi2,MaryamSaidi3

1.Corresponding Author :Baqiyatallah Hospital, Psychology Clinic, Tehran, Iran

2. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical University, Tehran, Iran

3.AllamehTabataba'i University, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Tehran, Iran

Introduction: Darkness phobiais one of the most common specific phobias that may arise throughout childhood development. However, there are few studies on the interventions of this condition. Behavioral Play Therapy (CBPT) is a developmentally sensitive treatment for young children (2.5 - 6 years old) that incorporates cognitive and behavioral interventions within a play therapy paradigm .Although there are evidences that are supportive of the effectiveness of play therapy in treatment of children with darkness phobia, no studies are available on effectiveness of CBPT among children with darkness phobia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a CBPT-oriented intervention on darkness phobia in 4- 6yearold children.

Method and Materials: This preliminary study used a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The sample (n= 16) was recruited from children with darkness phobia who referred to two community mental health centers in Tehran. Half of the subjects (n = 8) were randomly selected to participate in the experimental group, and the other half (η = 8) served as the wait-list control group. For pre - and post-treatment measurements, the Dark Fear Interview (DFI)and the Dark Fear Scale (DFS) were administered before and after therapy. Finally, analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) with the pre-treatment score was used as a covariate to assess therapeutic intervention effectiveness.

Results: Data analyses indicated a significant reduction in symptoms of darkness phobia in the experimental group compared to the control group(In DFI scores: F(ï 15) = 11.42, p< .01); (In DFS scores: F0,15)= 15.21, /K.01).

Conclusion: The findings confirm the effectiveness of CBPT in treatment of young children with darkness phobia. Accordingly, CBPT as a structured, goal- oriented and directive intervention can be a useful and practical method for treatment of childhood phobia such as darkness phobia. In this study, due to its preliminary nature, a small sample size was utilized. The authors, also, suggest examining the effectiveness of CBPT on other specific phobias.

P123- A Comparative Study of Self-Esteem and Mental Health of Students with Anxiety Disorder and Normal Students

MahshidZaghian1,Mahnaz Jadidi1, Soheila Safary1

1. Student of MA. In psychology Children with Special Needs, University of Isfahan

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare self- esteem and mental health of students with anxiety disorder and normal students.

Materials and Methods: The research design was ex- post facto. The statistical population included fifth grade primary students in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 30 students with anxiety disorder and 30 normal students selected from primary schools in Isfahan. They were selected by multistage random cluster sampling method. The instrument of this research included Spielberger Inventory (STAL),Kopper Smith Inventory (SEI) and Mental Health (GHQ-28) Rating Scale.

Results: Results showed a significant difference between self-esteem and mental health in students with anxiety disorder and normal students.

Conclusion: Students with anxiety disorder had low self-esteem and level of mental health. Therefore, training programs can be used to improve and increase self-esteem and mental health in students with anxiety disorder.

P124- The explanation Variance of Social Anxiety Based on Self-esteem, Aggression andShyness in Adolescents

FatemeKhazaee 01

1. Corresponding author: Μ .A in clinical psychology, shaheduniv. Dr. Mohammad Reza Shairi, Assistant professor ,shaheduniv. Dr.Mohammad Reza Jalali, Assistant professor, Qazvin univ.

EMail address: [email protected]

Introduction: Although the definition of SAD highlights fear as a main criterion in social anxiety, studies have supported the linkage between self- esteem, shyness and aggression in social phobia. Despite favorable data regarding onset of SAD in adolescence, data regarding the relationship between SAD, shyness, self-esteem and aggression in adolescents are limited.

Aim: The aim of the present research was to determine the simple and multiple relationships between SAD, shyness, self-esteem and aggression in adolescents.

Method: A sample of 311 high school students of Tehran was selected by cluster sampling. All participants were from 1, 2, 6, 13 and 16 educational zones. The participants completed the following questionnaires: social anxiety, self-esteem, aggression and shyness. Data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis.

Results: The results revealed significant correlations between SAD, shyness, self-esteem and aggression. The multiple regression analysis showed that self- esteem, aggression and shyness were the best predictors for SAD.

Conclusion: The role of self-Esteem, aggression and shyness in SAD are discussed.

P125- Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Test Anxiety of High School Freshmen Male Students

Mojtabaie, Mina1, Fathi Mohammad2

1. Mina Mojtabaie (Ph.d) Assistant Professor of Islamic Azad University ofRoudehen

2. Mohammad Fathi MA in Clinical Psychology from Islamic Azad University ofRoudehen

*Email: [email protected].

Email: mojtabaie _in@yahoo. com

Introduction: Test anxiety is an agitation or apprehension before, during and after taking a test, and it is associated with worry and fear. Almost everyone has experienced some degrees of anxiety.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing students' anxiety.

Method and Materials: This was a quasi- experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group and follow up. The statistical population consisted of all high school freshmen male students in Qeshm Island. Two high schools were randomly selected and Abolghasemi's (1996) Test Anxiety Inventory was completed by students as a pretest a week before the mid-term exams. After clinical interview, 38 students were diagnosed as having anxiety. The students were assigned randomly in to two groups of experimental and control each of which consisting of 19 students. Then, Cognitive-Behavior Therapy was performed to reduce test anxiety for 7 sessions for the experimental group. Finally, in posttest, once again the Test Anxiety Inventory was completed by the groups a week before the final exams. At the follow up stage, Test Anxiety Inventory was completed again by the students after 3 months as a posttest.

Results: Data were analyzed by the test of repeated measurement analysis of variance. The results showed a significant reduction of test anxiety in experimental group, and also in the follow up stage. Conclusion: Cognitive-Behavior Therapy is effective in reducing test anxiety.

P126- Effectiveness of Meta-Cognitive Therapy in Reducing Social Phobia Symptoms and Anxiety in Adolescents with Social Phobia Disorder (Case report)

Sarvin, Ansar Hosien1 Farnaz, FarshbafManeiSefat1

1.Corresponding Author: Psychologist, A.M., University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Meta-cognitive therapy is based on the importance of understanding cognition processing and conscious experiences that are produced by this process.

Objective: This research has been done with the purpose of determining the effectiveness of Meta- Cognitive Therapy on symptoms of social phobia and anxiety in adolescents with social phobia disorder.

Methods: This was a single case study with multiple- baselines and one month follow-up period. In this research, one adolescent with social phobia disorder received 8 sessions of Meta-Cognitive Therapy. Symptoms of anxiety and social phobia were assessed between sessions and after one month. Beck Anxiety and Social Phobia questionnaires were used in this study. For data analysis, visual analysis and percent of improvement methods were used.

Results: At the end of the therapy, percent of improvement for regular reduction of symptoms of phobia and anxiety were 57% and 62% respectively. Also, the clinical significant maintained in the follow up period.

Conclusion: Meta-Cognitive Therapy may be effective in reducing social phobia symptoms and anxiety in adolescents with social phobia disorder.

P127- The Relationship between Eysenk Characteristic Model (neuroticism, psychotics and extroversion), and Test Anxiety and Self-efficiency in High School Female Students

Khodamoradmomeni, Hosseinhosseini, alizakeiey

1 Assistant professor of psychology, Razi university, Kermanshah

2 M. A. students of Psychology, Razi university, Kermanshah

Objective: Human behavior is generally affected by characteristic, so test anxiety and self-efficiency as two important training aspects are not detached from this general rule. The present study investigates the relationship between Eysenk characteristic model (neuroticism, psychotics, and extroversion), and test anxiety and self-efficiency in high school female students.

Method: Two hundred senior high school students in Kermanshah were selected as samples. The samples were selected through clustered multi-level sampling. Eysenk Characteristics Questionnaires for Teenagers and Self-motivated Strategies for Learning were used as data collection instruments. This was a descriptive- correlational study. Correlative statistic indices and regression with SPSS 19 were used to analyze the data.

Result: The results of this research revealed a positive and meaningful correlation between neuroticism and test anxiety. (r=0.33) However, no meaningful relation was found between psychotic and extroverting and test anxiety. The result of regression analysis revealed that neuroticism decreased the ability to predict test anxiety. The results of regression analysis also revealed that neuroticism decreased the ability to predict test anxiety. Furthermore, meaningful correlations were observed between psychotics and extroversion with self-efficiency which were 20% and 26%, respectively, but neuroticism dis not have a meaningful relationship with self-efficiency. The results of regression analysis showed that psychotics and extroversion could predict self-efficiency.

Conclusion: Based on the finding of the current research, it can be concluded that there was a relationship between personality characteristic of neuroticism and test anxiety in teenage girls; that is, the more neuroticisticthe person is, the more anxious s/he will be in a testing situation. On the other hand, personality characteristic of neuroticism did not have a meaningful relationship with self-efficiency, but the psychotic characteristics had a negative relationship with self-efficiency; that is, the more psychotic the person is, the less self-efficient he will be. There was also a positive relationship between extroversion and self-efficiency.

P128- Compression of Behavioral Restraint in Families of Children with & without Anxiety

Zahedehrahmanian, MA1*

1. Corresponding author: MA in clinical psychology, Lecturer, Humanities department, psychology group, Payam-e-Noor Jahrom University, Jahrom, Fars, Iran.

*E-mail: [email protected]

Introduction: Family is the first context in which children come to feet, and because of power of parents on children, and children reliance on parents to solve problems and provide care, family well-being strongly affects individual health.

Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare behavioral restraint in families of children with & without anxiety.

Method: One hundred six cases were selected from all the elementary school boy students of fourth and fifth grade in Jahrom through cluster sampling. Then, Family Action test and Spence Anxiety scale were administrated.

Results: The statistical analysis of t-test showed a difference between behavioral restraint in families of children with and without social anxiety and obsessive- compulsive disorder by 99% confidence and panic disorder by 95% confidence. However, no difference was found between behavioral restraint of families of children with and without total anxiety, separation anxiety, physical phobia and general anxiety by 5% error.

Conclusion: Based on the study findings, behavioral restraint in the family must be one of the factors of etiology in children with obsessive-compulsive, social anxiety and panic disorders.

P129- The Relationship between Depression and Premenstrual Hot Flash inFemale Adolescents in Mashhadin 2010-2011

Soheila Mohamadirizi1 , MasoumehKordi2

1. Corresponding author: Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

2. Faculty of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

* Email:mohamadirizi@yahoo. com

Objective: Premenstrual Symptom is one of the most common menstrual disorders in adolescence. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depression and premenstrual hot flash in female students.

Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 407 high school female student selected by two stage sampling method(cluster- convenience). After being informed about the purpose of the study, the participants completed the Demographic/Family, Standard Questionnaires, and Depression and Menstrual Distress Questionnaire related to 3 menstrual phase(one week before-duration- one week after). SPSS version 14 was used to conduct statistical tests such as independent t-student, ANOVA, correlations and linear regressions for data analysis.

Results: The results demonstrated that 43.5% of the subjects were 17-19(yr), 66.3% had BMI of 18.5- 25(kg/m2),36.6% had physical activity and 83.2% were passive smokers. Of the students, 18.7% had mild, 11.3% moderate and 24.3% had severe depression, 35% had premenstrual,44% during and 25% postmenstrual hot flash; of whom, 17% had severe, 23% moderate and 60% mild hot flash. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between depression and premenstrual hot flash (p=0.001, p=0.017).

Conclusion: Considering the results of the study and high rate of depression and hot flashing during the three phases of the menstrual cycle in female, it is recommended that training classes be provided in high schools by counselors and school officials to promote mental health of adolescent girls.

P130- The Relation between Achievement Goal Orientation and Test Anxiety

HanzalehMosavi, M.A in educational psychology The Education Organization of Fars Province, Shiraz, Iran.

* Email: [email protected]

Objective: Test anxiety can be described as physiological, cognitive, and emotional responses caused by stress experienced during administration of tests. Test anxiety reduces students' academic achievement, life quality and inner motivation. Therefore, determining students' test anxiety is very important for teaching and learning activities. The relationship between test anxiety and achievement goal orientation has been well documented in the literature.

Methods: The sample composed of 240 male students in Shiraz who were selected via multistage cluster sampling procedure. In this study, data were collected by a Test Anxiety Scale, and Academic Goal Orientation Questionnaire.

Results: Findings demonstrated a correlation among research variables. There was a correlation between achievement goal orientation and test anxiety. Also, the dimensions of achievement goal orientation (mastery goal orientation, performance goal orientation, and avoidance goal orientation) mastery and performance approach asnegative and performance avoidance asas positive predicted test anxiety.

Conclusion: Failure to achieve academic goals may be the stress factor that creates a proclivity for anxiety, especially if the failure is long lasting. By pursuing achievement goal orientation, students attempt to gain a sense of meaning, purpose, and direction while developing at the same time. Applications, implications and some suggestions for further studies are presented.

P131-Effect of Demographic Variables on Children Anxiety

Ali Mashhadi1, Fatemeh Mirdoraghi 2, Batol Bahrami3, Reza Soltani Shat

1.Assistant Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2. Corresponding author: Master of General Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3Master of General Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

4.Ph.D Student of General Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

* Email: [email protected]

Introduction: In the last decade, the prevalence of anxiety disorders has increased in children. Most of studies had surveyed the prevalence of these disorders symptoms in children and adolescents. However, there are few studies on factors influencing the expression and intensity of these disorders.

Objective: Our aim in this study was to investigate the effects of demographic variables on children anxiety.

Method: In this descriptive- comparative study, using multistage cluster sampling, 507 students were selected from 92249 students of third, fourth and fifth grade of public elementary schools in Mashhad Multidimensional anxiety scale for children (MASC) and demographic characteristics questionnaires were used.

Results: The MANOVA test showed that the effect of gender on anxiety is significant (p<0/001). Also, results demonstrated a significant difference in scores of physical symptoms, social anxiety and avoidance of harm between girls and boys. Except for the avoidance of harm component, boys' scores were higher than girls in other components. The MANOVA test showed that the effect of grade on anxiety is significant (p<0/05). Furthermore, between the three grades of students, a significant difference was found only in the avoidance of harm component in which fourth and fifth grade students' scores were higher than the scores of third grade students.

Conclusion: Results showed that demographic variables have an effect on children's anxiety. For example: by increase in age and cognitive development, children develop more understanding of risky situations and try to avoid them. Therefore, they experience more worry and anxiety. Overall, the results of this study suggest that considering such variables as gender and age of children will facilitate diagnosis and treatment for therapists and counselors.

P132-The Effectiveness Of Metacognitive Group Therapy In The Treatment Of Social Anxiety Disorder In Adolescents

Sadeghpoor A1, Yazdanbakhsh K2, Ravshan R3, Mahmoodi M1,

1. Department of psychology, Azad University of Kermanshah, Iran

2. Department of psychology, RaziUniversity of Kermanshah, Iran

3. Department of psychology, ShahedUniversity of Kermanshah, Iran

Social anxiety is a type of anxiety disorder which is the result of severe and chronic fear of being negatively evaluated by others in social situations, and is a debilitating disorder that can disrupt many aspects of the persons life. The present study, examined the impact of the metacognitive model on incompatible ways of negative thinking or negative beliefs in adolescents with social anxiety. In this semi- experimental study, with pretest - posttest and control group, 22 individuals were selected using accessible sampling. Patients who referred to psychological clinics in East Tehran were selected randomly and divided in to 11 control and experimental groups. After the pre-test questionnaire performance, both groups were evaluated by Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SPIN) and Metacognitive Questionnaire. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of metacognitive group therapy and the control group did not receive any intervention. Then, the re-test of both groups was performed with the same tools. Results of data analysis using covariance analysis showed that the difference in scores between the two groups was statistically significant in overall social anxiety. Meta cognitive group therapy had a significant effect in reducing the metacognitive beliefs.

P133- Effect of Training of Coping with Anxiety on Anxiety of Ahvaz Pre- university Female Students

Forogh Riahi1 (M.D) ,Nilofar Khajeddin2 (M.D), sakinehizadi- Mazidi3

1. Child and adolescent psychiatrist, assistant Prof of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Ahvaz, Iran

2.Corresponding author .'Psychiatrist, assistant Prof, of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

3. Clinical psychologist

*EMAIL: riahi [email protected]

Introduction: Anxiety is one of the most popular psychiatric disorders in adolescence.

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of training of coping with anxiety on anxiety of Ahvaz pre- university female students.

Method and Materials: The sample of this research consisted of twenty pre- university female students in Ahvaz who had high level of anxiety in structured diagnostic interview. The students participated in anxiety management training workshop. The Cattell Anxiety Questionnaire was completed by the subjects in three stages of pretest, posttest, and follow up by participants. Data were analyzed using repeated measures test.

Results: The results demonstrated that scores of anxiety did not significantly differ in post-test stage, but there was a significant decrease in scores of anxiety in the follow up stage.

Conclusion: Training of coping with anxiety could be effective in decreasing anxiety of students.

P134- The Relation between Anxiety, Sensitivity and Family Protective Factors

Rozita Heidari1

IMA. in Clinical Psychology, Shiraz University

*Email: Rozita. heidari@ymail. com

Introduction: Family studies have consistently reported a large overlap between anxiety disorders in family members. Anxiety sensitivity is the belief that the experience of anxiety or anxiety-related bodily sensations such as increased heart rate, trembling, and derealization have negative social, psychological, or physical consequences. The current study aims to investigate the relation between anxiety sensitivity and family protective factors in a sample of high school male students.

Methods: A sample of 200 male high school students in Shiraz was selected via multistage cluster sampling procedure. All participants completed the Anxiety Sensitivity for Adolescents Scale and Family Protective Factors Questionnaire.

Results: The results revealed a significant correlation between the anxiety sensitivity and family protective factors. Also, the dimensions of family protective factors (supportive environment, compensating experience, fewer stressors, and adaptable personality) supportive environment, fewer stressors and adaptable personality predicted anxiety sensitivity.

Conclusion: Current models of anxiety development in adolescents emphasize the transactional nature of constitutional (e.g., genetics, temperament, cognitive biases) and psychosocial (e.g., attachment, parent- child interactions, life experiences) variables associated with anxiety. The protective factors are assets that person use to maintain his/her equilibrium while overcoming, adapting to, or reducing the impact of stressors with which they are faced. However, individuals who are weaker in utilizing the protective factors are more likely to experience a situation intensely, and may not be able to functionally deal with a stressful situation. Furthermore, these protective factors can be learned or encouraged across the lifespan.

P135- The Relationship between Marital Satisfaction's Dimensions and Children's Anxiety and Depression

Atoosa Daniali1 , MajidAlamy1

1 .Department of psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

*Email: atuosa_daniali@yahoo. com

Introduction: Marital satisfaction is an important antecedent in the development of children's well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relation between marital satisfaction and children's depression and anxiety.

Method: One hundred twenty seven children, aged 11- 15were asked to answer the YSR questionnaire. Furthermore, one of the parents answered the CBCL (about their children's behavior) and was also assessed for marital satisfaction by Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale.

Result: Findings of the study revealed that both children's depressive symptoms and anxiety were significantly linked to parents' level of marital satisfaction. Further, regression analysis indicated that such predictors as marital satisfaction, relationship, conflict, and distortion as different dimensions of marital satisfaction predicted children's depression and anxiety considerably.

Conclusion: Marital satisfaction has a significant role in developing depression and anxiety in children.

P136-The Effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training on Decreasing Test Anxiety of 10- 11 Years Old Girls

Laleh Babanazari1, Zahra Nikseresht2

1.PhD of psychology, Fars education organization

2. Far s education organization

*'E-mail address: [email protected]

Introduction: Children experience test-related anxiety to such a degree that it can lead to poor performance and interfere with their learning.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to investigate the efficiency of stress inoculation training on decreasing test anxiety in 10 -11 year old girls in Farashband.

Method and Materials: Fourth and ffifth grade primary school students of Farashband completed Sarason Test Anxiety Questionnaire. Then, 36 students who were suspected to have test anxiety were randomly assigned in to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 6 sessions of stress inoculation training, but the control group received no treatment.

Results: The results of data analysis (ANCOVA) revealed that receiving stress inoculation training significantly decreased test anxiety in the experimental group.

Conclusion: Stress inoculation training decreases test anxiety in 10 -11 year old girls.

P137- The Relationships between Attachment Styles and Body Image with Social Anxiety in Adolescents

FatemehRashidipoor

Introduction: The present study intends to explore the relationship between attachment style and body image on one hand and social anxiety on the other hand in adolescents.

Method: The sample consisted of 305 high school girls of region 20 in Tehran who were selected by cluster random sampling. The subjects were asked to respond to Social Phobia Inventory, Adult Attachment Style, and Multi-Dimensional Body Self -relational Questionnaires.

Results: The results indicated a significant correlation among both antecedent variables and social anxiety. In addition, multiple regression analysis revealed that secure attachment style and body image can significantly predict social anxiety. Among all the variables studied, body image was the one which played the most important role in predicting social anxiety.

Conclusion: The findings can be helpful in both preventing and treating social anxiety disorder. By applying different therapies based on attachment style and body image, therapists can take an important step to treat the mentioned chronic disorder. Besides the interference, the findings can also be helpful in prevention of social anxiety.

P138- The Comparison of Self-image and Family Efficiency between Students with Self-injury Behavior and Normal Students

Asghar Jafari1 , Masumeh Ghasemipour2, Masumeh Hejranishad3

1. Corresponding Author: Child& family Psychology, PhD, Department of Counseling, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran

2. Counseling, MA, Department of Counseling, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran

3.Counseling, MA, Department of Counseling, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran

*Email: Dr asgharjafari@yahoo. com

Objective: Self-injury is a severe psychological disorder that an individual voluntarily commit to injure him/her self. In addition to environmental stimuli, the backgrounds of psychological development, especially family efficiency and individual conceptions to self, are the most important of antecedent factors for self- injury behavior. Increasing the prevalence of self- injury in students and designing programs to provide preventive services necessitated the study of antecedent factors. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to comprise self-image and family efficiency in students with self-injury and normal students.

Methods: Sample size was 60 female students who were selected by multiple cluster sampling through students of different majors in Abhar Islamic University in 2011-2012. Using ex-post facto methodology, data were collected by the questionnaires of Self-image, Family Efficiency and Self-injury, and analyzed by t- test.

Results: Research findings indicated a significant difference between the components of self-image and family efficiency in students with self-injury and normal students. Students with self-injury had negative and ineffective self- images. Also, research findings showed that the scales of family efficiency in students with self-injury were lower than normal students.

Conclusion: The results of the research provide some evidence to suggest that students with self- injury have ineffective self- images and low family efficiency. Therefore, it can be concluded that ineffective self- images and low family efficiency explain self-injury behaviors in students.

P139- The Epidemiological Study of Influential Factors on Suicide Behaviors in Khuzestan Province during2010-2011

Reza Davasaz Irani*, Ashraf Tashakori**, Forough Riyahi***, AhmadHajebi

*MPH, director of department of Mental Health, Deputy of Health, Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Email: davasazirani @yahoo. com

***Psychiacristof Children and A dolescents at Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences

** Head of Mental Health Sector, Iranian Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: There are several factors effecting suicide behaviors, and understanding these factors may provide a proper background for preventive interventions against suicide. Numerous studies have been conducted to define and calculate epidemiological indicators of suicide; however, there are limited numbers of researches about suicide behaviors of children and adolescents in Iran.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influential factors of suicide behaviors in adolescents underl8 years old in Khuzestan province, and to determine some of the background variables.

Methods: This was a descriptive study with retrospective approach. Subjects of this study were cases who registered in a network information system of suicide and related behaviors in Khuzestan province over two years. To collect data, we used ministry questioner of suicide cases registration. To analyze data, descriptive statistics was applied.

Results: Eight hundred twenty seven cases of suicide behaviors were registered in cities of Khuzestan province; off which, 789 attempted suicide and 38 died after committing suicide. The suicide rate leading to death in adolescents underl8years old was 2.5 in 100/000 in Khuzestan province. Furthermore, it was revealed that suicide attempts differ based on sex of the cases: there was 257 cases of suicide (32.6%) in boys and 532 cases (67.4%) in girls. The least age attempted to suicide was 9 and the most common way of committing suicide was medication poisoning. The most common reasons and factors to commit suicide and frequent attempting of suicide were related to family problems and educational failures respectively.

Conclusion: To prevent suicide in children and adolescents, it is fundamental to establish proper family relationships. Also, appropriate educational plans should be designed to provide life skills training to pupils and their families.

P140- Suicide in Adolescents

FarshidShamsaei 1, Ali Mohamadi2

1. Corresponding author: Assistant professor of Nursing, Research institute of behavioral disorders & substances abuse, Hamadan University of Medical sciences, Hamadan/Iran

2. Master of Criminal Law and C riminology, Hamadan/Iran

Email: shamsaei68@umsha. ac. ir

Introduction: Suicide in adolescents has been identified as a serious public health problem worldwide. Although the rates vary among different countries, suicide is currently one of the top three causes of death for adolescents 15-19 years old and Suicide has increased in prevalence in younger children as well- it is the 4th leading cause of death in the 10 to 14 year old age group.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the literature that has assessed suicide and its preventive methods in adolescents.

Method: A literature search was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, Ovid, and Psych Info over the last 30 years.

Results: Each year in the U.S., thousands of teenagers commit suicide. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15-to-24-year-olds, and the sixth leading cause of death for 5-to-14-year-olds. Suicide attempts are relatively common among adolescents. A recent international systematic review of population-based studies has indicated that a mean proportion of 9.7% of adolescents attempted suicide at some point in their lives. In addition, the ratio of suicide attempts to completed suicides among adolescents is estimated to be 50:1 to 100:1.

Conclusion: Early identification and intervention of suicide attempts is of great importance to prevent youth suicide. All adolescents who attempt suicide need a comprehensive outpatient treatment plan before discharge. Specific plans are needed because compliance with outpatient therapy is often poor. Suicidal feelings are treatable mental disorders. The child or adolescent needs to have his or her illness recognized and diagnosed, and appropriate treatment plans needs to be developed.

P141- The Epidemiological Study of Influential Factors on Suicide Behaviors in Khuzestan Province during2010-2011

Reza Davasaz Irani*, Ashraf Tashakori**, Forough Riyahi***, AhmadHajebi

*MPH, director of department of Mental Health, Deputy of Health, Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Email: davasazirani @yahoo. com

***Psychiacristof Children and Adolescents at Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences

** Head of Mental Health Sector, Iranian Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: There are several factors effecting suicide behaviors, and understanding these factors may provide a proper background for preventive interventions against suicide. Numerous studies have been conducted to define and calculate epidemiological indicators of suicide; however, there are limited numbers of researches about suicide behaviors of children and adolescents in Iran.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influential factors of suicide behaviors in adolescents underl8 years old in Khuzestan province, and to determine some of the background variables.

Methods: This was a descriptive study with retrospective approach. Subjects of this study were cases who registered in a network information system of suicide and related behaviors in Khuzestan province over two years. To collect data, we used ministry questioner of suicide cases registration. To analyze data, descriptive statistics was applied.

Results: Eight hundred twenty seven cases of suicide behaviors were registered in cities of Khuzestan province; off which, 789 attempted suicide and 38 died after committing suicide. The suicide rate leading to death in adolescents underl8years old was 2.5 in 100/000 in Khuzestan province. Furthermore, it was revealed that suicide attempts differ based on sex of the cases: there was 257 cases of suicide (32.6%) in boys and 532 cases (67.4%) in girls. The least age attempted to suicide was 9 and the most common way of committing suicide was medication poisoning. The most common reasons and factors to commit suicide and frequent attempting of suicide were related to family problems and educational failures respectively.

Conclusion: To prevent suicide in children and adolescents, it is fundamental to establish proper family relationships. Also, appropriate educational plans should be designed to provide life skills training to pupils and their families.

P142-Effectiveness of Semantic Aspect of Language on Reading Comprehension in a 4-Year-Old Autistic Child with Hyperlexia

Atusa Rabiee, MS1 , Zahra Shahrivar, MD2

1.Corresponding author : Speech Therapy Section, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2. Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Hyperlexia is a super ability demonstrated by a very specific group of individuals with developmental disorders. This term is used to describe those children who despite the problems in language, cognitive and social skills, have high ability in word recognition but low reading comprehension skills.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of improving the semantic aspect of language (increase understanding and expression vocabulary) on reading comprehension in an autistic child with hyperlexia.

Methods: The subject was an autistic child with hyperlexia. At the beginning of this study, he was 3 years and 11 months old. He could read, but his reading comprehension was low. Understanding and expression of 160 words was taught to the child in 12 therapy sessions. During this period, the written form of words was eliminated. Then, words were assessed and reading comprehension was also evaluated for words that the child could understand and express

Results: Reading comprehension was improved for words that the child could understand.

Conclusion: In this study, it was found that improving the semantic aspect of language (understanding and expression of vocabulary) increases reading comprehension of written words.

P143- Effect of Group Play Therapy on Social Development of Autistic Children of Ahvaz Behesht Center

Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmandl, Sadrollah Naderi darehshory2, yadolah zargar3, farideh nargesi2

1. Corresponding author: PHD of Psychology, Professor of Psychology Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

2. MA of Clinical Psychology, Psychology Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

3. PHD of Psychology, Assistant Professor of Psychology Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Email: m_mehrabizadeh@yahoo. com

Introduction: The autistic disorder is defined by specific diagnostic criteria, specified in DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Individuals with autism present a broad spectrum of difficulties and abilities, and vary enormously in their levels of overall intellectual functioning.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group play therapy on social development of autistic children of Ahvaz Behesht Center.

Methods: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group play therapy on social development of autistic children of Ahvaz Behesht Center.

Results: The results of this study revealed that play therapy increased social development in the experimental group compared to the control Group (p<0/05).

Conclusion: Based upon these findings it can be concluded that group play therapy improves social development of autistic children.

P144- A Survey on the Effects of Sensory Over- Responsivity on Social Maturity of Autistic Children

MahdisMaghsudloo1 , MahbubeAbbasian2, EbrahimPishyare3 ,RoghiehHatami4

1. Corresponding author: MA in Psychology, Department of Psychology, TarbiatModares University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2. MA in Psychology, Department of Psychology,Alzahra University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3.Phdin Neuroscience, Department ofOccupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

4.MA in Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders comprise a complex set of related developmental disorders that are characterized by impairments in communication, repetitive behaviors and sensory processing.

Objective: Sensory over-responsively can negatively affect developmental and functional abilities in behavioral, emotional, motoric, and cognitive domains. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between sensory over-responsively on social maturity of autistic children.

Methods: This was a descriptive study. The sample included 38 autistic children who were selected with convenience sampling. Their parents filled out Sensory Over-responsively Questionnaire and Vineland Social Maturity Scale, data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and regression analysis.

Results: Correlation results indicated a significant relationship between sensory over- responsivity with social maturity(R<-0/46, P=0/01). Regression analysis also revealed that Tactile and movement subtypes of over responsivity can predict social maturity (p<0/05).

Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that early sensory interventions can have positive effects on social maturity symptoms, so early sensory intervention could be effective in treating some symptoms of autism.

P145- Level of Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life on Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at Shafa Hospital in 2010-2011

Maryam Kousha1 - Hoda Alizadeh Attar1

1. Corresponding Author:Department of psychiatry, Shafa hospital, faculty of medicine, Guilan University of medical sciences, Rasht, Guilan.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders are series of severe developmental disorders with social communicative and cognitive impairments. Symptoms usually start from the first year of life and continue through one's lifetime. Most patients need lifetime intensive care. While Parents of these patients play a major role in their treatment they are at high risks of depression and anxiety.

Objective: Considering the growing number of diagnosed disorders and lack of knowledge about this disorder in our society, we decided to survey the score of quality of life, depression and anxiety levels in mothers with children suffering from ASD.

Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was done on 127 mothers with children suffering from ASD. Diagnosis was made by a child psychiatrist through clinical interviews with children based on DSM IV- TR standards. Demographic questionnaire contained mother's age and education, age and gender of the child, and the time passed since diagnosis of ASD in the child. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was given to mothers.

Results: The most important discovery of this survey was the large number of mothers with high levels of depression and anxiety. Thus, 2.3 of mothers showed some levels of anxiety and half of them suffered from depression. Also, score of life quality in these mothers were lower than the average score of our country's public society of women. The average numbers of 12.7, 12.6, 12.3, and 12.9 for mental, social, environmental and physical health. There was a strong connection between the increasing age of the child, time passed since the diagnosis and the severity of mothers' depression, and also reduction of quality of life scores in mothers.

Conclusion: Depression, anxiety and loss of quality of life in mothers with children suffering from ASD are more common than other mothers in the society. This signifies the importance of paying proper attention to these mothers, diagnosing and treating their problems in widespread child and family health planning.

P146- Investigation of Co morbid Disorders Profile Of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders Based On Teacher Report Form(TRF)

Ali Mashhadi1 , Atefeh Soltanifar2, Ν afeeseh Rashidrigi3

1. Corresponding author: Assistant professor of psychology,Fer dow si University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Assistant professor of psychiatry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,Mashhad,Iran.

3.Msc, Clinical psychology, Mashhad, Iran

*Email: [email protected]

Objective: The purpose of this research was the comparative examination of behavior profile between children with ASD and normal children.

Methods: The statistical populations of this research were 30 children with ASD (aged 6-18 years) and 30 age-matched normal children in Mashhad. All children were selected by convenience sampling. Behavioral profile was compared using Teacher Report Form(TRF).Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

Results: Findings showed a significant difference between the behavior profile of the children with ASD and normal children. Also, children with ASD had more Withdrawn/ depression, Somatic Complaints, Social Problems, Thought Problems, Attention Problem, Delinquent Behavior, Aggressive Behavior, Affective Problems, ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder & Somatic Problems compared to normal children.

Conclusion: The results of this research confirmed the comorbidity disorders in ASD children from parents' view point, and showed that Teacher Report Form(TRF) can be effective in identifying ASD children and comorbidity disorders.

P147- Behavioral Feeding Problems in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Mohammad Rezaei1 , Vahid Rashedi2, Gohar Lotfi 3

1. Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Hamedan, Iran

2. Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Hamedan, Iran

3. Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

Email: m_r_st@yahoo. com

Introduction: Feeding and mealtime behavior problems are an area of concern for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) because of their impact on daily functioning, as well as the potential for causing severe medical conditions and even death.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the behavioral feeding problems in autistic children.

Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 30 individuals with autism who referred to speech and language pathology clinic were included using random sampling. Screening test for feeding problems was used to collect data.

Results: Results revealed that 66.66% of subjects were involved with behavioral feeding problems. The results also demonstrated that food stealing (53.33%) are most prevalent, and continuing to eat as long as food is available (26.66) are less prevalent among the subjects.

Conclusion: Findings indicate that behavioral feeding problems were prevalent in autistic children. These problems will be treated by opportune identification. Intervention services may not only affect the quality of life of autistic individuals, but may also have potential to prevent further eating problems.

P148- Title: The Effect of Play Therapy on Communication Skills of Autistic Children

Akhavan, Behrouz1 *.Pishyareh, Ebrahim2 .Robubi, Hossein3.

1. Corresponding author: Clinical Psychology, B.S., Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2.Cognitive Neuroscience, PhD , Department of occupational therapy, The university of social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3.Occupational Therapist, B.S. , Department of occupational therapy, The university of social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Emaihbehrouz. akhavan@gmail. com

Introduction: Disturbances of social function, especially in initiation and communication with others have been proposed as the main problems of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Most of the studies have confirmed that autistic children do not pay attention to "social cues", and are unable to make and maintain eye contact, cannot accomplish their favorite functions, fail to understand others' expectations, have weak imitative pattern and do not participate in games.

Objective: The aim of this study was to find clinical and practical solutions on how to initiate and start a communication with ASDs children in order to develop strategies for improving their social skills which are based on rehabilitation interventions.

Method: In this study, 20 children aged 4 to 7 with ASDs participated in the play therapy sessions for 2 months. The approach of this study was based on Dunn's Model of Sensory Processing and adopted with free playing sessions. The results were evaluated with CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist) before and after intervention.

Result: After 2 months of participation in the play therapy sessions, children demonstrated significant differences in behavior patterns and appropriate social skills indexes.(p=0.05)

Conclusion: The applications of play therapy methods with focus on improving communication skills may develop the behavioral capabilities and reduce misappropriate behavioral patterns in ASD children.

P149- A Survey on the Effectiveness of Stress Management Training with Group Therapy Approach on Quality of Life and its Dimensions in Mothers of Autistic Children

Zeinabdareshouri mohammadi1 , nooreh tahmasbipoor2, Robab Daghagheleh3

1. CorrespondingAuthor:MA of clinical psychology, Department of clinical psychology, Islamic Azad university Fars science and r esearch branch, Shiraz, Iran.

2. BS student of Speech-Language Pathology, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation science, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

3. MA of counseling, operation administer counseling, center counseling and ps ychological, AhvazeJundishapur university of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.

Email: [email protected].

Introduction: Parenting a child diagnosed with autism is a unique experience due to the communication impairments, stereotyped interests, abnormal affect, repetitive behaviors and many other behaviors associated with this disorder. These anomalous characteristics often interfere with daily activities, restrict social life, and increase the stress of both parents and the autistic child. The mentioned factors influence quality of life in mothers of autistic children.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management training with group therapy approach on quality of life of mothers with autistic children.

Method and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and post test. The convenience sampling included 24 mothers of autistic children who were randomly divided into two 12-person, experimental and control groups. The research instruments used were as follows: Gilliam Autism Rating Scale, Quality of Life Inventory, and Demographical Scale. The experimental group was provided with 2 hours of stress management training daily in 8 sessions on a weekly basis. Then, they were again assessed by the Quality of Life questionnaires. The collected data were evaluated by covariance and were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: The result of covariance analysis indicated that stress management training with group therapy approach has a significant effect on quality of life (Ρ < 0/095) and its dimensions (physical health (p < 0/072), mental health (p <0/22) , social relationship (ρ < 0/329), but has no significant effect on the environmental health of mothers of autistic children.

Conclusion: Family education such as stress management training is needed to improve quality of life in mothers of autistic children.

P150- Comparing Parents of Children with Autism, and Mental Retardation with Parents of Healthy Children on Coping Strategies, Parenting Stress, and Family Functioning

Mohsen Dehghani1, Nasrin Esmailian2, Marjan Hasanvand2

1. Corresponding author: PhD, Clinical Psychologist, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2. M.A., Family therapist, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Having a child is one of the most enjoyments that couples anticipate from the time they marry. However, some of the parents enter into a long lasting pain when face the fact that their child is suffering from a pervasive deficiency that is diagnosed as irreversible and untreatable such as mental retardation and/or autism. Research shows that these parents not only should struggle with having such a demanding child, but also suffer a caring burden. This burden maximizes their stress, so helpful strategies to support these parents should be developed.

Objective: The main objective of this research was to compare three groups of parents including parents of autistics (n=30), mentally retarded (n=28), and non- patients (n=51).

Method: All participants were approached and informed of the research purpose and accepted to participate in the study. Measures of Coping Responses Index (CRI), Parenting Stress Index (PSI), and Family Assessment Device (FAD) were completed by participants, they also filled out a demographic questionnaire.

Results: The results of MANOVA indicated that parents of autistics scored significantly higher than parents of mentally retarded and healthy children on subscales of roles on the FAD (F (2,107)= 3.97; p<.05). Also, parents of autistics scored significantly higher than parents of mentally retarded and healthy children on physical coping on the CRI (F (2,107) = 18.01; p<05). The results also showed that among the three groups, parents of autistics reported most parenting stress. Parents of mentally retarded children scored significantly higher than controls on parenting stress index(F (2,107) =14.8; p<05).

Conclusion: It is argued that parents of chronically ill children may suffer from a range of short comings at all aspects of life. This study indicates that these shortcomings seem to be more specific, and their needs should be identified more specifically, and supportive programs should be designed accordingly.

P151- Effects of Massage and Music Composition on the Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in an Autistic boy: review of single case

ElhamShafieefar, MD1, FarangisKazemi, Ph D2, ElhamTavakoliTarghi ,MD3

1 .Corresponding author: Department of Psycho logyof Exceptional ChildrenAllamehTabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

2.Faculty member of AllamehTabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

3.Department of Psychologyof Exceptional Children Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

Email: eshafieefar@yahoo. com

Introduction: Autonomic nervous system consists of two parts: sympathetic and parasympathetic .Heart rate and blood pressure are two physiological activities that are communicating with autonomic nervous system. Previous researches have shown that massage therapy decreases HR and BP. Sedative music is an effective way to decrease HR and BP as well. In fact, it decreases activity of sympathetic nervous system. Hyperactive sympathetic nervous system is seen in Autism, and children with ASD may use self- stimulatory behavior to control malfunctioning of autonomic nervous system.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate music and massage combination on the sympathetic nervous system activity in Autistic people.

Method: The research's method was a single subject design, and we used the AB design. A 15- year old autistic boy was selected by DSM - IV diagnostic checklist. His blood pressure and heart rate were measured for 3 days by his parents and the baseline was drawn. Then massage chair that combined music and massage were provided for the subject for ten 20- minute sessions. We measured blood pressure and heart rate in each session before the intervention, during the intervention, and immediately after the intervention.

Discussion and Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrated reduced blood pressure and heart rate during and immediately after the intervention and finally the blood pressure and heart rater educed in comparison to base line. The findings of this study revealed that this intervention can affect and reduce autonomous nervous system activity.

P152- The Effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis and Treatment- Education Methods in Children with Autism Disorders

Reza NasoudiGhareh Bolagh1 , HadiZahednezhad2 'SanazVosoughi Ilkhchi3

1. General Psychologist, MA, Department of Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabil University, Ardabil, Iran.

2. General psychologist, MA., Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

3. Clinical psychologist, MA, Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

*Email: sanazvosoughi@yahoo. com

Introduction: Autism is a complex brain disorder that affects a child's cognitive and social ability.

Objectives: The present research has been conducted to review the effectiveness of two methods of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), and Treatment - Education Method (TEACCH) on stereotypical behaviors, interaction and communication of autistic children.

Materials and methods: This was an experimental study with pre-test, post -test multi groups and controls. Twenty nine autistic children (21 boys and 8 girls) who have registered in autism school of Tabriz, Iran in 2009 were selected by available sampling method. Participants in this study were randomly divided into three groups ofinterventionl including ABA method (n=10), intervention including TEACCH method (n=10) and control (n=9) groups. For intervention group, 20-sessions of ABA and TEACCH were conducted. Participants were compared using the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS), and Modified Checklist for autism in toddlers(M- CHAT). Data were analyzed by multivariate variance (MANOVA).

Results: The finding of the present research showed a significant difference between ABA and TEACCH methods on improving communicational problems. However, no significant difference was found between the methods on reduction of stereotypical behaviors and interactional problems.

Conclusion: Considering the findings, it seems that the ABA and TEACCH methods are similar efficient styles for teaching and reducing symptoms of autism in children.

P153- Efficacy of Applied Behavioral Analysis in Reducing Symptoms of Stereotyped Behavior, Interaction and Communicational Problems in Autistic Children

Ghamari.kivi H1 ,Agh A2,Nasoudi R3

1. Ph.D of Counseling, Assistant Professor of University ofMohagheghArdabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2. M.Sc. of Clinical Psychology, University of MohagheghArdabili, Young Researchers Club, Gorgan, Iran

3. M.Sc. of General Psychology, University of MohagheghArdabili, Ardabil, Iran.

*Email: h.ghamari. 2010@gmail. com

Introduction: Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder specified with difficulty in social interaction, deficits in use of language and stereotyped and repetitive behavior. Behavioral analysis is one of the treatment methods for autism.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to consider the effectiveness of applied behavioral analysis (ABA) therapy in reducing symptoms of stereotyped behavior, interaction and communicational problems in autistic children.

Method and Materials: Subjects of this experimental study were 19 autistic children who were selected using random sampling method. Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers was used to screen the autistic children from non-autistics. Also, Gilliam Autism Rating Scale was used for assessing symptoms of autistic children. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

Results: The results of this research revealed that the means of behavioral problem indicators in ABA therapy group were reduced significantly in comparison with the control group.

Conclusion: The results of the present study are congruent with other researches, and demonstrate the effectiveness of ABA therapy in treating autistic children.

P154- Level of Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life on Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at Shafa Hospital in 2010-2011

Maryam Kousha1 - Hoda Alizadeh Attar1

1. Corresponding Author:Department of psychiatry, Shafa hospital, faculty of medicine, Guilan University of medical sciences, Rasht, Guilan.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders are series of severe developmental disorders with social communicative and cognitive impairments. Symptoms usually start from the first year of life and continue through one's lifetime. Most patients need lifetime intensive care. While Parents of these patients play a major role in their treatment they are at high risks of depression and anxiety.

Objective: Considering the growing number of diagnosed disorders and lack of knowledge about this disorder in our society, we decided to survey the score of quality of life, depression and anxiety levels in mothers with children suffering from ASD.

Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was done on 127 mothers with children suffering from ASD. Diagnosis was made by a child psychiatrist through clinical interviews with children based on DSM IV- TR standards.

Demographic questionnaire contained mother's age and education, age and gender of the child, and the time passed since diagnosis of ASD in the child. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was given to mothers.

Results: The most important discovery of this survey was the large number of mothers with high levels of depression and anxiety. Thus, 2.3 of mothers showed some levels of anxiety and half of them suffered from depression. Also, score of life quality in these mothers were lower than the average score of our country's public society of women. The average numbers of 12.7, 12.6, 12.3, and 12.9 for mental, social, environmental and physical health. There was a strong connection between the increasing age of the child, time passed since the diagnosis and the severity of mothers' depression, and also reduction of quality of life scores in mothers.

Conclusion: Depression, anxiety and loss of quality of life in mothers with children suffering from ASD are more common than other mothers in the society. This signifies the importance of paying proper attention to these mothers, diagnosing and treating their problems in widespread child and family health planning.

P155- A Comparative Study of Family Functioning in Families of Children with Autism Disorder and Families of Normal Children

Mohammad ahmadi1, Yusef jamalpur1' Mehdi zamani1

1, Master of psychology, Dep. Of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

*Email: mohammad. ahmadi.g@gmail. com

Introduction and Objective: Family functioning is influenced by diseases and threatening conditions of the healthy situations. Parents of disabled children, especially mothers, tolerate physical, spiritual and psychological stress. This study aimed to determine family functioning of children with autism disorder and normal children to find out the effect of children's disability in family functioning.

Materials and Methods: This was an expost-facto research. Population of the current study included families of students with autism disorder studying in autism disorder centers of Tabriz durinh2011-212 academic years, using cluster- random sampling. Hundred families including 50 families of children with autism disorder, and 50 families of normal children who were living in Tabriz filled up the Family Assessment Device (FAD). T-testwas usedfordata analysis.

Results: There were significant differences in domains of family functioning between families of healthy children and families of children with autism disorder. In dimensions of family assessment device (p<0.01), families with autistic children did have apoor performance.

Conclusion: As the findings showed, families of students with autism disorder were low then other group. Therefore, families of children with autism disorder must focus more on family relationships.

P156- A Study on Pragmatic Improvement in Iranian Autistic Children

sheida.bavandi

Email: sheida.bavandi@hotmail. com

Objective: Autism has been characterized by a sever impairment in social relations. Recent studies on linguistic abilities of autistic children also specified pervasive deficits in pragmatic aspects of communication which are characterized by using speech and gesture appropriate to a communicative social context (Baron-Cohen, 1988). It has been proposed that this social impairment is the result of lack of theory of mind (ToM): the ability to attribute mental states to others and to use them in predicting and explaining the behavior of others (Happe,1993). This ability has been attested to be seriously impaired in autistic children.

Methods: In this randomized control trial (RCT) study, 32 (30 male, 2 female) autistic participants (7 to 11 years old) who met the inclusion criteria for the study were recruited from special education schools and autistic clinics in Tehran. Sixteen children were trained on theory of mind, while sixteen children received no intervention as the matched control group. The training program was administered individually, lasting for 30 to 40 minutes 2 days a week for 2 months. Both groups of children were tested before and after training using two instruments: Persian version of ToM test (Qamarani,2006) in order to assess their ToM ability and CCC (Persian version of children's communication checklist)(Kazemi,2005) to assess their pragmatic abilities in communication.

Results: To examine the differences between pre- and post-intervention scorings, a paired t-test was performed in the target and control groups and indicated a significant improvement on the ToM test scores (P< 0.001) and also in the pragmatic scores (p<0.001) of the target. However, there were no significant changes in certain subscales of CCC.

Conclusion: The study indicates that ToM ability in autistic children can be improved by ToM training procedures. However, some aspects of social relations are not affected. The overall improvements are prominent. The implications of the procedure and the findings will be discussed.

P157- Early Autism Screening using an Intelligent Toy

Sorour Ekhtiari1 , Hadi Moradi', Hamidreza Pouretemad3, BabakAraabf

1. Corresponding author: SorourEkhtiari, Algorithm and Computation Department, M Sc. Student, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2. HadiMoradi, Assistant Professor, School of Electrical and C omputer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3.Hamidreza Pouretemad,Department of Psychology, Associate Professor, ShahidBeheshti University, Tehran, Iran

*Email: Sorour. ekhtiari(a\ut. ac. ir

Introduction: Detecting autism in early ages isessential for its treatment, but in many regions there is no doctor with adequate expertise to detect autism in children. Therefore, there is a great demand for an automatic method, which can detect or screen autistic children.

An automatic method needs to rely on behaviors detectable in an autistic child. One of the most important behaviors in autistic children is the repetitive behavior which may appear when an autistic child plays with toys. Thus, this behavior along with a few other behaviors and features, which are related to movement, could lead us to the design of an automatic method for screening autistic children.

As children spend lots of time playing with toys and the majority of autistic children were male, atoy car was suitable for analyzing their behavior while playing.

Objective: This paper describes the design of an intelligent toy to warn parents to pay more attention to their children and consult an expert if deem necessary.

Methods: To validate the findings, 24 children of whom 14 were autistic and 10 normal were selected and tested. Children in the autistic group were between 3.5 to 6.5 year old (mean=4.5179, SD=0.7750) and normal children were between 4 to 6 (mean=5.35, SD=0.5798) years of age.

Results: Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with soft margin and polynomial kernel was applied to the collected data and the maximum achieved accuracy was 80%.

Conclusion: This paper presents a novel approach in screening autistic children using an intelligent toy car. A toy car is selected since most of autistic children were male. The selected features aimed at better distinction of the two groups.The future work is focused on improving the classification process and choosing better features to reach higher classification rate.

P158- The Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Adolescents in Isfahan

FatemehMohammadi1 , Marvam Rauof, Khadijeh Mohammadi3, Mohammad Arshadi4, Malliheh Assadollahi5, Hosin Ebrahimi4,Farzaneh Mozafari6, Arezo Azarnf

1. Corresponding author : MS of Nursing, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz- Iran.

2. MS of Nursing, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz - Iran

3. Psychologist, Isfahan-Iran

4. PHD Student Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Tabriz University of

Medical Sciences. Tabriz - Iran

5. Faculty of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Tabriz - Iran

6. Nurse, Isfahan-Iran

Fatemehmohammadi 16(a\vahoo. com

Introduction: Prevalence of eating disorders in adolescents had increased in recent years. Researches have shown that eating disorders in adolescence are the main risk factor for eating disorders in adulthood. The expression of anorexia was introduced the first time by GOWL. Anorexia was introduced as a disease in women and it is distinguished with extreme thinness sign which is considered a mental disorder. Eating disorders is a result of behavior disorder that lias a lot of complications which appears with three forms: anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and there are intermediate forms.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of eating disorders in female adolescents in guidance schools of Isfahan.

Methods: This study was conducted on May of 2011 in Isfahan. Five hundred guidance school female students were selected by cluster sampling. To identify students with eating disorders and those at the risk of this disorder, EAT-26 questionnaire forms were used; in these forms variables such as age, status of parents, literacy of parents, menstrual status, birth order and dimension of family was recorded. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and Fisher's exact test and Pearson correlation by SPSS 16.

Results: In this study, 13% of students had obesity, and 25% were at risk of eating disorders. There was a meaningful relationship between BMI and eating disorders; 60% of students who were at risk had obesity and were overweight .In this study, 10% (13) of the subjects had anorexia, 15 %(19) suffered from bulimia. Furthermore, a direct relationship was observed between age and literacy of parents. Of the subjects, 60% (300) were dissatisfied with their weight, 20% liked to increase their weight, and 70% liked to decrease their weight .There was a meaningful relationship between satisfaction with weight and BMI. Conclusion: This study, similar to many other studies, indicated that epidemiological transition, cultural interaction and change in values increased eating disorders. Meditation and effective methods are necessary to deal with this important issue.

P159- Eating Disorders in Iranian Adolescents (Research review)

Marvam Rauof , Fatemeh Mohammade, Mehdi Agakishizadelr, Azim Azizi3, BahramAzarvfar4 ,Hosin Ebrahimi3, Arezo Azarnf, Mohammad Arshadi3

1. Corresponding author : M.S of Nursing, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz- Iran.

2. M.S of Nursing, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz - Iran

3. PHD student Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Tabriz - Iran

4. M.S of Nursing, University of Medical Sciences, Yazd - Iran

Email: marvam.rauofalvahoo.com

Introduction: The incidence and prevalence of eating disorders in children and adolescents lias increased significantly in recent decades. Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and partial syndromes are relatively comino η. and early intervention is advisable.

Objective: This review describes the prevalence of eating disorders amongst Iranian adolescents and compares it with those of Westernized countries.

Methods: Medline, Pub med, SID... were searched from 2000 to June 2011 using the following key words: eating disorder, adolescents, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa , Binge eating disorder, and eating disorder not otherwise specified.

Results: The present lifetime prevalence of all eating disorders is about 5%; in Iran few data are available to estimate the prevalence of eating disorders. Although eating disorders have been previously regarded as peculiar to Western societies, they are now a more global issue with reports of non-Western countries such as Iran having increasing rates of eating disorders.

Conclusion: Prognosis overall is good but treatment can be long and intensive, significantly impacting families.

P160- The prevalence of obesity in children with 7- 12

Sevedhamzehhosseini, Salarbehzadniya, Koroshvahidshahi, Shidehanvari

*Email: sorayaabedi65(a)yahoo. com

Background: The prevalence of obesity in children is rising significantly. In definition the classification is: 85% < BMI < 95% Overweight , BMI > 95% Obese and BMI >, 99% Very obese . In attention to additional rate in obesity, we decided to consider the prevalence of obesity and the associated factors such as psychological health condition, nutritional habits and SES among primary school students in Sari province.

Methods: Using multistage sampling, a total of 653 students ( 297 boys and 356 girls ), aged 7-12 years were randomly selected from primary school pupils in Sari. Weight, height and BMI of the subjects were measured. Furthermore, obesity was determined by BMI. In this regard, above 95th percentile was considered obese, and 85% < BMI < 95% was considered overweight. In our study, data were collected using nutritional habits, SES and depression questionnaires.

Results : In this study, we found that 570 students ( 88% ) were in group one, meaning that BMI < 95th percentile for age; and 78 students ( 12% ) were in group two, meaning that BMI > 95th percentile; and 470 ( 72/6% ) were in group one ( below 85th percentile ), and 177 students were in group two ( 85% < BMI < 95% ) . The relationship between obesity and gender ( Pvalue : 0.073 ) , obesity and depression , obesity and SES was not significant, but the relationship between obesity and age , obesity and educational degree, obesity and measure and type of physical activity , obesity and number of daily diet , obesity and consumption of junk food and fast-food was significant. Furthermore, the relationship between overweight and SES , overweight and number of daily diet, overweight and measure and type of physical activity was significant.

Conclusion: In conclusion, low - level of physical activity and high - level intakes of junk food and fast- food are associated with obesity and can increase the prevalence of obesity.

P161- Assessment of Eating Disorder Psychopathology in Obese Children and Adolescents

Eftekhar Hamidi1 , Gholam Reza Manshaee1, Mahbobeh Sadat Fadavi' FaridehDokanheeifard3· maryamchoramU.Narges Fathiahmadsarie1 ,Sanaz Ashkan1

1. Corresponding author:PhD student, Department of Psychology, Isfahan Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University Isfahan, Iran

2. Assistance Professor, Department of administration, Isfahan Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

3. Assistanat Professor, Department of consulting, Rodehen Branch, Islamic, Azad University, Iran

*Email:Ef.Hamidi@yahoo. co. uk

The present study compared two methods for assessing binge eating and related eating disorder psychopathology in obese children and adolescents. A comparison was made between the child version of the Eating Disorder Examination (ChEDE) and the self- report version of the (ChEDE-Q) interview. A total of 98 children and adolescents (aged 11-18 years) seeking inpatient treatment for obesity completed the ChEDE questionnaire and were interviewed(ChEDE) afterwards. The ChEDE and ChEDE-Q were significantly correlated on the four subscales: restraint, eating concern, weight concern and shape concern. The ChEDE-Q consistently generated higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology. There was a significant discrepancy for the assessment of a more complex feature such as binge eating. Overall, the current study found lower levels of agreement between the EDE and EDE-Q than previously reported in adult samples. It appears that children and adolescents have difficulties in identifying binge-eating episodes when they receive no detailed instruction. It is concluded that a clinical interview is necessary to identify eating disorders in obese children and that a self-report questionnaire can only be used as a screening tool. Even then, through clarification of the definition of the eating disorder features is needed when using a self- report questionnaire.

P162- Body Image and Eating Disorders among Children and Adolescents

Roshandel,Azam1, Samadpour, Tayebeh1, Ghasemijran1

l.MSc of Nursing, Department of Nursing,Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan,Iran.

*E-Mail:roshandel_2 [email protected]

Introduction: During recent years, eating disorders have been given significant attention. Eating disorders may occur at any age through infancy, adolescence and adult hood. Generally, adolescents and youths, especially females, during puberty years, are more conscious of their weight and body shape, and since slimness is pervasively considered ideal, the mentioned factors give rise to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Mental image of body is a person's psycho-social experience of his or her body and includes the person's feelings and attitudes towards his or her own body. Prospective studies on adolescents indicated that worries about weight and disorders in mental image and depression each may be a risk for eating disorders.

In children afflicted with this disorder, there is a great difference between the attitude towards the appearance and their real-self. Those who are suffering from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are particularly afraid of gaining weight or getting obese and see themselves bigger than their real size. Sports and physical exercises like cheerleading, gymnastic, ballet, ice skating and wrestling put children and adolescents in danger of eating disorder risks. Research has shown that 42% of adolescent girls would like to be thinner, and 81% of 10-year-old children are worried about getting obese. The incidence of this disorder occurs in the middle or at the end of adolescence, 14 to 18 years. Many children who suffer from eating disorders have low self-esteem and their focus on their body- weight could be a measure towards the feeling of gaining control overthe incidents. Bulimia nervosa is more widespread than anorexia nervosa among adolescents and youths, but this is the opposite as for children. Complaints such as nausea, stomach pain, and difficulties in swallowing accompanied with worries about weight, shape and obesity could exist among them. Excessive refrain from eating may stop menstruation and prevent the second sexual traits.

Conclusion: Disordered body image is the most important factor related with behaviors and disordered attitudes of eating. Any individual child or adolescent who has unhealthy exercises to lose weight or has some obsessive thought about food, weight, body shape or exercise, may be at the risk of eating disorder. Cultural-social pressures about mens' and women's physical ideals often are determiners of mental image and behaviors of body changing of children and adolescents. Since most young people of our society, through media like satellite receivers, the internet and so on, are under the influence of western cultural values, giving students and their families lectures and informing them about eating disorders, the symptoms and signs, behaviors and side effects, will play a very important role in preventing eating disorders in adolescents.

P163-Study the Effects of Computer Games on Adolescents' Behavior in Larestan

Mohammad Reza Foroutani1 ,Farzad Najarzadeh2,Sedighe Mosavi3

1.Corresponding author : Microbiology,Ms. c Department of Nursing, School of Nursing HazratZeinab (P.B.U.H.) Larestan, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Jran.

2. Student Research Committee ,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

3. Student Research Committee ,ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

*Email: larres@sums. ac. ir

Introduction: Adolescents on this stage of their life need physical mobility and effort. However, living in small apartment units, adolescents spend long hours of their time on computer games and watching movies. The effect of these games is evident on adolescents' behavior in the community.

Objective: This study was conducted to in vestigate the influence of movies and game son adolescents, and also to provide solutions.

Methods: In this study,139male adolescents who referred to authorized distribution centers of computer games were evaluated by using the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), and Social Mood Questionnaire (Emotionality and Activity and Sociability Scale [EASS] of Arnold. H. Bassand MarkPerry).

Results: Data shows thatl02cases (73/4 percent) of adolescents were willing to buy rough films; and of them,98 (96 percent) had aggressive behavior. Pearson correlation test shows a significant relationship between these two activities. Influence of peer groups in the purchase of rough films, low cost, and availability of films are the most important factors of purchasing these products.

Conclusion: Using computer games nowadays is inevitable in life of most families, and watching violent games and movies influenced their behavior. The most agents of violence and aggression are external factors and only in special cases, agents may be related to in ternalcauses.T here fore, the main step in treatment of child aggression is identifying then vironmental stimuli affecting the incidence of violence, and abducting the child from un healthy environment. Parent al supervision in purchasing films ,monitoring children's friends, and finally spending a few hours of a day with them will reduce their urge to watch movies.

P164- Effect of School Games upon the Attention Span Growth of Male Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Fereshteh Amouzadeh1 ,Sayede Nahid Shetab Bushehri2,Abdolrahman Mehdipur3

1 .Corresponding author: Master ofPhysical Education of ChamranUniversity.

2. Assistant Professor of ChamranUniversity.

3. AssistantProfessorof ChamranUniversity.

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are strangely hyperactive and hasty(l). In comparison with their counterparts, they pay less attention to the assignments (2), and have problems with the acquisition of educational skills, intellectual functions, and learning(2).

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the school games on the attention span growth of ADHD suffering male students of first to third grades in Khoramabad primary schools.

Methodology: The methodology of the research was semi-empirical, and the statistical population consisted of 40 ADHD suffering boys; of whom,20 were selected as the sample, classified into control and experimental groups, each containing 10 students(similar average age P=0.649, similar manipulation skill P=0.368). After 18 forty-five-minute long school game sessions, from which the control group was deprived, the attention span growth of the students was evaluated using the "check out subscale test".

Results: The comparison of the means demonstrated that the practice of the selected school games could significantly improve the attention span growth of the students.

conclusion: The findings indicate that due to such characteristics as variety, motivating nature, refreshment, energy recovery, and regulation dependence, school games can significantly improve the attention span growth of the students in case of being incorporated into the physical education curriculum of the schools, and practiced to an appropriate extent.

P165- A Study of Relationship between Students' Academic Achievements and Internet Addiction

KhatoonPourmaveddat1 , Vahlde Salah2, RaziehZarei3, Razieh Ahrami4, Mojgan Shooshtari5 and zakyee keshavarz6

1. Corresponding author: Psychology Department,Payam Noor UniversityBushehr, Islamic Rpublic of Iran

2. Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children. Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.

3. Payam Noor University.Kazeroon, Islamic Rpublic of Iran

4. Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children. Islamic Republic of Iran

5. Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children. Islamic Republic of Iran

6. Payam Noor University.Kazeroon, Islamic Rpublic of Iran

*Mail:payame_5 l@yahoo. com

Introduction: The internet can be related to students' academic achievement, and may have a bilateral effect that could lead to academic failure or achievement.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate academic achievement among students who were addicted and non-addicted to the internet.

Methods: The participants of this study were 120 male and female students who were selected based on random cluster sampling method. The internet addiction questionnaire (Young, 1998) was used. Also, average was used as a criterion for academic achievement.

Results: The results of ANOVA showed a significant difference in internet addiction scores between the addicted and non-addicted students (f=13.14, p<0.04). It was obtained that more male students were addicted to the internet than girls(t= 2.5, p<.01).

Conclusions: Research results indicated that internet addiction was associated with academic failure. Students who were successful in academic achievement had less dependency on the internet.

P166- A Review on Effect of Computer Games on Mental Health and Academic Achievement of Adolescents

Fatemeh Bidi1 , Ali Kheradmand2, Mahdi Namdari Pejman3

1. Corresponding author: Psychology MA, counseling group, Ministry of Education, Esfarayen, Iran

2. Psychiatrist, Assistant, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

3. Educational Researches MA, Educational Sciences Department, Farhangian University, Hamadan, Iran

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Computer games are the products of the twenty first century. From the mental aspect, it seems that computer games have a negative relationship with mental health, and have a direct effect on aggressive behavior, anxiety and isolation of adolescents.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review and compare the effects of computer games on students' mental health and academic performance.

Method and materials: This was an ex-post facto research. The statistical population included all 12-15 year old male students of Esfarayen guidance schools in 2011-12 school year. The sample size included 90 students (do not play, rarely play, often play) selected through cluster sampling and then simple random sampling. The SCL-90-R (Derogatis et al.) mental health questionnaire with reliability of 0.89, and also the average of students' grades during the first term were used as research tools. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (AANOVA) and Tukey test.

Results: The study findings demonstrated a significant difference between the groups on the physical aspect [F (3 & 87) = 4.8] and hostility [F (3& 87) = 7.6], but no significant difference was observed between the groups in other aspects. Furthermore, the results of Tukey test showed a significant difference between 'not play' and 'often play' groups in the physical aspect (t=1.86) as well as hostility aspect between average of 'no play' and 'often play' group (t= 1.28.Moreover, a significant difference was found between the grades of groups of 'rarely play' and 'often play' (t=1.46). In the field of academic performance, the result of ANOVA showed no significant difference between the groups [F (3 & 87) = 0.16).

Conclusion: Computer games have negative effects on mental and physical health of adolescents and may affect their academic performance over time. Hence, considering the psychological and educational point of view, more supervision is needed on types of computer games. In this study aggression in computer games suggested by Bandura was also confirmed as an influential factor on mental health.

P167- Prediction of Internet Addiction Based on Perceived Social Support among Adolescent Girls in Shiraz

Seyede Zahra Emadil *, ZobeydehDehghanManshadi2, MariehDehghanManshadi3

1. Corresponding author: MSc. of clinical psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Ρ sychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

2. MSc. of clinical psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

3. MSc. of clinical psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

* E-mail: [email protected]

Objective: Internet has an important role in our daily life and its many applications and attractiveness has given rise to a phenomenon known as "Internet addiction" in recent years, particularly among adolescences. Literature shows that internet addiction can lead to overlooking family and friends (Ghasemzadeh, Shahraray, Moradi, 2007). In this respect, it is believed that perceived social support can affect the degree of using internet. This research aims to study perceived social support as a prediction for internet addiction among adolescent girls.

Method: This was a correlational research. Statistical population was all the female high school students of Shiraz in 2012. Three hundred subjects were selected by random cluster method from different districts and schools of Shiraz. We used Young's Internet Addiction Test (1998), and Perceived Social Support (zimet et al, 1988). Data were analyzed through correlation and regression.

Results: There was a significant and inverse relationship between total score of perceived social support and internet addiction (P< 0.000l)and among its components. However, the "family" component had a negative correlation with internet addiction(P< 0.0001). Friends and other components were not associated with internet addiction and therefore were excluded from the regression calculations. Regression analysis showed that the "family" component (29/0- (? =-0/29) can predict internet addiction among adolescent girls in Shiraz.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that among the components of perceived social support, the component of "family" plays a more important role in predicting internet addiction (Wang, Zhou, Lu, Wu, Deng & Hong, 2011). Based on the results, we suggest that in order to limit the progression of internet addiction, effective educational plans should be provided to enhance interaction between families and adolescents.

P168- Effect of Computer Games on Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Function in Elementary School Boys

Ali Akbar PirastehMotlagh1*,FariborzNikdel2, Ali AsgharPirastehMotlagh3

1. Correspondingauthor:AM in General Psychology

2. Assistant professor, Yasouj University

3. BS in Mathematics, TarbiatMoallem University, Karaj, Iran.

*Ema\\: A4Pirasteh88(a\gmai I. com

Introduction: Studies demonstrated that computer games have negative physical, behavioral-emotional, and psychological-social effects on their audience.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of computer games on cognitive (cognitive intelligence), emotional (emotional intelligence) and social (social intelligence) function of elementary school boys.

Method: This was an experimental study. The population included all male students of elementary school in Yasouj Sixty students were selected by random sampling. Thea the subjects were randomly divided into two experimental (η = 30) and control (η = 30) groups. Before implementation of the independent variable, the pretest was held. Then, the experimental group played for 30 minutes every day for 25 days, but the control group members did not play any games. After 25 days, the posttest was performed for both groups at the 26th day. The variables were measured using Raven's children IQ test, schutt's emotional intelligence scale, and Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS). Finally, data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance.

Results: The results showed that computer games may reduce emotional and social function, but they do not reduce cognitive function.

Conclusion: It seems that computer games can greatly disrupt students' social and emotional function.

P169- Adolescents' Psychological Motivation for Electronic Games (ages 12 to 18 years)

Zahra khaksari1

Corresponding author: PNU University, Minab Centre, Minab, Iran

Email: zahra_khaksari(a\vahoo. com

Introduction: Electronic games are the entertaining part of any child's and adolescent's life. The debate lias moved from whether children should play video games to how to maximize potential benefits and to identify and minimize potential harms. To do this, we must understand what motivates children to play electronic games and what needs the games meet.

Objective: The present research is intended to investigate the psychological motivation for electronic games in high school and secondary school students.

Methods: The study sample included 184 students with age range of 12 to 18 years selected from high schools and secondary schools of Minab, using stratified random sampling. The subjects responded to the Psychological Motive Game of Olson Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results: Results showed that 85% of subjects devote 2 to 3 hours a day to games. Further, findings demonstrated a significant difference between high school students and secondary school students in psychological motives such as refreshment .compete with others and win .relaxation .liking guns and other weapons, creativity .forgetting problems, discharging aggression imitation of friends, educate others, and make new friend. Moreover, the results showed that most adolescents in this study were enticed to find new friends to motivate them to play games with them. Age had a positive correlation with strength of motivation for playing which means that older students played with a stronger motivation.

Conclusion: Compared with other media such as books, films, and radio, electronic games appear to have an unusually expansive appeal and serve a surprising number of emotional, social, and intellectual needs, we can no longer think simplistically about what makes video games motivating, with the goal of capturing that special ingredient and deploying it for more serious pedagogical purposes. Adolescents' personal traits and the settings (social and physical) in which they play video games strongly influence how they choose to interact with those games. Furthermore, developmental stage and cognitive development also influence children's motivation for video gaming.

P170- Internet Addiction in Adolescents

MasoumehSabzaligol

Objective: To review signs and symptoms of internet addiction in adolescents and young adults.

Introduction: The Internet can play a major role in the acquisition of skills. In recent years, internet users in Iran have increased 3100 percent, and the majority of them are young. Internet addiction can cause potential complications forth adolescents' physical and mental health.

Method: internet searching and library studies.

Results: There are different kind of mass media and technology, but the internet lias created problems for families and communities. Therefore, it, deserves special attention of scholars, researchers, psychologists and psychiatrists. The prevalence of internet addiction in young people can be a disaster for their personal and social life. This problem is discussed in the DSM-IV as obsessive-compulsive disorder, is and classified as impulse control. This kind of addiction same as other types of addiction is accompanied with withdrawal symptoms (including depression and anxiety when there is no Internet a and tolerance (the need to use more than before for being satisfied). Timely diagnosis and treatment can decrease long-term complications of this type of addiction in the social and personal life.

Conclusions: Individuals with higher social base and education, students living in dorms and boys are more susceptible to internet addiction. Physical disorders such as headaches, swelling and eye irritation, back pain, neck pain, joint pain, wrist pain (carpal tunnel). insomnia, impaired appetite and poor nutrition, quit school, lack of willingness to participate in family party, aggression and lack of attention to personal hygiene are some complications of internet addiction. Other complications are instability in marriage and family relations. However, there are some solutions for internet addiction: transferring personal computers from bedroom to the sitting room, reducing the time the adolescents are allowed to use the internet, asking adolescents to participate in activities, referring to a psychologist.

P171- Relationship between Child Abused Dimensions with Social Maladjustment and Self- Esteem in Adult Victims

Abolfazl Seift1, SaeedehKhalilzad Behroziair

1. MA in Clinical Psychology, Ardebil Azad University

2. Corresponding author: MA in Clinical Psychology, Tabriz University

*Email: Saeedeh. khalilzad&gmail. com

Introduction: Child abuse is a well-known concept in every society. It refers to physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and neglecting children younger than 18 by individuals over 18 years of age.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between child abuse dimensions with social maladjustment and self-esteem, and to predict the contribution of 4 dimensions of child abuse in social maladjustment and self-esteem in adult victims.

Methods and Materials: Two hundred ninety four students were selected from Tabriz Azad University by random sampling method. To assess variables, Goldberg General Health (GHQ) Questionnaire, and Cooper Smith Self-esteem Inventory were used. In order to measure social maladjustment, the social maladjustment subscale of GHQ scale was calculated. In this correlational study, data were analyzed by Pearson correlational test and multiple regression methods.

Result: Data analysis revealed a significant positive association between social maladjustment with physical, emotional and neglectdimensions (p=0/05). Further, a significant negative association was observed between emotional and neglected dimensions of child abuse with self-esteem (0/05). In addition, 0/11 of variance of self-esteem was predicted by psychological and neglected dimensions, and 0/14 of variance of social maladjustment was predicted by physical, emotional and neglected dimensions of child abuse.

Conclusion: There was a strong association between child abuse and its dimensions with social maladjustment and self-esteem in adult hood. It was also found that child abuse has numerous negative consequences that could be different depending on type and severity of the abuse.

P172- A Comparative Study on Parents ' Neglect between Healthy children and Those with Chronic Diseases

Nasrin Safari1, MehriGolchin .ShohrehZiaei

1. Corresponding Author: M.Sc. in Nursing. Faculty member, Instructor of Nursing Dept., School of Nursing & Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.

Email: safari 312 (a\gm ail. com

Introduction: child abuse is a serious social and health problem. Most of the time, child abuse occurs at home and by close relatives. Neglect is the most common type of child abuse.

Objective: This study aimed to compare neglect by parents among healthy children and those with chronic diseases.

Methods: This was a descriptive comparative study carried out in Isfahan. The sample included 212 children with the age range of 11 to 18 years. Of the subjects, 106 suffered from a chronic disease (asthma, epilepsy, cancer, thalassemia, hemophilia, etc)and referred to the health centers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The healthy group included 106 children matched by age. sex. and socio economic class. Sampling was done by convenient method and data were collected using a researcher- made questionnaire including demographic characteristics along with questions related to various types of neglect. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined by content validity and Cronbach alpha (0.78).Data were analyzed using SPSS software by descriptive statistics, clii square and independent t-test.

Results: There were no differences between the two groups in sex, age, and parents' career and education. However, independent-simple t-test showed significant differences between the two groups in the mean scores of neglect (p=0.01).

Conclusion: Presence of a significant difference in neglect between the two groups, and also the low score of neglect in ill children indicate that in our country attention to the ill children is different compared to other countries. The findings of this study may be due to Iran's culture.

P173- Effective Factors in Incidence of Child Abusein Tehran in 2010

salman Ghaderi1 ,Gholam Ali Gh orb an i1

1. Corresponding Author:Social Worker, MA,Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

*Email:Salmang41 (algmail. com

Introduction: Child abuseisa serious social damage whose history goes backtothe beginning of human appearance. Children as an oppressed group are vulnerable to physical, mental, and emotional abuse risks. It seems that every year thousands of children are at risk of physical, psychological, and emotional violence. Considering the consequences of child abuse, it is necessary to study and identify the factors that contribute to this social damage.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors that contribute to incidence of child abuse among children in care centers.

Methods: Methodology in this study was based on case study of children an dinterviewing abused children and their families in Care centers.

Results: This survey shows that 61% of child abuses were the result of drug and stimulation addiction. In this study, some other factors were also identified which are as follows: parental separation (23/5 %), abandonation (2/5%), Family dissensions (2%), and imprisonment of parents (11%). Also ,most of the child abuses have been sorted in this order: 1) Psychological abuse; 2)Carelessness and negligence; and 3) Physical abuse.

Analysis of these results showed that child abuse has become a multidimensional problem and leads to new damages on children.

Conclusion: Several factors affect incidence of child abuse. In this regard, the role of parental drug dependence is more important than others. Also, child abuses are a combination of psychological, physical, and neglect abuse.

P174- Prevalence of Child Maltreatment among 15 to 17 Year Old Students in Kerman

MahinEslamiShahrbabaki MD1, AliakbarHaghdoost MD2, LayaSabzevari MD3, Amir EslamiShahr Babaki4

1. Assistant Professor, Psychiatry Department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, ShahidBeheshti Hospital, Kerman, Iran

2. Associate Professor, Epidemiology Department, Research Center for Modeling in Health, Public Health Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

3. Psychiatry Resident, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, ShahidBeheshti Hospital, Kerman, Iran

4. Medical Student, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: Child abuse is a common phenomenon accompanying unfavorable short and long term personal and social consequences. With changes in environment in which the child is taken care of, negative long term consequences could be remedied. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of all types of maltreatment among 15 to 17 year old students in Kerman.

Method: This was a cross sectional study. A sample of 360 male and female high school students in Kerman were selected by cluster sampling and were evaluated. Maltreatment Assessment Instrument which was a 48- itemstandard self-report questionnaire was used.

Results: The average prevalence of child abuse among the subjects was 27.6%. They reported experiencing physical and emotional abuse and neglect as frequently as 9.67%, 17.9% and 23.6% respectively.

Conclusion: Regarding prevalence of various forms of child abuse, it seems the early diagnosis and preemptive educational interventions could play a critical role in decreasing the prevalence of child abuse and its harmful consequences.

P175- Child Abuse and Prevention

Zahra Gheidar1, Ali Reza Zahiroddin2

1 Master of psychometric, Behavioral Science Research Center, Department of Psychiatric. ShahidBehashti University of Medical Science. Tehran,Iran

2. Professor, Behavioral Science Research Center, Department of Psychiatric. ShahidBehashti University of Medical Science.Tehran,Iran

Education is, undoubtedly, the first and the most effective way to prevent childhood injuries, and childhood is one of the most critical stages of development in which learning takes place in a stable form. Hence, damages in this period are deep and sometimes irreparable. Therefore, children as both a vulnerable group and susceptible of learning, require the support of family and community organizations. In recent years, Iran has been faced with growth of child abuse due to economic weakness, poor social support systems, lack of relevant training and lack of understanding of child characteristics. Therefore, educating parents and children can empower them against this problem and reduce the damages of this period.

Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare a training package on child's traits and child- abuse for parents, and a training package for children to increase their knowledge on this issue.

Method: after background review, essential concepts were designed in to two packages including 12 hours of training for parents, and 2 months of training for children. Twenty two out of 30 parents in a kindergarten volunteered to participate in the study and responded to a questionnaire. Then, the training package was presented to the parents over four 3-hour sessions during one month, and a training package in the form of pictorial units were provided to children by trained instructors. A questionnaire was completed by parents at the end of the course. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and t test was used to compare the means.

Results: T-test results showed that the sample group's awareness about child-abuse and ways to prevent it significantly increased after the trainings ρ < 0/01.

Conclusion: The training package can be designed to increase awareness and understanding of parents and children simultaneously, resulting in a reduction of childhood injuries.

P176- Prevalence of Child Abuse in Children Suffering from Mental Retardation Compared with Autistic Children

Mansure Hashemi1

l.Msc. in Psychometrics, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran

Email : [email protected]

Introduction: Children with disabilities due to cognitive emotional and behavioral limitations are more sensitive to physical and sexual damages than others.

Objective: This paper is seeking to examine the prevalence of child abuse in children with mental retardation and its comparison with autistic children.

Methods: This was a descriptive and epidemiological study, conducted on 100 children with mental retardation and ? * children with autism, using a stratified and cluster sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher made questionnaire whose validity and reliability was reviewed and approved in the preparatory process.

Results: Results showed that prevalence of physical abuse in children with autism was significantly higher compared to children with mental retardation, and prevalence of sexual abuse in children with mental retardation was significantly higher than autistic children.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be noted that prevalence of child abuse in children with disabilities should be seriously considered, and providing training programs to increase parents' awareness should be placed in the spotlight.

P177- Comparison of Eating Disorder Beliefs in Female Survivors of Child Sexual abuse And Non abused Women

Marzive Sharifi1 ,MarvamFatehizade'

1.Corresponding author: M. A, In family counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology , University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2.Associate professor, Department of Counselling .Faculty of Education and Psychology , University of Isfahan,Isfahan,Iran.

Emaihmsharifi.flj (algmail.com

Introduction: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has adverse consequences on physical and mental health of adult survivors.

Objective: This study aimed to compare eating disorder beliefs between female survivors of child sexual abuse and non-abused women.

Methods: This was a case - control study with purposive sampling conducted on married women referred to medical and counseling centers in Isfahan. Thirty survivors of child sexual abuse and 30 non abused women were selected and assigned in two groups. Data were collected using Severity of Abuse Scale (SAS) and Eating Disorder Beliefs Questionnaire (EDBQ). Data were analyzed by independent t-test.

Results : The results showed that compared with non- abused women .survivors of CSA have significantly higher levels of eating disorder beliefs(P<0/01).

Conclusions: These results confirm that experience of CSA may be related to eating disorders in some women. The implications of this finding is recognizing the importance of screening and considering probability of child sexual abuse experiences in women who refer to medical and counseling centers due to psychiatric morbidity such as eating disorders , and determining appropriate therapeutic planning for survivors of childhood trauma.

P178- Investigation and Comparison of Alienation among Gifted and Normal Adolescents

Yaghoob ghareghani1

1. M.A, in Special Education

Email: vghareghani&yahoo. com

Objective: Alienation is defined as the feel of isolation and lack of subjective and objective connection between the individual and society, other people, and even herself. Alienation is known to be a society's, and more specifically, adolescents' issues, and is a primary factor in creating many abnormalities. These include moral insecurity, loneliness, loss or weakening of emotions, social deviations, addiction to drugs and alcoholic drinks, feel of isolation emptiness, increase in mental issues, and growth of suicide rate. Adolescence is a stressful period. In this period, adolescents face tensions related to physical development, emotion evolvements, and crisis of identification; and therefore, become more susceptible to alienation.

Method: The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the dimensions of alienation between normal and gifted adolescents in Shiraz. Four hundred forty high school students (200 gifted, 220 normal) were selected by cluster sampling. The Student Alienation Scale (Mao, 1992) was used as the measurement instrument. Multivariate analysis of variance(manova) method was used for data analysis. Findings showed that among dimensions of Alienation (Social estrangement, Powerlessness, Normlessness, Meaninglessness, Self estrangement) there is a significant difference between normal and gifted students in powerlessness, social estrangement, and Meaninglessness dimensions. Based on the results, the average point given to each of these three dimensions are considerably higher for the gifted students compared to the normal ones.

Conclusion: Results of the study revealed that gifted students suffer more from alienation. To interpret this finding, it can be stated that, at each specific time, gifted students are in a farther stage of life than where their normal counterparts are. Their focus is on goals and concepts that are beyond the understanding of people around them. Thus, they keep their distance from others and start to feel isolated. Therefore, it can be concluded that alienation is different in gifted adolescents compared to the normal ones because they experience an uncoordinated growth in mental and emotional feelings and also because their needs are not addressed by the enviromnent.

P179- A comparison between the Individual Creativities of Intelligent Students and Normal Students

Habib Hadivcmfard1, Sara Kamjoif .Zohreh Keshavarzr

1. PhD inClinical Ρ sychology-PsychologyFacuity Memberof Shiraz University

2. Clinical PsychologylJniversityBachelor student

Objective: Intelligence and creativity are two close yet distinct features. Studies indicate that creativity is as much important for personal, social, and scientific development as intelligence. Given the fact that in Iran's educational system the emphasis has been mainly on intelligence, and creativity has been mostly neglected, the current research aimed tocompare the individual creativity of a group of intelligent students and a group of normal students. The experiment was done in the village of Sirjaan.

Methodos: Among all intelligent students who were selected on the basis of the exam given by SAMP AD (also known as NODET : the National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents), 40 male college students and 40 high school students were selected based on their accessibility. These students were matched by age, sex, level of education, and economic status. The test on these students was then done in the form of a questionnaire. Based on the hypothesis of this study, there was a significant difference between the average creativity of intelligent students and that of normal students. The independent t test was adopted to assess this hypothesis.

Achievements: According to the results, there was a significant difference between the average creativity of intelligent students and normal students (t= 2/502, df=61/37).

Conclusion: Intelligence has a positive effect on students' creativity, and intelligent students are significantly more creative than normal students.

On the basis of these results, it is suggested that the emphasis should not be put only on intelligence-related elements in education system, rather certain plans and activities need to be devoted to foster students' and specially intelligent students' creativity.

P180- The Influence of Creative Drama on Social Skills in Gifted Students

SaeidKhazaei Aram

Email: Skharam&Yahoo. Com

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of creative drama on social skills of gifted students in guidance school level.

Method: Using the experimental method, two classes were randomly selected from the gifted students at the first grade of guidance school in Mashliad. One class was selected as the experimental group and the other as the control group. Matson's Social Skills Questionnaire (1983) was completed by the two groups before and after twelve 90-minute creative drama sessions as pre- test and post-test. Data were analyzed using T-test in SPSS software.

Results: The results indicated that in general creative drama had a significant effect on the social skills nurturing of talented students, but had no significant effect on the subgroups of social skills, proud behavior and overconfident and the fluency and flexibility part of creativity nurturing subgroup.

Conclusion: Considering the significant difference between the experimental and control groups, the creative drama training program may be used as a suitable instructive method for improving social skills.

P181- Self- efficacy and Its Relation with Psychological Reaction in Normal and Gifted Girls

Sepideh Yazdani

Introduction: Self-efficacy lias an important role in physical and mental health.

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate self- efficacy and its relation with psychological reaction in normal and gifted girls.

Method: The sample comprised of 119 junior high school students (79 normal and 40 gifted) who were selected randomly through cluster sampling method in Zahedan. The study instruments were Children's Self- Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ-C), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42). Data were analyzed by regression and t value.

Results: The results demonstrated a relationship between self-efficacy elements and psychological reactions and its dimensions in normal and gifted girls. Depression and stress had a significant negative correlation with emotional self-efficacy. However, results showed a significant positive correlation between stress, and educational self-efficacy. Also, stepwise regression of psychological reactions on self efficacy showed that stress was significantly related with emotional self efficacy. In addition there was a significant difference between the scores of normal and gifted girls. Gifted girls showed higher mean scores on social self-efficacy compared to normal girls.

P182- Efficacy of Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy on Athletic Competence Self- Perception among Gifted Students with Learning Disorders

Lahijanion, ?, Μ.Λ.1, Amiri, S., Ph.D.1 ,Moghtadaie, ?Ι., Μ.A.1

1. University of Isfahan

Email: m. moghtadaie&gmail. com

Objective: Low athletic competence self- perception among gifted students with learning disorders is common because learning disorder and fear of failure prevent athletic competences. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral therapy on improving athletic competence self- perception among gifted students with learning disorders.

Method and Materials: The design was experimental with pretest, posttest and control group. The statistical population consisted of the gifted students with learning disorders (girls & boys) in fourth and fifth grades (10-12 years) of primary school in Isfahan. The sample was selected at 3 stages. In the first stage (screening), 150 students with intelligence coefficient up to 120 based on the results of Cattle intelligence test were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from 60 classes of 6 educational districts in Isfahan. In the second stage, Learning Disorders Checklists, Teacher Checklist for screening gifted students with learning disorders, Diagnostic Tests for learning disorders, visual and auditory evaluations and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children were administered. Considering the received results, 28 gifted students had learning disorders. In the third stage, 18 gifted students with learning disorders (girls and boys) were selected and placed randomly in to 2 groups of experimental(n=9) and control(n=9). Then, cognitive-behavioral therapy was administered to experimental group in 6 sessions (every session was 120 minutes). To evaluate athletic competence self- perception, the Athletic Competence Subscale of Self- Perception Profile for Learning Disorder Students that we designed based Self-Perception Profile for Learning Disabled Students (SPPLD) and Athletic Self - concept Subscale of Pyryt - Mendaglio Self-Perception Survey (PMSPS) were administered to the two groups (experimental and control) in the pretest and posttest stages.

Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that cognitive - behavioral therapy was effective in improving athletic competence self- perception (P< 0.002. of gifted students with learning disorders.

Conclusion: Low athletic competence self- perception was related to perfectionism, high self-expectations, fear of not being the best and avoiding athletic activities which can be improved by cognitive - behavioral therapy.

P183- Introductory Validation of Tests Measuring Attitudes toward Mainstream Instruction Programs for Children with Hearing Impairment

keivan Kakabaraee 1 *, Mehran Farhadi2, Maryam Seidy3

1. Corresponding author: PhD of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah, Iran

2. PhD of Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Boalisina, Hamadan, Iran

3. Young Researcher Club, Kermanshah Branch, Iran

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Measurement is considered one of the important components of educational and treatment process, and plays a pivotal role in the decision making, and appropriate intervention.

Objectives: The major aim of this study was to create a questionnaire for measuring attitude to mainstream instruction of deaf children.

Method: To acquire the items of questionnaire, 12 open questions were designed for 120 parents and teachers of deaf male students. In the first stage, 143 items were obtained. Then, 81 items were selected with the help of experts.

Results: Analysis with Varimax rotation was performed on the data obtained from the last sample (n: 360) including parents and teachers of normal and deaf children. Data analysis revealed that40 items in 8 factor had factor loadings 0.50 or above. Cronbachs Alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.94 and test - retest reliability with the second performance in after 2-3 weeks was 0.84, indicating a high internal consistency and test- retest reliability of the scale.

Conclusion: This study provided valid and reliable instruments to facilitate identification and timely interventions for children with hearing impairment.

P184- Normalization, Validity and Reliability of Classroom and School Community Questionnaire

Maryam Asar1 ,Mahmood Heidari2

1.Corresponding author: MA student in educational counseling, Department of psychology, University of ShahidBeheshti, Tehran, Iran.

2. P.H.Dc P.H.D in educational psychology, Department of psychology, University of ShahidBeheshti, Tehran, Iran.

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: High school students constitute a large stratum of our country population. Also, classroom and school are very important settings for this age group.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the normalization, validity and reliability of the Classroom and School Community Questionnaire among highschool students of Tehran.

Method: Two hundred fifty one students were selected by random sampling method and requested to fill out the questionnaire that had been translated and normalized with Iran's culture.

Results: Validation coefficient of this questionnaire was computed by Cronbach's alpha method, and was 0/84 for classroom questionnaire, and 0/81for the school community. In factor analysis results, 2 factors of social support and learning were identified.

Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, the Classroom and School Community Questionnaire has a good validity and reliability, and the factors identified in factor analysis can appropriately measure the class roomand school community.

P185- Comparison of Subscales of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test in 6 - 8 Year Old and 9-11 Year Old Children

Samira Rostami1 *, Ali Fathi Ashtiani2

1. Corresponding author:Master of Science in Clinical Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2. Phd in Psychology, Professor, Behavioral Sciences Research Centre Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Email address: [email protected]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare intelligence scales among children in preoperational and concrete logical operational stages.

Method: Subjects were 58 preoperational and 75 concrete operational children in an elementary school in Tehran. Subjects were assessed using Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Data were analyzed using independent samples t test.

Results: Based on the data, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the two groups only in working memory subscale scores.

Conclusion: According to Piaget's theory, 7-11 year old children are in concrete operational cognitive developmental stage that is divided into 2 semi-stages: preoperational (preparation of concrete operational stage); and concrete logical operational (attainment of concrete operational stage). Considering the key role of working memory in cognitive operations, results suggest that findings of this study are consistent with Piaget's theory about the cognitive development through concrete operational stage.

P186- Normalization of Social Maturity Questionnaire and Comparing itsCharacteristics in Male and FemaleAdolescents

Elahe Fasihfar1 ,ZohreMotamediBarabadi2

1. Corresponding author Psychometric, MA,AllameTabatabai University, Tehran,I ran.

2. Psychologist of the Exceptional Children ,MA, AllameTabatabai University, Tehran,Iran.

Email: Elahefas i hfa ra y a hoo. com

Introduction: Social maturity is one's experience in social relationships to be coordinated with people in society. Socialization is a process through which a culture teaches its members to coordinate its performance with those ways which are socially acceptable. Socialization is essential for humankind as they do not have any instincts to determine special behaviors for specific situations. We should learn how to feel, think, and behave in different conditions.

Objective: 1.To compare social maturity in male and female adolescents .2-To make sexual norm in this age group.

Methods: This study used Social Maturity Questionnaire which considers psychometric properties(reliability of the test by Cronbach s Alpha of questionnaire's test was 0/85 and 16 factors were obtained by using exploratory factor analysis) using survey research method. In this study, 434 male and female adolescents were selected by stratified sampling method in Sabzevar.

Results: T-test was used in this study and revealed no significant difference between the mean scores of males and females at 0/95 confidence level. However, no significant difference was observed between males' and females' mean scores in subscale of socialization, lawful, personal hygiene, and autonomy.

Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the mean scores of males and females at 0/95 confidence level.

Also in this study, the conversion of raw scores to normalized standard scores,includes: Z,T

P187- Analysis of the Interpretation of Family Drawing Test in 5-6Years Old Children

MahvashRaghibi1 Havasheikh2 .somayehAshrafinacab3

1. University ofsistan and b aluchestan,Zahedan,Iran. BS in general psychology

2.Corresponding: University ofsistan and baluchestan,Zahedan ,Iran. BS in general psychology

3. University ofsistan and baluchestan,Zahedan Jran.

Email: sfarahnaz3 [email protected]

Introduction: Drawing is a contour between symbolic and mental image. Drawing is a preparation process while it can be considered as a product of preparation as well. Drawing, indeed, plays the role of language in some stages of child development.

Objective: The present study aims to examine psychological differences between boys and girls which ultimately lead to achieve some kinds of information about these children's family situations.

Method: Fifty pre-school children (28girls and 22 boys) with age range of 5-6inZahedan kindergartens took part in the study. To collect data, the Family Drawing Test was used. Multi- stage random sampling was employed for selecting subjects and a descriptive method was employed for analyzing the obtained data. Result: The result indicated that violence, courage, chaos, agility, anger, anxiety, emotional insecurity, feeling of discrimination, differences between family members and the distance between family members were more vivid in girls' drawings. This demonstrated boys' relative calmness in comparison with girls. The attachment to them other, considering the mother worthy or unworthy, removal of mother, replication with the mother were more clear in girls' drawings. However, attachment to the father, considering him worthy, and replication with the father were more clear in the boys' drawings. Girls were more ideal oriented and were dreaming more than boys. They were more skillful in differentiating between reality and dream. Moreover, the analysis showed that girls' drawings were more balanced and developed. In girls' drawings, both parents were the source of power in the family, but in the boys' drawing their father was considered more powerful. Boys employed non-parents patterns more than girls. Girls mostly used positive contents in their drawings while boys frequently employed negative contents. All subsets of the test was examined and discussed in this study.

Conclusion: Sings of abnormality in the girls' drawings were more than boys.

P188- The Relationship between Parenting Style and Development of Students' Self-esteem

Hassan Hevdari1, Ensiyeh Ebrahim' ,Nahide Kermani3

1 .Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, khomein Branch, Khomein ,iran

2.Corresponding author : Master of MasterPsychometric, Tehran, Iran (ALA)

3. student in clinical psychology Sari University, Tehran, Lran (MA)

*E-mail address: ensyebrahim&gmail.com

Introduction: Family is the first and the most durable factor known as the constructor and substructure of adolescents' personality and behaviours. With comparing the educational patterns of families, we can recognize important aspects of parenting in development and personality of adolescents and acquire appropriate information which is consistent with the socio-cultural circumstances of our society.

Objectives: The present study investigated the relationship between parents' parenting style(authoritarian permissive engaging .powerful) and children's self-esteem(academic, social, family, general) and academic progress.

Methods: The research method was descriptive, with emphasis on the correlation. The participants were 80 female student Raise Esteem Inventory Data, Inventory Baum rind parenting style and student GPA was used. Multiple regressions(to predict academic achievement and self-esteem through parenting practices) was used to analyze the data.

Results: According to the findings, the relationship between "parenting styles" with "self-esteem" in the05/0 = ? was observed. However, the relationship between parenting style and academic achievement were found between there gressionco efficient positive self-esteem was found between authoritative parenting style).

Conclusions: The results showed that the components can anticipate your "social" and "your honor student" self-esteem is through parenting practices.

P189-_Application of Expert systems in Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Children with Developmental Disabilities

Marvam mahmoudi, 1 BagherGhobariBonab, " Mohsen Shokoohi YektcC

1.Corresponding author: Psychology and Education Science Faculty, Student of Μ. ?., University of Tehran, Tehran, Lran

2.Psychology and Education Science Faculty, Associate professor, University of Tehran, Tehran, Lran

*Email: mahmoody_m(aiut. ac. ir

Introduction: The rapid evolution of computers and computing technology has played an important role in defining and measuring the psychological phenomena. Today .expert systems in various are as of decision making are used especially in theme dicalfield and special education. They also have several advantages, including: saving time, providing Standardized testing situations, suggesting possible feedback, and adaptive testing can be a lower threshold for referral should be stored and automatically test results

Objective: The purpose of the present review is to provide an account of developments in expert systems to augment work of clinical psychologists with children who suffer from developmental disabilities.

Methods: This paper reviews the methods developed to date for diagnosis and rehabilitation of children with developmental disabilities.

Results: These systems are widely used in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of children with disabilities. The results of these systems are accurate and valid. These systems are validated through two methods: The expert system allows communication between ascore and ascoreis given by another professional and alternatively, the relationship between scale scores and the other focuses on expert systems.

Conclusion: We emphasized the potential for using expert systems in clinical activities for developmental disabilities services.

P190- Normalization, Validity and Reliability of Classroom and School Community Inventory

Marvam Asar1 , Mahmood Heidari

1. Corresponding author: MA student in educational counseling, Department of psychology, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Lran

2. Ρ .HD in educational psychology, Department of psychology, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Lran

* Email: maryamasar(alvmail. com

Introduction: High school students constitute a large stratum of Iran's population; and classroom and school enviromnent is very important to them.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the normalization validity and reliability of classroom and school community questionnaire among high school students of Tehran.

Method: Two hundred fifty one students were selected by random sampling and requested to fill out a questionnaire that had been translated and normalized based on the Iranian culture.

Results: validation coefficient of the classroom and school community questionnaire was computed by Cronbach's alpha method, and it was 0/84 for classroom questionnaire and 0/81 for the school community. In factor analysis results, 2 factors of social support and learning were identified.

Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, the questionnaire has a good validity and reliability, and the factors identified in the factor analysis can appropriately measure classroom and school community.

P191- Youth Quality of Life Instrument- Surveillance Version (YQOL-S): Reliability and Convergent Validity

Amir Nik-Azin1,Mohamad Reza Shairi2, Mohamad Reza Naeinian2

1. Corresponding author: M. A. in Clinical Psychology. Faculty of Arts and H umanity, Shahed University, Khalij Fars High Way, Tehran, Iran

2 .Ph. D. In Clinical Psychology, Associate Prof, of Clinical Psychology Department, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

*E-mail: amirghayyari@yahoo. com

There has been a significant increase in the development and utilization of pediatric health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures in an effort to improve pediatric patients' health and determine the value of healthcare services. The objective of the present study was toexamine the reliability and convergent validity of Youth Quality of Life Instrument- Surveillance Version (YQOL-S) in a sample of Iranian students. Methods and Materials: Ninety two (43 boys and 49 girls) secondary (50 people) and high school students (42 people) aged 11 to 18 were selected using the multistage sampling. The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 14.75 (2.01) years. The following instruments were used: Youth Quality of Life Instrument- Surveillance version (YQOL-S) (Patrick and et al, 2002), Health- related Quality of Life Questionnaires KIDSCREEN - 52 Self-report Form (Ravens-Sieberer and et al, 2005) (including physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, moods and emotions, self-perception, autonomy, parental relationships and family life, social support and peers, school environment, social acceptance and financial resources dimensions) and Personal Weil-Being Index Student Report (PWI-SC) (Cummins andLau, 2004). Results: The Cronbach Alfa coefficients of the YQOL-S contextual items (5 items), perceptual items (8 items) and total items (13 items) were 0.36, 0.85 and 0.85, respectively. The correlation between YQOL-S contextual items score and KIDSCREEN-52 dimensions scores was weak (for social support and peers dimension) to high (for mood and emotion dimension). Also, the correlation between YQOL-S perceptual items score and KIDSCREEN-52 dimensions scores was weak (for social acceptance dimension) to high (for parental relationship and family life dimension). Both YQOL-S contextual and perceptual items scores had high correlations with PWI-SC. In general, YQOL-S perceptual items score had a higher correlation with other QOL questionnaires used in this study. Conclusion: YQOL-S instrument perceptual items had good psychometric properties in Iranian students and can be used in healthcare service.

P192- Ego Impairment in Schizophrenic and Normal children: A comparison using the Rorschach Ego Impairment Index

Mohammd Reza Mohammadil, Seyyed Abufazel Hosseininasab2

1.Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Director of Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences

2. Corresponding author: MS of psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

Email: faxel!4@yahoo. com

Introduction: Childhood-onset Schizophrenia (COS) is a rare and severe type of schizophrenia and it is characterized by the beginning of psychotic symptoms before the age of 12. In psychodynamic approach, ego impairment is the most important characteristic of schizophrenic patients. Because of the nature of ego, it can be addressed by the Rorschach test in the best way.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of ego impairment in schizophrenic children and compare it with normal children using Rorschach Ego Impairment Index.

Method: 10 sampled schizophrenic children were compared with 10 sampled normal children based on the score of the ego impairment scale. Then, the Rorschach test was administered on both groups, and the ego impairment index was calculated after the protocols of the participants were coded. The results were analyzed using Independent t-test.

Results: The results of the analysis showed that the degree of ego impairment is significantly higher in the schizophrenic children than the score of normal children. In addition, the usefulness of the Rorschach Ego Impairment Index (Ell) in evaluating ego impairment in schizophrenic children was confirmed.

Conclusion: Higher score in this index reveals higher ego impairment and weaker operations in ego operations. Cognitive deficits, poor interpersonal relationships and false perception of reality are prominent features of schizophrenic children that are addressed in the Ego Impairment index.

P193- An Investigation of the Relationship between Being Religious and Tolerance in Mothers of Students with Special Needs

Ali-Asghar Dädmehr1 , Salär Farämarzi2, Käzem Rezäyi3, Mohammad HoseinalizädehA

1. Corresponding author: M.A. student of Psychology: Teaching Students with Special Needs, University of Isfahan

2. Ph.D. in Psychology, Department of Psychology: Teaching Students with Special Needs, Psychology and Educational Sciences College, University of Isfahan

3. M.A. student of Psychology: Teaching Students with Special Needs, University of Isfahan

4. M.A. student of Psychology: Teaching Students with Special Needs, University of Isfahan

*Email:Aliasghar. dadmeh@yahoo. com

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between being religious and being tolerant among mothers of students with mental disability, sight deficiency, and hearing problems.

Method: This is a qualitative research in which correlations were used. Thirty mothers of mentally- disabled students, 30 mothers of students with sight deficiency, and 30 mothers of students with hearing problems were selected through a multiple-phase sampling. Conner-Davidson (2003) Tolerance Scale (CD-RISC), and Religious Disposition Test Questionnaire_ the revised form (2003)were used to collect data. The collected data were then analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and simple linear regression using SPSS 19.

Results: The findings of the study demonstrated a significant relationship between being religious and being tolerant in mothers of students with special needs (r=0.374) (p=0/0001). Moreover, a significant positive relationship was obtained between the components of being religious (beliefs, customs, and ethics) and tolerance.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, families with high religious inclinations show more tolerance. Further, tolerance is of prime importance for families particularly for those mothers who try to cope with their children's special needs.

P194- Effectiveness of Play Therapy in Reduction of Anxiety in Children with Cancer (Case Reports)

FarnazFarshbafManei Sefat1 , Sarvin, Ansar Hosien2

1. Corresponding author: Psychologist, A.M, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2. Psychologist, A.M, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

*Email: maneisefat@yahoo. co. in

Introduction: Play is a suitable method for children treatment. In play therapy programs, some instruments designed for encouragement and expression of emotions are given to children. Children can expose their fears and cope with them by these instruments.

Objective: Anxiety is the most prevalent emotional disorder in patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of play therapy in reduction of anxiety in children with cancer.

Methods: A single case study was implemented. This study was carried out on an anxious girl (9 years old) with blood cancer. This child received 12 child- centered play therapy sessions. In this investigation, Revised Children Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) was used.

Results: Visual analysis of data indicated that psychological anxiety, worry and oversensitivity, social concern/concentration were reduced after the therapy. The most reduction has been observed in worry and oversensitivity. The percent age of improvement index showed significant changes in each of the third subscales.

Conclusion: Play therapy methods can be used to reduce anxiety in children with cancer.

P195-Relationship between Spiritual Health and Adjustment in Hospitalized Adolescents

HadiJafariManesh1 , ZahraNajafi1, Amir Jafari manesh1, Mohammad Jafari Manesh1, AkramJafari Manesh1

1-Corresponding Author: Master Science of Nursing, Facultyof Medical Sciences, University of Medical Science of Arak, Arak,Iran

Email: jafarimanesh@arakmu. ac. ir

Introduction: Spiritual heal this an important dimension of human health. Spiritual health provides, coordinates an integrates relationship between internal forces. Spiritual heal this necessary for fighting a disease.

Objective:This study investigated the relationship between spiritual health and social, emotional and educational adjustment in hospitalized adolescent patients in Arak.

Methods:

This was a descriptive - correlational study, in which 130patientswere selected by multi-stage random sampling from ValiasrandAmirKabir hospitals in Arak. Data were collected through Adjustment of High School Students' Questionnaire, and Spiritual Health Pvlvtzyn and Ellison Questionnaire. Content, construct and internal validity and test- retest reliability methods were used to determine validity and reliability respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and statistical tests at the significance level of P<0.05. Results: The results of data analysis showed that most samples were female(54.6 percent), single(97.7 percent), grade school(49.2%) and ethnic Persians(87.7 percent). Positive and significant correlation was found between scores of adolescents' spiritual health and score of adjustment (p <0/001).

Conclusion: Religious individuals believe in the higher origin and worship Him. They deal with tragic events such as diseases easier, and are stronger than adolescents with lower levels of spiritual health.

P196-The Predictive Role of Spiritualityand Religiosityin Quality of Life of Children Surviving Cancer

Isaac RahimianBoogar (PhD) 1 *

1- Correspondent author: Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences & Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

Email address: [email protected]

Introduction: The quality of life for children surviving cancer is a fundamental aspect in pediatric and clinical investigations. Previous researches showed that children surviving cancer may be at elevated risk for psychopathological symptomatology and psychosocial problems.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictive role of spirituality and religiosity of quality of life of children surviving cancer.

Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 63 childhood cancer survivors who attended to Tehran Children Hospital were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected by demographical data, Children's Religious Coping Scale (CRC), and The Pediatric Cancer Quality of Life Inventory-32 (PCQL- 32). Then, data were analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression analysis with PASW software.

Results: Spiritualityalong with religiosity significantly predicted quality of lifeespecially psychosocial outcomes in children surviving cancer (P<0/001).

Conclusion: Lower spirituality and loss of religiosity is important in deterioration of cancer-related quality of life for those children who have survived cancer. Therefore, these factors should be considered to improve the quality of life of this group of children.

P197-Premorbid Adjustment, General Performance in Time of Hospitalizing and Mania Severity in 3 Month Follow up in Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder

Parviz Molavi ', Sajjad Basharpoor 2

1. Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

2. Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

Email: basharpoor_sajjad@yahoo. com

Introduction: The therapeutic outcome of children's and adolescents' bipolar disorder was affected by many factors, two of which are premorbid adjustment and patient general performance in time of hospitalization.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of premorbid adjustment and patient general performance in hospitalizing time in the prediction of mania severity in 3 month follow up in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.

Methods: The participants were 80 patients under 18 (10-18 year old) in during January 2009 to July 2010, who were admitted to Tehran Roozbeh Hospital with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. The available sampling method was used for selection. The design of the study was prospective Cohort. Participants were evaluated using a researcher made questionnaire, K-SADS (to confirm the diagnosis), YMRS, CGAS and PAS at admission, discharge, and 3-month follow-up. For data analysis, Pearson Correlation coefficient and multivariate regressions analysis were used.

Results: The results of Pearson correlation test showed that patients' general performance in time of hospitalizing was negatively correlated with severity of mania in the 3 -month follow up. The result of regression test showed that this variable explains 7 percent of variance of severity of mania in the 3- month follows up. Results of this study did not show any relationship between severity of mania and premorbid adjustment.

Conclusion: These results point the importance of patients' general performance in therapeutic decisions in bipolar disorder.

P198- Relationship between Religious Bias and Emotional,Social and Training Compatibility in High School Students

ZahraNajafi, ,HadiJafariManesh2, Amir Jafarimanesh, Mohammad Jafari Manesh, AkramJafariManesh

1. Corresponding Author: Bachelor of Nursing, Islamic Azad Universityof Arak, Arak, Iran

2. Master ofNursing Management, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Medical Science of Arak, Arak, Iran

Email: jafarimanesh@arakmu. ac. ir

Introduction: Religion as a tremendous power can help emotional, social and training compatibility. From Alport perspective, religious bias has two forms: inner and outer. In inner religious bias, faith, is automatically exalted worth and pervasive commitment, and is not considered an instrument for reaching the purpose. However, in outer religious bias, religion is considered as an outer factor and instrument for satisfying individual's requirements. Emotional compatibility means mechanisms that find emotional stability and social compatibility. It is essential to study and find whether there is a meaningful relationship between religious bias and youths' compatibility.

Objective: The present research was done with the aim of surveying the relationship between religious bias(inner, outer) with social, emotional and training compatibility in female high -school students in Arak.

Methods: This was a descriptive -correlational research. Statistical society covers all Arak female high school students. Two hundred sixty students were selected by multi-stage random sampling. Research instruments were two questionnaires: 1) Alport Religious Bias Questionnaire with two dimensions, and 21 items; 2) Compatibility Questionnaire of High School Students with 60 items, and three dimensions (emotional social and training). Data were analyzed by SPSS software.

Results: The results of data analysis demonstrated a meaningful relationship between outer religion bias and training compatibility dimension. No meaningful relation was observed between other dimensions of religious bias and compatibility dimensions. Also, meaningful relation was observed between times of participation in religious ceremonies and inner religious bias.

Conclusion: Active participation in religious ceremonies can promote inner religious bias dimension in female students.

P199- Bruxism: Prevalence and Associating Factors in 2-6 Years Old Children

Maryam Seyfliashemi ,RahebGhorbani ,ParvizBahadoran, KatayoonBorhani,

Objective: Bruxism is one of the most common habit disorders. Little is known about its etiology and risk factors; however, it could be associated with a number of sleep or habit disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bruxism and its associating factors in Iranian children.

Method: This was a cross sectional study in which 604 children were assessed. Mothers of 2-6 year old children were asked to complete a questionnaire that was designed to collect information about age, sex, mother's occupation, and the child's behavioral habits and life style. Then, data were collected and analyzed by chi- square and logistic regression tests and results were prepared.

Results: In General, the prevalence of bruxism among 2-6 year old children was 26.8%. The prevalence of bruxism has a significant association with age, sex, snoring and drooling during sleep, sleep talking and crying, separation from mother during day times and going to nursery. Bruxism was most commonly seen in 4-5 year old children.

Conclusion: The study revealed that stress-inducing life style has a significant association with bruxism. Bruxism is more likely to happen in children with other habit disorders and sleep problems.

P200- The Relationship between Cognitive Development and the Components of God Concept with Demographic Characteristics of Adolescents

BagherGhobari Bonab1, Ali Akbar HaddadiKuhsar1 ,Mir Hosein Youzbashi1

1. Associate professor, University of Tehran, Faculty of psychology and education, Tehran, Iran,

*Email : [email protected]

Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive development and quality of God concept with demographic characteristics of adolescents.

Materials and Methods: To fulfill the stated goal, 160 high school students (80male, and 80 female) were selected by random sampling from the north and south of Iran, and the following measures of (Lawrence, 1965), and Conversation test of Piaget (1995) were used.

Results: Analysis of data revealed the following results: 1) Quality of God concept was correlated with cognitive development, and higher cognitive development was associated with a more abstract and richer conception of God; 2) Adolescents in the northern part of Tehran were more advanced in their quality of God concept; 3) Age was an important factor in predicting cognitive development and establishment of God concept in adolescents.

Conclusions: Theoretical implication and practical application of the study have been discussed in the original paper.

P201- The Relationship between Attachment to God with Anxiety and Depression in High School Students

BagherGhobariBonab, Ph.D1, Ali Akbar HaddadiKuhsar M.A1

1Associate professor, University of Tehran, Faculty of psychology and education, Tehran, Iran,

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between quality of attachment to God with anxiety and depression in students.

Materials and Methods: To accomplish the stated goal, llOhigh schoolstudentsin Qom were selected by multistage cluster sampling procedure. The Attachmen to God Scale (Ghobari and Haddadi, 1390) and Scales of Anxiety and Depression in Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis& Melisaratos, 1983) were administered.

Results: Analysis of data using a multiple regression analysis revealed that the magnitude ofanxiety and depression can be predicted by the quality ofattachment to God. Moreover, data revealed that high school students with secure attachment to God had lower anxiety and depression than students who had a insecure attachment to God (anxious and avoidant).

Conclusion: Theroretical implications of the findings in treatment of mental disorders are discussed in the paper.

P202- Determination the Role of Meta Cognition Beliefs and Religious Beliefs in Mental Health of Female High School Students in Qom

Hossein Ali mehrabi1, Fateme Bahrami2&Mehrdad Kalantari1

1 .Department of Educational Sciences &Psychology Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.-

2. Department of Human Sciences, MA student in Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad university on najaf Abad, Isfahan, Iran.

*Email: mehrabihossein@yahoo. com

Introduction: Various Biological, psychological, social and spiritual factors effect adolescents' mental health. However, a few studies investigated the role of psychological and spiritual factors on adolescent'smental health.

Objectives: In this research, the relation between mental health and Meta cognition Beliefs, religious beliefs and demographic variables was investigated , and mental health in term of these variables were predicted.

Method and Materials: In this correlational study, 300 female high school students in Qom were selected by cluster random sampling, and assessed by SCL-90- R, MCQ30, Religious Beliefs Scales, and demographic questionnaires.

Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient demonstrated a relationship between beliefs about uncontrollability of thoughts, low cognitive confidence and positive beliefs about worry. Furthermore, there was a relation between believing in God, love, and religious acts with socio economic status and adolescents' mental health(p<0.05). However, the results of stepwise regression showed that in these variables negative beliefs about uncontrollability of thoughts 36.4%, religious acts 4.1% and cognitive confidence 2.4% and all of these variables can predict 43% of female adolescents' mental health(p<0.05).

Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that Meta cognitions and religious beliefs have an important role in adolescents' mental health. Specifically, self- cognition and determination of ideologies are main elements in adolescence period in which identity crisis occurs. Therefore, they need to be investigated.

P203- Depression in Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy: A 15 Year Research Review of Prevalence, Demographic and Seizure Related Correlates

Maryam Seyftiashemi* ,ParvizBahadoran

Objective: The paper aimed to study the prevalence of depression in children and adolescents with epilepsy by reviewing the existing literature, looking for any association between depression in these children and their demographic or seizure related factors to highlight the potential risk factors for depression in epileptic children.

Methods: A search of literature was carried out to study original English articles published during the last 15 years, focusing on only epileptic children and adolescents, studying depression as comorbidity of epilepsy, and describing demographic and epilepsy- related factors associated with depression.

Results: The articles included in this study have reported data on 1095 epileptic children aged 4-19 and showed that the prevalence of depression has continued to be very common in epileptic children and adolescents ranging from 5.2% to 39.6%. On the whole, the findings did not support the presence of an association between depression and demographic or seizure variables in children.

Conclusion: Pediatricians and other physicians working with epileptic children should have a high index of suspicion for depression as a comorbid condition in children with epilepsy. Early diagnosis and more comprehensive packages of care for depression in children with epilepsy will enable them to have a better quality of life.

Ρ 204- The Relationship between Death Anxiety and Suicidal Thinking with Religious Beliefs of Female Junior Highschool Students in District Four of Ahvaz

AbdolAmirGatezadeh1, Aminehsaki2 ,Hoda neisi3

1, Department of Guidance & counseling Islamic Azad University, susangerd, Khuzestan, Iran.

2. Department of Guidance & counseling Islamic Azad University, susangerd, Khuzestan, Iran.

3 Department of forienge of language Islamic Azad University, susangerd, Khuzestan, Iran.

Email:Psycho9916@gmail. com

The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between death anxiety and suicidal thinking with religious beliefs of female junior high school female students of district 4 of Ahvaz. The study sample included 160 female students selected through simple random sampling. The general hypothesis was that death anxiety and suicidal thinking have a significant negative relationship with religious beliefs of students. This was a correlational study. Templer'sScale of Death Anxiety (DAS), Beck's Suicidal Thinking Estimation (BSSI) and Religious Thinking Orientation Scale were used for data collection. Pierson correlation coefficient and multi variant regression were used to analyze data. The study results showed a meaningful relationship between death anxiety and religious beliefs, and between suicidal thinking and religious beliefs. Besides, the result of regression analysis revealed that suicidal thinking prediction variable predicts religious beliefs better.

P205- The Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy Based on Religious Attitudes on Adolescents' Depression

Najmeh Hamid1

1. Associate professor of clinical psychology,department of clinical psychology, ShahidChamranUniversity,Ahvaz,Iran

*Email:n. hamid@scu. ac. ir

Introduction: Depression is a common disorder among adolescents, and often runs a relapsing clinical course, which lead to some psycho social problems for adolescents in the future. Therefore, there was an interest in developing new treatment. Also, TPT-A based on religious attitudes may be easily used as a treatment approach to a variety of settings, emphasizing to identify the problem area, to relate depressive symptoms to problem areas, to focus on current relationships, and to help the adolescents master the interpersonal context of their depression based on meta cognitive attitudes with precipitating the family.

Objective: The aim of this research was to study the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy based on religious attitudes in depressive adolescents.

Methods: The research method was experimental with pre-post, follow up and control group. The sample consisted of 30 depressive adolescents who were selected based on clinical interview and met the DSM- IV-TR criteria for depression and Beck Depression Inventory. Also, they were matched for age, sex, educational status and other criteria considered in this research. We used 12 sessions of interpersonal psychotherapy for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention.

Results: The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<0.001). Further, the rate of depression in the experimental group significantly decreased compared with pretest and control group. These results significantly persisted in the follow up. Conclusion: Interpersonal psychotherapy based on religious attitudes was effective in decreasing depression in adolescents.

P206- The Examination of Effect of Spiritual- Religious Group Therapy on Increasing Happinessof Students in Mashhad

Resvan moa! em1, Bahramalighanbari hashemabacf ,mohammadsaeedabdekhodayB

1. The Scholar of Master of clinical psychology of FerdowsiUniversi sty. of Mashhad Faculty of Education Psychology

2. Corresponding Author: Assistance professor and Member of Scientific Mission of FerdowsiUniversi sty.of Mashhad Faculty of Education Psychology

3. Assistance professor and M ember of Scientific Mission of FerdowsiUniversi sty. ofMashhad Faculty of Education Psychology

*Email: ghanbari&.ferdowsi. um. ac. ir

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of spiritual-religious education on increasing happiness of students in Mashhad.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and control group. Sample under investigation was high school freshmen female students who were selected using random cluster sampling.

The research population was 28students who had low scoresin happiness. They were randomly divided in to experimental and control groups. Thirteen90 - minute training sessions were provided for the experimental group. Then a month after the last session the pre-test was performed for both groups. In this study, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was used.

Results: The results of the present study showed a significant difference between the two groups (PO.OOOl).

Conclusion: Spiritual religious group intervention play a key role in increasing happiness in students.

P207- Relationship between Attachment to God and Paranoid Ideation and Somatization in High School Students

Ali Akbar Haddadi Kuhsar1, Bagher Ghobari Bonab'

1. Clinical psychology, University of Tehran, School of psychology and education, Tehran, Iran

2.Associate professor, University of Tehran, School of Psychology and Education, Tehran,Iran

*Email: bghobari(aiut. ac. ir

Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between quality of attachment to God and paranoid ideation and somatization in students.

Materials and Methods: To accomplish the stated goal, llOhigh schoolstudents of Qom were selected by multistage cluster sampling procedure. The Attachmen to God Scale (Ghobari and Haddadi, 1390) and Scales of Paranoid Ideation and Somatization in Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis& Melisaratos, 1983) were administered.

Results: Analysis of data using a multiple regression analysis revealed that the magnitude ofparanoid ideation and somatization can be predicted by the quality ofattachment to God. Moreover, data revealed that high school students with secure attachment to God had lower paranoid ideation and somatization than students who had an insecure attachment to God(anxious).

Conclusion: Theroretical implications of the findings in treatment of mental disorders are discussed in the paper.

P208- The Relationship between Quality of God Concept and Cognitive Development in Children and Adolescents

BagherGhobariBonab, Ph.D1, Ali Akbar HaddadiKuhsar MA1, Mir Hosein Youzbashi M..! íAssociate professor, University of Tehran, Faculty of psychology and education, Tehran, Iran,

Email: bghobari(aiut. ac. ir

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between quality of God concept and cognitive development in children and adolescents.

Materials and Methods: The achieve the stated goal, 160 students in primary and middle schools in North and South regions of Tehran were selected by random sampling, and the Scales of God Concept (Lawrence, 1968), and Conservation Test of Piaget were administered.

Result: Analysis of data revealed that quality of God concept was correlated with individuals' cognitive developments. Individuals who scored higher on cognitive development as measured by conservation tests of Piaget, had more abstract ideas of God's attribute such as presence, life, being invisible, powerfulness, omniscience, omnipotence, identity, and location of the deity.

Conclusion: Theoretical implications and practical applications of the finding have been illustrated in the original article.

P209- The Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy based on Religious Attitudes on Depression in Adolescents

Najmeh Hamid1

1. Associate professor of clinical psychology, department of clinical psychology, ShahidChamranUniversityAhwaz.Iran

*Email:n. hamid&scu. ac. ir

Introduction: Depression is a common disorder among adolescents and often runs a relapsing clinical course which may lead to some psycho social problems for adolescents in the future. Therefore, there was an interest in developing a new treatment for depression. Also, TPT-A based on religious attitudes as a treatment approach may be easily used in a variety of settings, emphasizing to identify the problem area, to relate depressive symptoms to problem areas, to focus on current relationships, and to help the adolescents master the interpersonal context of their depression based on meta cognitive attitudes with precipitating the family.

Objective: The aim of this research was to study the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy based on religious attitudes in depressive adolescents.

Methods: The research method was experimental with pre-post, follow up and control group. The sample consisted of 30 depressive adolescents who were selected based on clinical interview and met the DSM- IV-TR criteria for depression and beck depression inventory. Also, they were matched for age, sex, educational status and other criteria considered in this research. We used 12 sessions of interpersonal psychotherapy for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention.

Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.001). Further, the rate of depression in the experimental group significantly decreased compared with pretest and control group. These results significantly persisted after the follow up.

Conclusion: Interpersonal psychotherapy based on religious attitudes was effective in decreasing depression in adolescents.

P210- Rehabilitation of Sensory, Motor and Functional Improvement in Phenyl ketonuria: the introduction of intervention

AfroozA.l, Taziki Tl, Ghasemzadeh SI

1. Dep. Of Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

Introduction: The phenyl ketonuria treatment is a strict diet with very limited intake of phenylalanine, which is mostly found in foods containing protein. It can cause problems with brain development, leading to progressive mental retardation brain damage, seizures and delayed social skills.

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of motor therapy for a mentally retarded student who was suffering from Phenyl ketonuria with seizures attack. This was designed as a single subject study in one of the special education schools in Iranian village.

Methods: Assessment tool for pre and posttests was Lincholn Oserestky Movement Development Scale. Tomeasure social and emotional development, the Special Booklet for the Evaluation of Mental Retardation among Pre-school Students was used. Phenylalanine level was measured with blood test and seizures with measurable clinical observations. The intervention program included different motor therapy techniques for developing fine and gross motor activities and mental rehabilitation during ten weeks.

Results: The results showed that motor therapy could facilitate the development of self-help skills, height and gaining weight. Also, it could reduce the rate of epileptic attacks and frequency of seizures and phenylalanine levels in blood test. The current study indicated that motor therapy techniques have positive effects on social and emotional skills.

P211- Survey of Psychosocial Problems in Thalassemic Children and their Siblings in Kerman 2009

Mansour Arab1 , Abbas Abbaszadeh', Hadi Ranjbar1, Batool Pooraboli1, Masoud Ravani1

1. Corresponding author: Nurse, Lecturer, Nursing and Midwifery School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

2. Nurse, Associate Professor, Nursing and Midwifery School, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

*Email: mar ab (cifkmu. ac. ir

Introduction: Beta-Thalassemia is a chronic disease that can cause psychosocial problems in patients and their families.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of psychosocial problems in thalassemic children and their siblings and compare it with healthy children.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, thalassemic patients of Kerman Thalassemia Center and their siblings with age range of 4-16 years were interviewed using behavioral symptoms check list. The control group was selected from age matched healthy children in Kerman Schools. One hundred sixty seven thalassemic patients, their 166 siblings ,and 239 healthy children were interviewed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Τ and Chi-square tests using SPSS 18.

Results: 20.4% of thalassemic patients, 12% of siblings of patients and 7.9 % of healthy children had psychosocial problems (P=0.001). The psychosocial problems in thalassemic children were more common among boys than girls. Therefore, considering the results of the study, thalassemic children and their siblings need more psychological treatments.

Conclusion: There is a more chance of psychosocial problems among children with thalassemia and their siblings. Therefore, more attention should be paid to these families.

P212- A Comparison of Sleep Status among 3-7 Year-Old Children Involved in Masturbation with a Control Group in Isfahan

Mostafa Najafi1, Yaser Moin', Abbas Attari1

1 Corresponding author: child and a dolescent psychiatrist, professor. Behavioral Sciences Research center, Psychiatry Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2. Medical student, Behavioral Sciences Research center, Psychiatry Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Email: a attari&med. mui. ac. ir

Introduction: Childhood masturbation is defined as self-stimulation of the genitalia in a prepubescent child. It seems to be related with some behavioral and sleep disorders. No previous Iranian study has assessed the effects of this disorder on the formation of other disorders (such as sleep disorders).

Objective: To evaluate the sleep status of 3-7 year-old children suffering from masturbation.

Methods: This analytic, case-control study included fifty 3-7 year-old children with masturbation and fifty age- and sex-matched children as the control group. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and an Actigraphy Device.

Results: Child isolation and nightmare were related to masturbation. In addition lower actual sleep time and higher number of wake bouts were observed in girls with masturbation compared to those without masturbation. Sleep latency in boys with masturbation was more than boys without this problem.

Conclusion: In this study, we found some sleep disorders to be more frequent in children with masturbation. Reduction of such complications needs the attention of parents and physicians.

P213-The Effect of Cognitive-Religious Group Therapy on Psychological Profile and Hopefulness in Adolescents with Cancer in Ahvaz

Sara, Saedi, M A1,Neda Murray Najafabadi, ?Ι?',Amin Roustaei, ?Ι?

1. Corresponding author: ?Ι? in General Psychology Department, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

2.AI.A in General Psychology Department, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

*Email:sa. saedi&yahoo. com

Introduction: Research shows that cancer, in addition to physical symptoms, has many negative consequences such as depression anxiety, decreased sense of mental well-being and quality of life for cancer patients. Therefore, reducing mental and physical suffering and pains of this group of patients lias attracted the attention of researchers.

Objective: The target of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive-Religious Group Therapy on psychological profile and hopefulness in adolescents with cancer in Ahwaz.

Methods: Twenty adolescents with cancer who referred toShafa Hospital in Ahwaz were selected via sampling and divided into experimental(Cognitive- Religious group therapy) and control groups. This was an experimental study with pre-test and post-test and control group. The measurement instruments were Psychological Profile (SCL-90-R) and Miller life Expectation. Pre-test was performed for both groups. Then the experimental group underwent training and Cognitive-Religious therapy.The three groups were tested again after the intervention.

Multivariate covariance method (Mancova) was used for data analysis.

Results: Based on the results of multivariate analysis of covariance (Mancova), a significant difference was observed between the two groups (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, Cognitive-Religious Group Therapy has a positive effect on effective global severity index, severity of somatization, obsessive-compulsive interpersonal sensitivity, depression anxiety, and life expectation of adolescents with cancer in Ahwaz.

P214- Rehabilitation of Sensory, Motor and Functional Improvement in Phenylketonuria: the introduction of intervention.

Golamali Afrooz1., Τ avebehTaziki' , &Sovgand Ghasemzadeh3.

1. Professor of Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

2. Corresponding author: ?Ι? Student of Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

3. PhD Student of Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

* Email: ta.hanie&yahoo.com

Introduction: The main phenyl ketonuria treatment is a strict diet with very limited intake of phenylalanine, which is mostly found in foods containing protein. It can cause problems with brain development, leading to progressive mental retardation, brain damage, seizures and delayed social skills.

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of motor therapy for a mentally retarded student who was suffering from Phenyl ketonuria with seizures attack.

Method: This study was designed as a single subject study in one of special education schools in an Iranian village. Assessment tools for pre and post tests were Lincholn Oserestky Movement Development Scale, and the Special Booklet for the Evaluation of Mental Retardation among Pre-school Students for measuring social and emotional development. Phenylalanine level was measured with blood test, and seizures through measurable clinical observations. The intervention program included different motor therapy techniques for developing fine and gross motor activities and mental rehabilitation during ten weeks.

Results: The results showed that motor therapy could facilitate the development of self-help skills, height and gaining weight. Also it could reduce the rate of epileptic attacks and the frequency of seizures and phenylalanine levels in blood test.

Conclusion: The current study indicated that motor therapy techniques could have a positive effect on social and emotional skills.

P215- Dreaming in Children

Amir Ali Mazandarani'1'', Maria Aguilar-Vafaie(J

1. MSc of psychology, TarbiatModares University

2. Professor of psychology, TarbiatModares University

In the current article, first we review theories about dreaming with the emphasis on childhood, and we provide some of the most important empirical studies of children's dreams. Some of the pioneered analytical theorists have offered theories about dreaming in children (e.g. Freud, 1900; Jung, 1962). Cognitive theorists have also experimentally studied dreaming at different ages (e.g. Piaget, 1962; Foulkes, 1982). These studies have not been able to record the phenomenological experience of dreaming in infants (Bernliam and Conte, 2010). In spite of infancy, researchers have confirmed the presence of dreaming as early as 3 to 5 years of age (Foulkes, 1982). Similarly, studies have found a high correlation between children's cognitive developments (e.g. the development of theory of mind) and their dream reports (Meyer and Shore, 2001). The studies have also found predictable stages in the dreaming development that include: static imagination kinetic imagery, and active participation in dream events (Foulkes et al., 1990). Considering this studies and the fact that forebrain areas are involved in dreaming (Solms, 2000), it is possible to recognize dreaming as a cognitive ability that develop along with other cognitive, social, and emotional abilities (Foulkes, 1999).

P216- Academic Problems of Epileptic Children

LadanAfshar-Khas1

1. Pediatrician, assistant prof of pediatric department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: dr. afsharkhasl (cfyahoo. com

Introduction: Children and adolescents with epilepsy and adults with childhood-onset epilepsy often have social maladjustment, including poor educational attainment, lower occupational status, poorer perceived health and fitness, more behavior problems, lower rate of marriage as adults, higher rate of social isolation.

Objective: Educational underachievement is considered to be the greatest academic complication in a child with epilepsy.

Methods: Studies during the last 20 yearson behavioral, cognitive and social aspects of childhood epilepsy were reviewed.

Results : Common causes for educational problems in children with epilepsy are Neuropsychological deficits(impainnent in cognition attention and behavior, specific learning disabilities - in reading, writing, spelling or mathematics ), and Psychosocial issues(reduced learning opportunities, poor self esteem, reduced expectations).The risk for educational problems was found to be highest with symptomatic epilepsy associated with structural brain changes or genetic syndromes. Up to 90% of patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or West syndrome have significant learning disorders. Even in children with idiopathic epilepsy and normal intelligence(such as Rolandicseizure, absence), the prevalence of educational problems(verbal and nonverbal memory, word fluency) was greater than expected when compared to their control siblings .Several case reports have shown that learning processes are significantly affected by the intake of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs).These effects are seen maximally at higher doses of AEDs orduringpoly therapy and prolonged intake. The problems can range from blurring of vision and diplopia due to minimal cerebellar dysfunction to excessive sedation and reduced psychomotor speed.

Conclusion: Epilepsy in children may be associated with significant problems in learning and behavior leading to academic under achievement. Multiple factors contribute to these educational problems, major ones being cerebral pathology, ongoing seizures, antiepileptic drugs and psychosocial issues. Judicious management of all these factors is essential for an optimal outcome. Recent onset of educational problems in a child with epilepsy deserves immediate evaluation and management.

P217-Amphetamine-exposed Infants and Children

ladan fatah1, Sedigheh Maleki1,narjeskhatoun khatibi1

1. Islamic Azad university, ΤehranMedical branch

Infants born to mothers dependent on amphetamines have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight. These infants may experience symptoms of withdrawal. However, studies have suggested that babies exposed to amphetamine may have impaired growth behavioral and learning difficulties sleep disturbances and feeding problems. Children exposed to methamphetamine before birth tend to have aggressive behavior, delays in mathematics and language learning, skill development, and difficulty with physical fitness activities. At ages 3-5, children who had been exposed to methamphetamine in the womb had greater emotional reactivity and higher levels of anxiety and depression than their unexposed peers. Also, at this age, exposure was associated with behavior problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Careful monitoring of the neonates of mothers who used amphetamines while pregnant is recommended. Comfort measures- especially touch, reduced stimulation (e.g., a quiet room with dim lighting)-are generally sufficient to care for these babies. Increasing awareness and improving understanding of drug abuse in the medical, legal and social aspects are needed to reduce these impacts. The ability to identify specific behavioral syndromes in children as early as preschool age could lead to the development of preventive intervention programs, and early intervention may prevent incidence of disease and disability.

This article describes the assessment and treatment of infants and children who were exposed to Amphetamine based on scientific evidence and clinical consensus regarding diagnosis and effective treatment. Also, this study considers risk factors for exposed and related problems, side effects and co morbidity with other psychiatric disorders.

P218- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Sub Specialty Theses in Iranian Universities

Gilda Rajabi D amavandi1, Javad Mahmoudi- Gharaei', Nasrin Sohrabi Fard3 Hediveh farahi4

1. M.A in Exceptional Children Psychology and Training, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic republic of Iran

2. Child and A dolescent Psychiatrist, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic republic of Iran

3. M.A in Psychometric , Islamic Azad University Tehran Central branch

4. MB in Exceptional Children Psychology and Training, Alzahra university

Introduction: Sub specialty theses are always performed as the final research project with education and research purposes. There are many limitations in their methods and designs.

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to evaluate child and adolescent psychiatry theses regarding their subjects and methods including their main focus, instruments, statistical models, type and design of the studies.

Methods: This descriptive retrospective study has investigated all post graduate subspecialty child and adolescent psychiatry theses in Iran Universities including Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Data collection was through library research methods. 57 subspecialty child and adolescent psychiatry theses have been studied. Data Analysis was performed using descriptive statistical method.

Results: According to the results the most studies are focused mainly on ADHD and BMD field with a frequency of 45.6% and 10.5% respectively. Clinical trials were the most common type with the rate of 61.5%. 36.8% of these trials were pharmaceutical. Children and adolescents with a frequency of 52.6% were the most frequent participants of the studies. The Findings related to sampling methods, design, variables, statistical methods and ethical considerations will be presented during the conference.

Conclusion: final conclusion will be presented during the conference.

P219- Comparing the Effectiveness of Attachment Therapy in the Symptom Improvement of Aggression, Depression and Anxiety of 10-12 Year Old children

Naser Yoosef*

1Corresponding author: Assistant Professor of Family Counseling Department, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

Email: Naseryoosefi&yahoo. com.

Introduction: Children with histories of maltreatment, such as physical and psychological neglect, aggression depression and anxiety are at risk of developing severe psychological problems. In particular, they are likely to develop Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). The aggression depression and anxiety experienced is the result of abuse or neglect, inflicted by a primary caregiver, which disrupts the normal development of secure attaclunent. Such children are at risk of developing disorganized attaclunent, which is associated with a number of developmental problems, including dissociative symptoms as well as depressive, anxiety, and acting-out symptoms. The term 'disorganized attaclunent' is a research category used to describe a pattern and style of attaclunent behavior and the attaclunent system. The term 'Reactive Attaclunent Disorder' is a psychological diagnosis defined in the DSM-IV.

Objective: This study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of attaclunent therapy for symptom improvement of children suffering from aggression, depression and anxiety.

Method: Among all students in basic school in the city of Sanandaj, 10-12 year old children were selected by random sampling method .Aggressive, depressed, and anxious children were diagnosed by applying SCL-90- R test. Sixty subjects were randomly assigned into two groups (30 subjects in each Group). Therefore, three groups were organized as attaclunent therapy and control groups. The SCL-90-R scale was employed both before and after interventions to measure aggression, depression and Anxiety of the subjects.

Results: The results of this study indicated that attaclunent therapy is effective in reducing and improving aggression and anxiety of children.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that attaclunent therapy as a modern therapy method which is based on parent- child relationship improves aggression and anxiety of children. Therefore, therapists may use it in counseling sessions and therapy Centers. Further, attaclunent therapy is important in reducing mental symptoms in the following up stage.

P220- Effectiveness of Spiritual Group Therapy on Improving Quality of Life in People with Coronary Heart Disease

Faride Gholami, M.A'*.Ghasem Naziri, Ph.D2 Jafar Bolhari, M.D3

1. Corresponding author: Department of Clinical Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran

2. Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Fars, Iran

3. Faculty Member of Tehran Medical University, Psychiatric Institute, Tehran, Iran

Email:[email protected]

Introduction: Spiritual wellbeing is one of the main concepts as an approach to improve mental health of patients with chronic diseases. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of spiritual group therapy on improving quality of life in people with coronary heart disease.

Method: Using semi-experimental pre- post and case- control study, 20 people with coronary heart disease were assigned in to two groups voluntarily. They were divided in to intervention (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Intervention group participated in 12 sessions of Spiritual Group Therapy within 6 weeks (2 sessions per week). Each session lasted ninety minutes. All subjects were asked to complete the Spiritual Well- Being (SWB-20), and World Health Quality of Life (WHQOL-26) Scales in a private environment as pretest, and posttest.

Results Significant differences were found between patients' quality of life before and after the intervention among the members of the therapeutic group.

Conclusion: The results suggest that spiritual group therapy with spiritual interventions such as meditation, praying, resignation to God's will,, and forgiveness may have positive effects in improving quality of life in these patients.

P221- The Effects of Story Therapy on Reducing Maladjustment Social Behavior in Elementary School Students

Somayehrajabpour1 , Fatemehjahanshahi1

1 Corre spending author: MA in psychology and educating exceptional children

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Story therapy is a process aimed at making students closer to stable cognitive procedures required for control of aggressive and destructive behaviors.

Objective: The present study has been devoted to study the effects of story therapy on reducing maladjustment social behavior in elementary school students.

Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with experimental and control groups. The independent variable (story telling) was applied to the test group, while the independent variable (reduction of maladjustment social behavior) before and after the application of the independent variable was measured for the two groups using Ratter's questionnaire. The test group received twelve 45- minute therapy sessions twice a week. The study was conducted in 2010-2011 school year as an intervention aimed to reduce behavioral disorders of elementary school children in Mashhad. Proportional stratified sampling METHOD WAS USED. Once the schools were chosen, 30 students were selected from among those with the highest scores in teacher books. They were then randomly distributed in to two test and one control groups (n=15).Quantitative and qualitative variables of the data were reported by frequency, percent, and mean (standard deviation and standard error). Using covariance analysis for p<0.05 the research hypotheses were verified.

Results: According to the results of the present study the hypotheses were all accepted.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that story therapy is effective in reducing maladjustment social behavior of mentally retarded elementary school students.

P222- the effects of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on decreasing of aggression in elementary school students

Somayehrajabpour1 , Fatemehjahanshahi1

1 Corresponding author; MA in psychology and educating exceptional children

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: cognitive-behavioral play therapy is one of approaches children psychotherapy in with itself active accompanies. While playing, a new model cognitive and behavioral was learning to the children and it prepared learning and practice of this model by this game for them.

Objective: The purpose of study was efficacy the effect of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on decreasing of aggression in elementary school students.

Methods: an semi experimental research design was used which has utilized in case of a pretest- posttest design with control group. Thirty aggressive 8-12years old boys was recruited using accessible proportional stratified sampling and randomly assigned to play therapy and control group (15in each).the group members evaluated before 14 training sessions using the overt and rational aggression among elementary school children. Subject in the play therapy group had cognitive-behavioral play therapy during 14 sessions twice per week. And no intervention was taken in the control group. Eight week post test were done, data were analyzed using analyses of covariance and two sample t-test.

Results: the results showed that cognitive-behavioral play therapy had effect on the experimental group in decreasing of aggression on elementary school students.

Conclusion: These finding indicated the efficiency of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on decreasing of aggression in elementary school students.

P223- The effect of psychodrama training on decreasing of aggression in relations with the same ages in mentally retarded students

Somayehrajabpour Fatemehjahanshahi1

1Corresponding author: MA in psychology and educating exceptional children

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Psychodrama draws on the natural capacity for imaginative, make-believe play that is evident in childhood. Many techniques derived from psychodrama, such as action methods, experimental exercises, or role playing, can be integrated with other approaches. This is because there are times in therapy when just talking about a situation is far less helpful than staging the problem in action, discovering the underlying issues, and working out more effective responses.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of psychodrama training on decreasing of aggression in relations with the same ages in mentally retarded students.

Methods: The present study has been from a kind of experimental design which has utilized in case of a pretest- posttest design with control group. Statistical population included all educational mentally retarded boys student aged 9-17 who are studying at the exceptional NovinToos School in Mashhad city. Because of the difficult which are relate to the experimental, proposal perform that are pensionable effective cooperating between school saints and parent's from procedure of available sampling a sample consisting of 30 mentally retarded students who had aggressive behavior, were randomly assigned to experiment (psychodrama) groups and control group. The group members were evaluated before 14 psychodrama training sessions using the children's inventory of anger among elementary school children. The experimental group underwent 14 sessions psychodrama as the independent factor, and the control group received no intervention. Upon the completion of intervention, both groups were tested to determine the effect of the independent factor on the dependent factor of aggression in relations with the same ages. Data were analyzed using analysis of co-variance and two sample t-test.

Results: The results showed that psychodrama had effect on the experimental group in terms of relations with the same ages and authority sources.

Conclusion: These findings indicated the efficiency of psychodrama in decreasing aggression in relations with the same ages in mentally retarded students.

P224- Social Competence of Pre School Children with Epilepsy Compared to Control Group

Fatemeh Moharrari1 , AtefehSoltanifar1' Fatemeh Yavari2

1 Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

2 General physicians.

Email: mohararifl @mums.ac.ir

Objective: Epilepsy is a chronic neural disorder which has an impact on cognitive and behavioral abilities of children. Also, epilepsy-related factors may impair the achievement of social competence. The aim of this study was to assess the cognitive-behavioral disorders and the social competence in children.

Methods: In this descriptive research, 30 children aged3 to 7 with epilepsy, and 30 age matched healthy children were selected. Social competence, behavioral characteristic, cognitive abilities and demographic information were evaluated via special questionnaires. Student's Τ test was used to analyze the data. Results: According to the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Conner s Parent Rating Scale, the behavioral and cognitive problems in children with epilepsy in subcategories of emotional symptom, conduct problems, hyperactivity-inattention, total difficulties and impulsive-hyperactive score were significantly higher than the control group. No significant difference was found between the two groups in subcategories of peer relationship problems, prosaically behavior, impact scores, learning problems, psychosomatic disorders and anxiety disorders. According to the Vineland Social Maturity Scale, children with epilepsy had lower scores than healthy children, but this difference did not reach to the significant level.

Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that children with epilepsy had more behavior problems than their healthy controls, and these children are confronted with a higher risk of inappropriate social maturity. Our findings are consistent with most of the previous studies. To conclude, educational and psychological interventions are needed to support the appropriate psycho-social development of these children.

P225- The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in Decreasing the Symptoms of Children with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Zohreh Taghavi1 , Mohammad Reza Mohammadi2, Ahmad Borjali3, Sodeh Smaeilil

1. Corresponding author: MA, Alíame Tabatabaei University Tehran.

2. MD, Psychiatry and Ρ sychology Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

3. PhD, Alíame Tabatabaei University Tehran.

*Email:Z. taghavi (cùyahoo. com

Introduction: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder with biological basis which is recognized by a combination of attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms. Children and adolescents with ADHD have difficulty in their educational performance and in controlling their behaviour; for instance, they have trouble establishing good relations with the family members and peers.

Objective: The present research is done to study the effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in decreasing the symptoms of ADHD in 7 - 12 year old children in the city of Tehran.

Method: The samples were 30 children who referred to the child and adolescent Clinic in Roozbeh Hospital and Psychiatry Clinics. These children were diagnosed with ADHD by a child psychiatrist and according to the Conner's Questionnaire and DSM-IV checklist. The sample was divided in to two experimental and control groups each consisting of 15 children. Children in the experimental group were subjected to CBT method, training and education for eight 1-hour sessions, but the control group only received Ritalin.

Results: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) decreased hyperactivity equal to 0/62 and decreased inattention equal to 0/61. Parent's form of Conner's CBT decreased sign hyperactive equal to 0/76, and this indicated that the treatment was effective.

Conclusion: CBT will decrease ADHD symptoms in these children, and it is suggested that specialists use drug treatments along with other therapies as a complementary treatment for decreasing the mentioned symptoms in ADHD children.

P226- Is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) an Alternative Treatment for Pharmacotherapy for Children with Obsessive Compulsive Disorders? (A Critically Appraised Topic)

Rezaie'*.L, Rassafiani.2

1. Corresponding author, occupational therapy PhD candidate, Kermanshah University of Medical Science

2. PhD of occupational therapy, associated professor of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation

Objective: This study aimed to answer the following question: Is cognitive behavior therapy an alternative treatment for children with obsessive compulsive disorders?

Method: Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria (including type of article, age, co morbid illness, concurrent treatment) the search was conducted in electronic data bases of Google scholar, Pub med, and Cochrane Library. Ten articles were retrieved. Five of them including one systematic review, and four randomized control trials met the inclusion criteria. The articles were appraised by CASP for objectives, methods, (target population, intervention, outcome measures), and results.

Results: Evidence showed that cognitive behavior therapy an dpharmaco therapy have equal efficacy. Cognitive behavior therapy in combination with pharmacotherapy have better efficacy. Low rate of drop out in children under treatment with cognitive behavior therapy makes it an acceptable treatment for children with obsessive compulsive disorders and their parents.

Conclusion: Cognitive behavior therapy can be considered as an alternative treatment for pharmacotherapy of children with obsessive compulsive disorders.

P227- A Comparative Study of Therapeutic Methods including Cognitive Therapy, and Relaxation Training in Test Anxiety

Laleh Same Siahkalroodi1 *, Hamid Alizadeh2, Mohamad Khazaei3, Reza Saeidi Neishaboori4, AnoushHasanzadeh Liasi5

1- Corresponding a uthor: AllamehTabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran

2- AllamehTabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran

3- Baghiatolah medical Science University, Tehran, Iran

4-Medical Science University of Iran, Tehran, Iran

5- ShahidBeheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Anxiety is a multisystem response to a perceived threat or danger. Test anxiety is a psychological condition in which people experience extreme distress, concern and fear in testing situations. A timely diagnosis or prevention can be helpful for the students' mental health and academic performance.

Objective: This research examines the effective therapeutic methods including cognitive therapy, relaxation training, and breathing control on amelioration of test anxiety.

Methods: The Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI; Abolghasemi & et all, ï 11?) was utilized to measure anxiety in third grade elementary female students. Students were divided into 3 groups (20 in each group): cognitive therapy group, relaxation training group and control group. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Schefé test.

Results: Based on the results of the study, cognitive therapy was more effective than relaxation training. Results showed that the two methods decreased test anxiety. The findings of this study revealed that cognitive therapy effects test anxiety decrease by creating cognition and confidence in students, and relaxation training decrease test anxiety by creating physiological symptoms.

Conclusion: Mental image and cognitive evaluation of any person is related to his/her success or failure. Many students with test anxiety have negative attitude about themselves and this is the main reason for their test anxiety. Cognitive therapy attempts to change cognition and belief in students and its effects lead to test anxiety improvement. These results help parents, teachers, proctors and educational planners to take the necessary steps to decrease high anxiety and minimize mental and physical troublous factors in these students.

P228- The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Decreasing Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms among Female Adolescents

Laleh Same Siahkalroodi1 , Gholamali Afrooz2

1. Corresponding author: AllamehTabatabaei University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2. Tehran University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Email: lalehsame@gmail. com

Introduction: Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, involves intense fear of certain social situations-especially situations that are unfamiliar or in which one feelshe will be watched or evaluated by others. Some people experience anxiety in most social and performance situations, a condition known as generalized social anxiety disorder. For other people with social phobia, anxiety is connected with specific social situations, such as speaking to strangers, eating at restaurants, or going to parties. The most common specific social phobia is fear of public speaking or performing in front of an audience.A timely diagnosis and treatment can be helpful for improving mental health and performance in these individuals.

Objectives: The present study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on reducing SAD Symptoms among female students.

Method: Social Phobia Inventory (SPI)was administrated to 120adolescent female students; of them,20were selected using Structured Clinical Interview for Social Phobia, based on diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV. The subjects were then randomly assigned into two experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Then, CBT was administered to the experimental group. In the end, both groups were again evaluated using SPI.

Results: Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant difference in the social phobia post-test scores of the two groups (p<0.001, z=-2.02). The scores of the two groups did not have a significant difference in subscales of fear, avoidance, and physiological problems in the post-test stage.

Conclusion: CBT is based on the idea that our thoughts cause our feelings and behaviors, and not external factors like people, situations, and events. The benefit of this fact is that we can change the way we think to feel / act better even if the situation does not change.CBT can improve ASD symptoms in adolescent female students.

P229- Effectiveness of Group Reality Therapy on Depression of Female Adolescents Affected by Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

AdinehSalimiNadem1 *, MortezaTarkhan2' BahmanAkbari3, Amin Roustaei4

1. Corresponding author: Department of Psychology, MD, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

2.Department of Psychology, PHD,Ramsar Branch, Payam-e-Noor University,Ramsar, Iran

3. Department of Psychology, PHD, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

4. Department of Psychology, MD, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition characterized by a number of behavioral, psychological and physical symptoms recurring cyclically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The uncertainty in the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome has led to many treatments being suggested as possible therapies. Reality therapy is an approach to psychotherapy and counseling. Reality therapy approach to counseling and problem- solving focuses on the here-and-now actions of the client, and the ability to create and choose a better future.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group reality therapy in reducing depression of female adolescents affected by premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Method: The study population consisted of all high school students of Lahijan. In this study,400 female adolescents were selected according to formula samples. Abraham and Taylor Questionnaire was used. Of the students, 75 were affected by PMS. Beck Depression Questionnaire was given to the subjects after screening individuals whose scores were above the cut point were selected randomly and divided in to two equal groups of experimental(n=30) and control(n=30). The experimental group received group reality therapy in eight 90 minute sessions. Control group were not treated. Then again at 8 weeks of treatments, the two groups completed Beck Depression Questionnaire. Data were processed through the SPSS statistical program.

Results: The mean depression scores were similar in the two groups before the intervention (pre-test 24/4 in experimental group and 24/93 in control group), but there was a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention. Group reality therapy significantly reduced depression among the experimental group (post-testl8/20 in experimental group and 24/13 in control group). Reduction of depression was significantly greater in experimental group compared with control group(0/72, PO/OOOl).

Conclusion: The group reality therapy reduces depression of female adolescents affected by premenstrual syndrome.

P230- Investigation of Efficacy of Group Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy on Rumination and Depression of Mourning Adolescents in Group Counseling

ArezouGholamil *, Hamid Heydari2, Mahmod Jalali3.

1.2.3. Corresponding author: M.A. students of career counseling, Department of counseling, Education and Psychology Faculty, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

Email address:gholami.al360@gmail. com

Introduction: Rumination refers to passive and repeated thoughts that are focused on causes and effects of symptoms and lead to increase in negative thoughts. This mental status is one of the characteristics of depressive patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy on rumination and depression.

Methods and Materials: Twenty students were selected by simple random sampling and were placed in two groups of experimental (n=10) control group (n=10). The experimental group received 8 weekly sessions in a clinic. SCL-90-R (depression subscale), short form of Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) were used as the pretest and post-test.

Results: Data were analysed by multivariate analysis of covariance (Mancova). Results showed a significant difference between the experimentaland control groups in post-test (P<0.001).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that CBT can be applied as a useful method to

Reduce rumination and depression in mourning adolescents.

P231- The Influence of Group Art therapy with Cognitive- Behavioral View on the 9-10 Year Old Aggressive Children

ElahehZaheri1, Leila Heydarinasab2, Ali Zademohammadi3, Mohammad Reza shairi2

1. Clinical psychology, MA, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

2 . Psychology, PHD, Psychology Department, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

3. Psychology, PHD, Psychology Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Introduction: Most of the children who have disorders during the first years of life cannot be easily cured, and their problems will continue in adolescence or adulthood. Aggression is an important concept during the childhood, because it can predict committing crime or violence during adulthood (Lioe, 2002;to cite Bayat,1387).

Kerammer (2006;to cite Bayate,1387)has mentioned that art therapy is an ideal intervention for aggressive children. These children are the huge sources of energy for creative artistic activities. Artistic activities utilize the surrounded aggression of such children and neutralize it (Nissimov-nahum, 2008).

Objectives: According to the texts, based on cognitive- behavioral view, group art therapy can decrease the behavioral disorders of children and their increase positive emotions. The main purpose of this research is to find whether this intervention can decrease aggressive behaviors in a sample of Iranian children or not?

Methods: This is an experimental study with pre test, post test and control group. There was a follow up after 2 months. The statistical society consisted of all of 9- 10 year old boy students in the third and fourth grade of elementary schools of Tehran. The sample consisted of 20 students who had higher scores than the crisis point number in aggressive behaviors sub-scale in the Achenbach Child Behavior Check list. These children were selected by available sampling. After the subjects were matched for demographic characteristics, they were separated into two groups (experimental group and control group) randomly. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of the interventions.

Results: The results of the research were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measure test .The results of this study revealed that group art therapy with cognitive- behavioral view decreases children's aggressive behaviors and these reductions maintained in the follow up.

Conclusion: Incontrollable behaviors compared aggression and anger illustrates the negative and annoying emotions experienced by the child. Therefore, paying attention to this issue will help to select an appropriate treatment method for aggressive children will improve the emotions and behaviors of such children. (Lahey& et,2002)

An exact treatment method which is as creative and visual as art therapy can help children to develop correct and acceptable strategies for expressing negative emotions such as aggression. Furthermore, art therapy can be one of the first three treatment methods of Elementary students' aggressive behaviors (Osvank, 2008).

P232- Effectiveness of Group Psychotherapy with Transactional Analysis Approach on Resilience in Adolescent Girls

Elahi, Μ1 , Abolghasemi, SH2, Ysrebi, K3, KHattiDizabadi, B4

1. Corresponding Author: MA of clinical psychology, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Rasht University of Medical Sciences.

2. PHD of Psychology, Associate professor of University ofTonekabon.

3. PHD of Clinical psychology, Faculty of psychology Tonekabon University.

4. Pediatric assistant, Rasht University of Medical Sciences.

Emil: elahi. masoumeh@yahoo. com.

Introduction: Resilience refers to overcoming the tragedies of life, improving ability to deal with severe stress and difficulties, achieving developmental tasks, and meeting social expectations efficiently. Resilient adolescents have a positive competence that helps them survive stressful conditions.

Objective: The present study examined the effectiveness of group psychotherapy with transactional analysis approach on increasing resilience in adolescent girls.

Methods: Among all girls' schools in the city of Anzali, a school was randomly selected using a multi- step method. To determine the members of experimental and control groups, Conner - Davidson Resilience Scale Questionnaire was given to 180 freshmen, junior and senior students in ShahedHigh School. Inclusion criteria were obtaining questionnaire scale 25 >. Sixty three students filled the questionnaire completely; among whom, 24 were randomly selected, and placed in to two groups of experimental (n=12) and control (n=12). Connor Davidson Resilience Scale Questionnaire was used before and after the group psychotherapy to assess the level of resilience among the students.

Group psychotherapy with transactional analysis approach was performed in twelve 90- minute sessions, and was coordinated with program framework according to Berne transactional analysis.

ELSEVIER (journal searches),Psych INFO and Psych ARTICLES , and Google Scholar were searched to find studies in the field of psychology on resilience.

Result: Resilience of the experimental group was significantly increased compared to the control group (0/001 >P).

Conclusion: Group psychotherapy with transactional analysis approach (transactional analysis) could be effective in increasing the level of resilience in adolescent girls (15-18 years).

P233- Effectiveness of group psychotherapy with transactional analysis approach on coping with stress in adolescent girls

Elahi M1 , Abolghasemi SH2, Ysrebi K3, KHattiDizabadi B4

1. Corresponding Auther: MA of Clinical Psychology, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Rasht University of Medical Sciences.

2. PHD ofPsycology, Associate professor of University ofTonekabon.

3. PHD of Clinical Psychology, Factulty of Psychology Tonekabon University.

4. Pediatric assistant, Rasht University of Medical Sciences.

Emil: elahi. masoumeh@yahoo. com.

Introduction: Coping with stress - and not the stress - itself determine the outcome of manageability and consequences of stress exposure. Most adolescents using inefficient strategies and stress factors, the psychological interventions are characterized necessity for changing them in effective strategies.

Objective: The present study examined the effectiveness of group psychotherapy with transactional analysis approach to cope with stress in adolescent girls.

Methods: Among all girls' school on Anzali city we accidentally selected a school (pilot project).First Lazarus check-list performed among 245 students (three educational levels) in Kosar girl's high school, so we could select students who are eligible to be specified in psychotherapy.

Inclusion criteria for obtaining high score in emotion- oriented strategy , less useful and in effective , on the other hand low score in problem - oriented strategy was based on Lazarus check - list.

After performing check - list, among 121 students we randomly selected 24 eligible persons and placed in two groups of twelve person (experimental and control) Lazarus check-list used in pre test and post test to assess four strategies: problem - oriented, emotion - oriented less useful and ineffective strategies.

Group's psychotherapy with transactional analysis approach was conducted according to Berne transactional analysis in 12 two hour sessions.

ELSEVIER (journal searches), PsychlNFO and Psych ARTICLES, Internet-Google Scholar were searched to find studies about coping, stress and TA.

Result: Problem - oriented , less useful and infective strategies significantly in experiment group than control group respectively increase and decrease , (P<0/001) , but no significant change occurred in emotion - oriented strategy (ρ = 0/015).

Conclusion: Group psychotherapy with transactional analysis approach cloud increase the use of problem - oriented coping strategy and decrease less useful and ineffective coping strategy in adolescent girls. (15-18 years) but it has no effect in strategy.

P234- Efficiency of Narrative Therapy based on William Cook's Comprehensive Storytelling Method on Decreasing Children's Behavioral Problems

FatemehKhaliliK<srmanl 1 JMojtabai Mina2

1 MSc of general psychology,BSc of language and speech pathology, Centre of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant professor, PhD of clinical psychology, member of department of psychology, university of Islamic Azad University, Rud-e-Hen Branch, Rud- e- Hen, Iran .

E-mail: [email protected]

Introduction: Aggression is one of the serious problems in children and adolescents. Aggression is used for expressing many problems categorized in the field of behavioral problems including serious and continuous aggression and minor antisocial behaviors in DSM- IV.

Objectives: Many children, especially during the initial stages of therapy, do not want or do not know how to express their inner feelings. As well, they need time to establish a therapeutic rapport and the accompanying trust that will allow them to speak directly about their feelings. By storytelling, we can help children to express their feeling in a safe area. Considering the fact that expressing feelings decreases behavioral problems, narrative therapy was used to decrease children's behavioral problems.

Method and Materials : In this study, 2 children were randomly selected from children who referred to Zafar Counseling center for behavioral problems. William Cook's Storytelling Method was applied based on children's problems. In William Cook's method, he lias identified the following five-step process involved in constructing a therapeutic story: Introducing the main character(s); talking about the problem, talking to a wise person, trying out a new approach, and summarizing the lesson. For assessing changes during the treatment, Achenbach Children's Checklist was used in terms of post-test and pre-test, with the validity of 0.77 to 0.83 and reliability of 0.05.

Results: By comparing T-score's results in post-test and pre-test, it was confirmed that Narrative Therapy have positive effects on social problems, aggressive behavior and law-breaking behavior. T-score in aggression behavior's post-test was significantly reduced (more than 30 scores in each child) and children's behavioral problems were reduced.

Conclusion: Narrative therapy decreases children's behavioral problems.

P235- The Examination of Effectiveness of Group Therapy of Transactional Analysis to Reduce Conflict between Parents and Adolescents

Zohre Shafiee1, Bahram Ali Ghanbari HashemAbadi', Ali Mashhadi'

1. The Scholar of Master of Clinical Psychology of FerdoM'silJnivi.of Mashhad Faculty of Education Psychology

2. Associate Professor and Member of Scientific Mission of FerdoM'silJnivi.of Mashhad Faculty of Education Psychology

Introduction: Adolescence is period of independence, expressing different opinions and struggling with parents. During this time, conflicts of adolescents with parents are increased and sometimes will be troublesome. However, having a good relationship with parents is very important to adolescents.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the Effectiveness of group therapy of transactional analysis to reduce conflicts between parents and adolescents.

Method: This was a Quasi-Experimental study with pre-test and posttest and control group .The research populations were all freshmen high school students of Neyshaburin academic years of 2011- 2012.Twentystudents were selected using random cluster sampling and were replaced in both experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in group counseling of transactional analysis foreleven75 -minute sessions. In this study, two questionnaires were used :(1) a Demographic Survey, (2) child- Parent Conflict Survey. The study utilized the statistical univariate analysis of covariance (Ankova) for statistical analysis.

Results: The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that group therapy based on the transactional analysis lead to a significant reduction in conflicts between adolescents and parents (P0.0001). In other words, the scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that group therapy based on the transactional analysis may lead to reduction of conflicts between adolescents and parents.

P236- the Effectiveness of Group Counseling Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) on Academic Motivation of Under Achievement High School Students

S Ali Kymiaei, M GolMohamadi

Introduction: There is often a gap between the abilities of the gifted individual and Iiis or her actual accomplishments (under achievement). This disparity can result from various factors such as loss of interest in classes, emotional or psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, and perfectionism. All these people share a common trait which is lack of academic motivation. Academic motivation is a desire to learn, like learning-related activities, and believing that school is important. Solution-focused therapy deals with under achievement. Solution-focused therapy or brief therapy is a type of talking therapy that focuses on what clients want to achieve through therapy rather than on the problem(s) that made them seek help.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) on academic motivation of under Acliievementliigh School in Tabadkan regionin city of Mashhad in 2012.

Method: In an experimental study, subjects were selected from high school students with under achievement. The subjects were randomly assigned in to two experimental and control groups. Group counselingSFBT was administered to the experimental group in eight 90-minute sessions. The control groups did not receive any therapy. Both groups completed the Academic Motivation Questionnaire (AMQ) after the intervention period. Data were analyzed using statistical test of covariance.

Results: Analysis of covariance in post-test assessment showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). In other words, academic motivation was increased in the experimental group.

Conclusion: Group counseling solution-focused brief therapy is effective in increasing academic motivation of students with under achievement.

P237- The Effectiveness of Cognitive Interpersonal Problem-Solving on Reducing Challenging Behaviors of Slow-Learner Students: Single-Subject Study

Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta, Ph.D.1 , Nayereh Zamani, M.A.2

1. Corresponding author: Associate Professor, University of Tehran

2. Researcher, Tarbiate Novin Cultural Institute

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Establishing a proper communication requires various skills including problem-solving. Lack of such skills could result in impulsive behaviors, aggression, isolation, disappointment, and other behavioral problems in children. In the case of mentally challenged children, deficient cognitive capacities and underdeveloped social skills could also affect their impulse control and adaptive behaviors. Therefore, teaching productive thinking skills, such as problem-solving seems necessary.

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate cognitive problem-solving approach for resolving interpersonal issues in slow-learner students in the first grade.

Methods: This single-subject study was conducted on five male students based on ?-B design with follow- up. Behaviors such as aggression, bullying and threat, complaining, arguing and quarrelling were observed as target behaviors. The baseline data was gathered during 10 sessions. Then, the cognitive problem-solving skill training for resolving interpersonal issues was offered in thirty 50-minute sessions three times a week.

Results: Follow-up data were gathered during 10 sessions after the workshop. Diagrams and Visual Analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis revealed that training was effective in reducing behavioral problems during the intervention phase. Furthermore, a decreasing trend was noticed during the follow-up period.

Conclusion: Conclusions and recommendations for future research are presented.

P238- Effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence Training on Academic Achievement of Adolescent Female Students in Zanjan

Qamar kiani1 , MahvashMafe

1. Corresponding author: Ph.D. Student in Health Psychology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran .

*Email:Kherad739@yahoo. com

Introduction: One of the important aims of training systems is academic achievement. Achievement deficits have destructive effects and costs for individuals and societies. Cognitive intelligence, cognitive style, motivation and attitude, environment, training and assessment methods are several factors that affect academic achievement.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on academic achievement in adolescent female students.

Methods: In this quasi experimental design, 44 high school freshmen girls were selected through multi stage cluster sampling and were assessed with Bar On Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire ( Pre-test).Then, they were randomly assigned in to two experimental and control groups with 22 students in each group. Both groups were matched by emotional intelligence. The experimental group received eighteen 36-hour emotional intelligence training sessions. Post-test was performed on the two group's .Criteria for pre-test and post-test of academic achievement was first and second semi_ year average of lessons.

Results: Data analysis through co_ variance analysis showed that emotional intelligence training was significantly effective in enhancing academic achievement (P<0/005).

Conclusion: Training of emotional intelligence can be used as effective intervention for enhancing academic achievement during the academic years.

P239-Predictionof Coping Strategies with Stress Based on Emotional Regulation Difficulties of Students.

Atousa Sadeghpour1 *, Esmaeill Azadi2, Mehr dad Mahmoodi3, Meisam Sharif3

1. Corresponding author: M.Sc. Student of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University- Sienceand Research Branch, Faculty of Psychology, Iran

2. M.Sc. in Educational Psychology, BeheshtiUniversity of Tehran, Iran

3. M.Sc. Student of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University- Science and Research Branch, Faculty of Psychology, Iran.

*Email: atousa. sadeghpour@yahoo. com

Introduction: Our adaptive or maladaptiveemotionsin choices of coping strategies (avoidance-focused, emotion- focused, problem- focused) are involved in dealing with stressful situations and conditions.

Objective: The present study was performed to study the predictive role of components of emotional regulation difficulties in coping strategies with stess. The sample consisted of 100 secondary school students (50 girls and 50 boys) in city of Kermanshah who were selected by cluster random sampling. The study instruments were the Emotional Regulation Difficulties Scale, and the Scale of Coping with Stressful Situations.

Results: Results of enter regressing showed that the components of emotional regulation difficulties predicted 3% of variance of problem- focused coping strategy, 51% of variance of emotion- focused coping strategy, and 15% of variance of avoidance-focused coping strategy. Also, the results demonstrated that none of emotional regulation difficulties componentspredictedproblem- focused coping strategy. The rejection of emotional responses, impulsive control difficulties, and limited access to emotion regulation strategy were predictors of emotional- focused coping strategy. However, only rejection emotional responses were predictor of avoidance- focused coping strategy. Finally, the findings of this study demonstrated that there were significant differences between girls and boys only in emotion- focused coping and avoidance- focused strategy, in which the girls received higher scores.

Conclusion: In general, the findings revealed that difficulty in emotion regulation leads to use of emotion- focused strategies.

P240- Impact of Problem Solving Skills Training on Reducing Parent-Child Conflicts

Fatemeh Bidi1 , Ali Kheradmancf

1. Corresponding author: Psychology MA, Counseling Group, Ministry of Education, Esfarayen, Iran

2. Psychiatrist, Assistant, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Email: bidi.fatemeh&gmail. com

Introduction: The issue of conflict between family members, if resolved in the right way, improves relationships. However, if the parties could not deal with the conflict effectively, it will not only remain unsolved, but also will damage the continuity of relationships.

Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of problem-solving skills training on parent-cliild conflict in female high school students of Bojnourd in 2010-11 academic year.

Method and materials: This study was semi- experimental. Statistical population included all Bojnourd's high school girls. Based on the scores of conflict with parents' questionnaire, a study group of 30 students were selected randomly and divided into two experimental and control groups. Teaching problem-solving skills was performed in ten sessions. Conflict Tactics Scale Questionnaire was used. The results were analyzed using Cranach's method with the reliability of 0.72 with independent data t-test.

Results: Independent t-test results showed that teaching problem-solving skills enhances students' reasoning ability (t= 7.36). They also indicated that teaching problem-solving skills to students decreased their verbal aggression (t= 7.59).

Conclusion: Teaching problem-solving skills, as a component of life skills, plays an important role in reducing parent-child conflicts. This training increases the ability to deal with problems, suggests different solutions, and solves problems effectively.

P241- Effectiveness of Stress Management Training on General Health and Negative Emotional Reactions of Girls

Hamid Amiri1 , Mohammad Torkaman, SoroushKhoshnam

1. Corresponding author: MA Student in Clinical Psychology. AllamehTabatabailJniversity, Tehran ,Iran.

Email: hamid.psyclinical(d)gmail.com

Introduction: Adolescence is a stressful period of life; and, nowadays, emotional disorders are increasing among adolescents.

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management training on general health and negative emotional reactions in female adolescents.

Method: This was a semi experimental study using pre - post-test with control group. Thirty four female high school students in sliiraz were selected using available sampling and divided in to two groups of 17 (experimental and control).Stress management program based on McNamara's practical application (2001) was applied during six 90-minute sessions in six weeks. The experimental group was trained, and, the two groups completed the tests. Research tools included the General Health (GHQ, Goldberg and Hillier, 1979) and Depression Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21, Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995) Questionnaires. Data analysis was done using covariance analysis and data were analyzed with SPSS19.

Results: Findings showed significant differences (p <0/05) in general health, depression, anxiety and stress among the experimental group before and after training. The intensity of emotional reactions in the experimental group decreased after intervention compared with the control group. Furthermore, mental health increased in the experimental group compared with the control group.

Conclusion: The results are indicative of the effectiveness of stress management program on increasing general health and reduction of negative emotional reactions in female adolescents. Thus, it is recommended to counselors, psychologists and educational professionals to take advantage of this program to raise mental health of adolescents.

P242- Effectiveness of Stress Management Training on Problem Solving, Hope and Life Satisfaction in Adolescent Girls

Hamid Amiri1 , Mohammad Torkaman, SoroushKhoshnam

1. Corresponding author: MA Student in Clinical Psychology. AllamehTabatabai University. Tehran, Iran.

Email:hamid.psyclinical(a)gmail. com

Introduction: Adolescence is a stressful period in human developmental path. Problem-solving ability in adolescents helps them overcome problems of this period faster and more efficiently. Moreover, hope and life satisfaction in adolescents are strong anticipators of healthier growth in their later stages of life.

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of stress management training on problem solving ability, hope, and life satisfaction in adolescent girls.

Method: This was a semi-experimental study with pre - post-test and control group. In this study, 34 high school students in Shirazand were selected using available sampling, and were randomly divided in to two equal groups (17 students in the experimental and 17 in the control group). The experimental group received stress management training for six 90-minute sessions over six weeks using the McNamara's practical application (2001). Research tools included Problem solving (Cassidy and Long, 1996), Hope (Schneider and et al, 1991) and Life Satisfaction (Diener, 1985) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis with SPSS19.

Results: Findings showed significant differences (P <0/05) between the two groups in problem-solving, hope and life satisfaction scores before and after the intervention. That is, the experimental group had higher scores in dependent variables of the study than the control group.

Conclusion: Stress management training program increases problem solving ability, hope and life satisfaction in adolescents. Therefore, using this training program is recommended for educational and research purposes as well as clinical services for adolescents.

P243- Effectiveness of life Skills Training on Rate of Social Adjustment

ZivarJamali Paghaie1 *, Hossein Sajadi', ElaheHejazi, SomayaJamaliPaghale, ElhamAghaei

1Corresponding author: M.! in educational psychology. University of Tehran. Tehran.Iran.

2 Phd in educational psychology. University of Tehran. Tehran .Iran

3 PhD in educational psychology. University of Tehran. Tehran .Iran.

4 KIA in psychology.Payamnur University of Shahrebabak, Shahrebabak,Iran.

5 KIA in clinical psychology. Payamnur University of Dezful.Dezfil.lran.

Email: Jamali.s88(a\Gmail. com

Objective: A wide variety of research literature lias determined social adjustment as a criterion of mental health especially in preadolescence years. Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on the rate of social adjustment. Statistical population was female students of a guidance school in Yazd during 2011-2012.

Methods: This was an experimental study. The sample consisted of 30 students who were selected using multistage random cluster sampling, and were divided in to two equal groups of 15. The design was experimental and the experimental group received life skills training. The instruments of this research included California Test of Social Adjustment. Data were analyzed by Covariance of analysis. Results: Results showed that life skills training program improves social adjustment. Conclusion: considering education of life skills as mental health can be an effective approach onsocial adjustment in students.

P244- The Efficacy of Social-Emotional LearningSkills Program on the Emotional Quotient and Aggression of Female High School Students in Ahvaz

Najmeh Hamid1

1 AssociateProfessor of clinical psychology, dept of clinical psychology

u,ShahidChamranUniversity.Aim az,Iran

Email :n. hamid&scu. ac. ir

Introduction: Social-emotional skills have an important role in decreasing aggression emotional regulation and human adjustment.

Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy of social-emotional learning skills program on the emotional quotient of female high school students in Ahvaz.

Methods: The research method was quasi experimental with pre-posttest, follow up and control group. The sample consisted of 64 female students who were selected by random cluster sampling and based on one standard deviation above the mean in aggression inventory. Then ,they were randomly divided into two groups as experimental and control. The experimental group received 12 sessions of social-emotional learning skills program but the control group did not receive any intervention.

The instruments were the EQ-I (Bar-on Emotional Quotient Inventory: 90 item) and Boss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire.

Results: The results revealed a significant difference between experimental and control group in aggression and emotional Quotient (P<0.001). The rate of aggression in experimental group was decreased compared with pretest and control group, butthe Emotional Quotient increased. Also, these results persisted after follow up.

Conclusion: Social-emotional learning increased the Emotional Quotient but decreased aggression in female students.

P245- Effectiveness of Training Happiness Program(THP)on Decreasing Depressive Symptoms and Increasing Self-esteeming Elementary School Students in Isfahan

Farahnaz Shakehnia1 , SholeAmiri', HosseinMolavi3, Behrouz Behrouz4

1. Corresponding Author: M. A. student of psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

2. Ph. D. Associate professor of psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

3. Ph. D. professor of psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

4. M. A. student of psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

Email: F.shakehnia&gmail. com

Introduction: Decreasing depression in children and adolescents is one of the most challenging issues in clinical and general health. In spite of many researches on depression and happiness, little research lias been done on the role of happiness in treating depression in children.

Objectives: The present paper has been done to examine the effectiveness of Training Happiness Program(THP)on decreasing depression symptoms and increasing self-esteeming elementary school students in Isfahan.

Method: This was a sub- experimental study with control and experiment group. Population included all fourth and fifth grade primary school students in Isfahan in 2012. The sample under the study was 30 fourth and fifth grade depressed students selected by random multiuse sampling which were placed in control and experiment groups randomly. To specify children's depression rate. Child Depression Inventory (CDI)was used; to determine the happiness of the subjects. Inventory of Subjective Happiness Scale(SHS) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Short Form(OHQ) were used; to measure self-esteem in children, Rosenberg Self- esteem Scale (RSS)was used.Interventionsincluded7sessions of group training for parents, and5group training sessions for children. The control group did not receive any training session. The obtained data were tested through descriptive statistics and multivariate covariance analysis.

Results: The findings of covariance analysis showed that Training Happiness Program (THP)liad a significant positive effect on decreasing depressive symptoms and increasing self-esteem in the experimental group(p<0.05) . Also interaction between gender and group membership was also significant(p>0.05 ).

Conclusion: Training Happiness Program(THP) can decrease children depression symptoms. In addition it has a positive effect on increasing their self-esteem. This effectiveness can help parents, teachers and researchers to develop new strategies to promote happiness and reduce depression in children.

P246- The Effectiveness of Life Skills Training on Social Desirability of Students in Isfahan of City

Marvam Sadri1 , Mahnaz Ghiasi', Mahin Yazdi3

1.Corresponding authorMA in clinical psychology, Department of Educational and Psychology, Islamic Azad University- Science and Research Branch, Teharan, Iran.

2.PhDCandidate in Psychology, Department of Educational and Psychology, Alzahra Univercitv, Teharan, Iran.

3.Associate Professor in Psychology, Department of Educational and Ρ sychologv, AlzahraUnivercity, Teharan, Iran

Email: marvamsadri 16(a>yahoo. com

Introduction: After reviewing the problems associated with behavior and social damage, it was learned that many of the problems are influenced by the inability of people indecision making and lack of control in dealing with difficult life events.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of life skills training on social desirability of male and female students in Isfahan. Method and Materials:Tliis was an experimental

study. The sample population included female (n=63) and male (n=72) students selected from 5 regions of Isfahan with simple random cluster sampling .The subjectswere assigned in to experimental and control groups.The experimental group received one-hour of life skills training for 12 sessions for three weeks.All groups completed the Young Children's Social Desirability Scale (CSDS) after the training.

Results:Data were analyzed by ANOVA with SPSS 15. Based on the results of the analysis, a significant difference was found between experimental and control groups in social desirability in female students (P<0/05). Also, There was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in social desirability in male students (P<0/05).

Conclusion:Life skills training had a positive effect in interpersonal relationships of the subjects.

P247-Effectiveness of Hardiness Training on Anxiety of Pregnant Women

GharehzadAzari Marvam1 , Bakhshizade Adele', GhorbanShirudi Shohre3, KhalatbariJavad3

1. Corresponding Author:M.Sc , Clinical Psychologist, Health Center, Gui lan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Mazandaran , Iran.

2. M. Sc , Clinical Psychologist, Tonekabon Azad University Mazandaran Iran.

3.Asistant of Professor , PhD, Tonekabon Azad University Mazandaran Iran.

E-mail: marvam.azaril966(a\gmail.com

Introduction: Anxiety in pregnant women causes different complications for the fetus and mother.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of hardiness training on anxiety of pregnant women.

Methods: This Experimental study was carried out on 223 pregnant women who referred to health centers in Rasht, and selec tedusing simple sampling in winter of 2011.Pregnancy Anxiety (Vendenberg) Questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by Moncova test, paired T- test and Mann-Whitney u test using SPSS version 18.

Results: Mean and SD value of anxiety was significantly different between the experimental (162/47±48/34 ) and control groups (193/73± 32/29) ( p<0/001).

Conclusion: The results showed that hardiness training is effective in decreasing anxiety in pregnant women at level of p<0/01.Thus,counseling is recommended for those woman who experience anxiety during their pregnancy.

P248-The Effect of Emotional Intelligence Training on 13 Year Old Students in Shiraz: a preliminary study

MariehDehghanManshadi1 *, ZobeydehDehghanManshadi2

1. Corresponding author: MSc. of clinical psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Ρ sychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

2. MSc. of clinical psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

E-mail: marieh. dehghan@gmail. com

Objective: Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is the ability to express emotions, assess emotions of others correctly, express personal emotions use emotions to achieve individual goal sand self-regulation (Salovey and Mayer, 1990).The Student with high levels of emotional intelligence has a better mental health because emotional intelligence is associated with life satisfaction, improving mental and quality of interpersonal relationships (Salami,2011).0ne of the main components of cognitive therapies is training individuals for recognition of personal feelings, applying emotions appropriately and ability to self- relief that are parts of emotional intelligence (Salovey and Mayer, 1990). Some studies proposed that emotional intelligence training programs have an important role in elevating different dimensions of EQ except for "function" component (Slaski and Cartwright, 2003). Thus, considering the important role of EQ on mental health and daily relationships, this study aims to assess the effect of EQ training on 13 year old children.

Method: This was a quasi-experimental study. In this study, experimental, was an independent variable and emotional intelligence was the dependent variable. Statistical population was all students from junior schools (guidance schools)in Shiraz in 2010-2011 academic year. Twenty students were selected with random-cluster sampling method; of them, lOstudents completed the course. Training was organized as a group. Emotional intelligence scores were obtained using Schutte Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. Components of emotional intelligence were taught in eigh sessions and the pre-test, post-test and follow-up results were compared.

Result: Non parametric statistical methods were used for data analysis. The findings showed that the emotional intelligence training which was organized in 8 group sessions had no significant effect on the components.

Conclusion: Resultsshowedthat8 sessions of emotional intelligence training were not advantageous for this specific age group. The finding of this study is consistent with that of Mor (2005) and Niko goftar (1385) studies.

P249- Study of the Relationship between Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs and Social Development in Adjustable and Nonadjustable Pre- university Female Students in City ofNeka

Zahra Roodbari1*, Alireza Moghaddas2, Esmaeil saadipour3

1. Corresponding Author: PsychologyM.A of AllamehTabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran.

2. Assistant prof of AllamehTabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran.

3. Assistant prof of AllamehTabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran.

Email:zroodbari@yahoo. com

Introduction: Satisfaction of basic psychological needs provides necessary conditions for integration, psychological growth and well-being.

Objective :The current study has been developed to study the relationship between satisfaction of basic psychological needs and social development in adjustable and nonadjustable students.

Methods: This was a descriptive- correlative study. The statistical population of this research included 150 pre-university female students who were selected through cluster sampling method. To assess satisfaction of basic psychological needs, Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs of Gardia and Deci& Ryan(BNS) Scale was used; to assess social development, Alice Whitman Questionnaire of Social Development was used; and to assess adjustment we used Sinha$ Sing Questionnaire(AISS) . Descriptive statistics were used to classify the results: Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between research variables, and ζ Fisher test was used to observe the difference between correlation coefficients of the two samples.

Results: Results of the correlation coefficient showed that the relationship between satisfaction of basic psychological needs and social development in adjustable students was(r=0.686) and in non adjust able was (r=0.34) meaningful. The Results of fisher's ζ test showed that obtained( z=2/847) of table was bigger than (z=l/98) table with (a=0/01), so the difference between the two coefficients was meaningful.

Conclusion: Considering this fact that in our study, we paid more attention to consistent students, this group had more satisfied basic psychological needs than inconsistent students. It is clear that this issue finally cause Person participates in experiences and opportunities that are fitted to his age with tendency and desire. Play his roles with responsibility .Accept situations and experiences of related to his roles.

P250- The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management Training and its Subscales on Mental Health of Female High School Students in Ahvaz

Zahra zarshenas1, Manizheh Shehni Yailagh2, Mahnaz Mehrabi Zadeh Honarmand3

1 Corresponding Author:MA., Dept. of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Ph.D., Dept. of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.

3 Ph.D., Dept. of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.

Email: zahrazarshenas@yahoo. com

Introduction: Mental health assessment is one of the most important aspects of assessing health status. Mental health plays an important role in ensuring dynamism and efficiency in community. Stress is a widespread phenomenon in modern societies that affects everyone, especially children and adolescents, and it would endanger their physical and psychological health. The use of cognitive-behavioral stress management program is important for increasing students' mental health.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral stress management training and its subscales on mental health of female high school students in Ahvaz.

Method and Materials: The multi-stage random sampling method was used to select subjects. Also, 60 students were randomly assigned in to two groups (experimental and control). The research instrument was General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The design of the study was pretest-posttest with control group. The experimental group received 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral stress management training.

Results: The results of MANCOVA showed that the intervention increased mental health in the experimental group.

Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that cognitive-behavioral stress management training may be used in schools to enhance mental health of students.

P251- Efficacy of Communication Skills Training on Self-Concept, Self-Esteem and Self- Assertiveness among Students

Nasrin Naderifar1 Razieh Hedayatsafa2 Maria Firoozshad2Mahnaz Khosrojavid3

1. Corresponding author: Master of Arts (MA) General Psychology, Corresponding author, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon, Tonekabon IRAN,

2. Master of Arts (MA) General Psychology 'Islamic Azad University Tonekabon, Tonekabon IRAN

3. Assessment Professor of Psychology, University of Guilan

E-mail: rezaghavidel@yahoo. com

Introduction: An important aspect of communication skills is the utilization of skills to increase quality of communication and well- being.

Objectives: The present research investigated the efficacy of communication skills on self-concept, self- esteem and self-assertiveness of students in Rasht.

Method and Materials: The sample consisted of girls from Shahed Guidance School in Rasht. After screening, the sample included 40 students with weak self-concept, self-esteem and self-assertiveness who were placed in to two groups randomly. To collect data, Rogers Self- concepts Questionnaire (1961), Cooper Smith Self-esteem Questionnaire, (1967) and Alberti and Emmons Self-Assertiveness Questionnaire (1993) were used. The instruction program of communication skills were provided for the experimental group in eight 90-minute sessions once a weak. Then, the post test was administered

Results: The results gained from the study using covariance analysis revealed that communication skills training program had a meaningful effect on the self- concept and self-esteem and self-assertiveness of the experimental group at the level of p<0/01.

Conclusion: Therefore, according to the result, communication skills instruction has a positive effect on self-concept, and increase self-esteem and self- assertiveness

P252- The Effectiveness of Stress Management through Cognitive-Behavioral Method on Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mental Health of Afghan Bereaved Female Adolescents in Qom

Fahime Sadat Hoseini Pour1 *,behrouz behrou^, Mehrdad kalantari3, Hosein Ali Mehrabi4

1 .Correspondent author: M. A, student of psychology, department of psychology, faculty of educational sciences andps ychology, Isfahan of University, Isfahan, Iran.

2. M. A, student of psychology, department of psychology, faculty of educational sciences and psychology, Isfahan of University, Isfahan, Iran.

3. Ph. D,Associât Professor of Psychology, department of psychology, faculty of educational sciences and psychology, Isfahan of University, Isfahan, Iran.

4. Ph. D, Assisstant professor of psychology, department of psychology, faculty of educational sciences and ps ychology, Isfahan of University, Isfahan, Iran.

Email address: f.hoseinipour@yahoo. com

Introduction Stress management is one method to decrease anxiety. Stress management combines many mechanisms that affect general health improvement and quality of life. This intervention accentuates the increase of behavioral checking skills through applying social skills, decreasing passive social checking, increasing active behavioral checking, and decreasing anxiety and depression. Unfortunately, most ofAfhgan bereaved adolescents have faced aggression especially during Taleban's invasion. They observed the killing of their family in a catastrophic situation, and many of them suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of stress management through cognitive-behavioral method on the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and mental health of Afghan bereaved female adolescents living in Qom.

Method: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group. The statistical population included all 12-18 year-old Afghan bereaved female who were supported by Imam Mohammad BagherCharity institution in Qom during 2011-2012.They were evaluated using Children's Traumatic Effect Scale (GRIES-8),and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21).The scores of these two questionnaires were considered as the basic level. Those who had the highest scores were selected as the study subjects and were divided into experimental and control groups (nl=n2=8).

Results: This intervention in the posttest stage lead to 31.2% decrease in the subjects' stress, and 37.5% decrease in total score of DASS. However, it did not affect the symptoms of the subjects' depression and anxiety. Moreover, this intervention caused a 29.4% decrease in intruding thoughts, a 45.8% in avoidance and in whole a 64.2% decrease of posttraumatic disorder symptoms (p<0.005). This intervention did not have a significant effect on the subjects' depression, anxiety, stress and total score of DASS, but it caused a 46.9% decrease in avoidance and in whole a 58.3% decrease in the subjects' posttraumatic disorder symptoms (p<0.05).

P253- Evaluation of Anger Control Training Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Approach on High School Students' Anger Trait and Expression

Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta, Ph.D. ,NayerehZamani, MA2, JavadPourkarimi, Ph.D3

1. Corresponding author :Associate Professor, Faculty of Psychology & Ed Science, University of Tehran.

2. Researcher, TarbiateNovin Cultural Institute.

3. Assistant Professor, JahadDaneshgahi . Tehran Center.

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Experiencing anger and its abnormal expression is an important psychopathological issue in the area of child and adolescent development. Studies have indicated that if adolescents do not have appropriate coping strategies and be weak in under standing emotions of self and others, they will not be able to cope with stresses of adolescence and will show a lot of behavioral problems such as aggression, depression and anxiety. Studies regarding reducing the amount of anger and finding proper methods for its control are considered crucial in the field.

Objective: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficiency of anger management training based on cognitive-behavioral approach on anger and its expression.

Methods: This study was carried out using a quasi- experimental design with pre and post-test. Thirty student volunteers inlOth grade from Shahedhigh school participated in the study. The students were divided into two groups and all attended anger management workshops for seven 2-hour sessions. Before and after the workshops, Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory was completed by all the students.

Results: Results of dependent t-test showed a significant increase in the internal and external anger control of the sample group after the workshops.

Conclusion: Humans are different in controlling and expressing their emotions, but training can increase proper skills and abilities in the individuals in this regard. Therefore, we may conclude that utilizing cognitive-behavioral intervention method could enhance anger control (internal and external) in high school students.

P254- Examining the Influence of Life Skill Training on Students' Mental Health

KHAlipourmoghadam1

l.M.A , Lecturer , education science , Payam Noor ,Ghaen, Iran

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Life skill training is a training program which can have a positive effect on students' mental health. Parents' negligence and educational systems have made problems for students in daily affairs.

Objective: This study aims to examine the influence of life skill training on students' mental health.

Methods: This study is a kind of post and pre test with a control group. One hundred students have been selected through accident multi-stage sampling for two experimental and control groups. The applied instruments in this study were Gold Berg General Mental Health Questionnaire and the manual for life skill training. Having chosen the accidental sampling, pre-test was administered for both groups. Then, training was carried on and finally post-test was done for both groups. The achievements were analyzed trough T-test.

Conclusion: The results show that life skill training increases mental health in the experimental group in comparison with the control group.

P255- Impact of Teaching of Problem Oriented Metacognitive Strategies and Self-monitoring on Enhancement of Metacognitive Knowledge and Self-esteem in Children with Reading Difficulties

BagherGhobari- Bonab1, SaeedHasanzadeh2 HojatPirzadi3, Jafar Bakhshi4, AbolfazlRashidiAhmad Abadi 3

l.Author'saffiliation:Associated professor of psychologyand Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Iran.

2. Author'saffiliation: Assistant professor of psychologyand Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Iran.

3. Author'saffiliation: M.A In Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Tehran,Iran.

4. Author'saffiliation: M Ain Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Tehran,Iran.

5. Correspondent author: PH.D In Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Tehran,Iran.

Email address: [email protected]

Introduction: Metacognitive strategies have an important role in the process of learning reading by children with learning disabilities.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of two metacognitive strategies: SQP4R, and self- monitoring on metacognitive knowledge and self-esteem of children with reading problems.

Methods: Thirty students were selected from the population of fifth grade students by means of multi- stage cluster sampling. Pretest-posttest control group design was used as a design of the study. Following instruments were used in this study as dependent variables: Colored Raven's Progressive Matrices of Intelligence, Reading and Dyslexia Test, Cooper-Smith Self-esteem Inventory, and Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory.

Results: The results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed the effectiveness of SQP4R strategy and self- monitoring in enhancement of metacognitive knowledge in the experimental group. However, the intervention was not effective on enhancement of self-esteem in participants.

Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study, it can be concluded that metacognitive strategy of SQP4R and self- monitoring were effective in increasing metacognitive knowledge base, but were not significantly effective in increasing self-esteem in children with reading problems

P256- The Study of the Effect of Problem Solving Skill Training on the Mental Health of High Scholl Students in Islam Abad in 2010

Bahar Seyfi1, Tayebehlamshidi Khezli2, Mansooreh Nikogoftar3, Navideh Nasiri4

1.Nursing Instructor Islamic Azad University , Tehran Medical Branch

2.Nursing M. S. Tayebe.jamshidi@Yahoo. com

3.Master of nursing and midwifery of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch.

4. Master of medical profession college of Tehran ShahidBeheshti Univrsity

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Nowadays, due to the complexity of the society, the amount of stressful potentials which can endanger the individual's health has increased. Consequently, it is necessary to prepare and train people especially the youths to face difficult situations appropriately.

Objective: The objective of this project was to specify the effect of problem solving skill training on the mental health of high school students of western Islam Abad City in 2010.

Method: This was an experimental study conducted with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical society of this research was all female students of state high schools of Islam Abad. Sixty two students with medium and weak mental health status were selected by multi-phase random sampling method after administering the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Then, they were divided in to two groups randomly. The tool for collecting data was 28-item questionnaire of General Health (including four scales: physical symptoms, anxiety and sleep disorder, disorder in social performance and depression),and the questionnaire of Demographic Symptoms of the Samples. To determine the scientific reliability of the research tool, the retest method and calculating Cronbach alpha were used. For data analysis, absolute t tests and t-even tests were used by SPSS software. To start the process, freshmen students of the four schools were given the questionnaire. Then, the students who had a mental health score of higher than 33.40 (medium and weak mental health)were selected and divided in to two groups. The control group received ten 45-minute problem solving skill training sessions combined with speech and group discussion twice a week for five weeks. The placebo group received no training. After one month, the aforesaid questionnaire was again completed by the samples of the two groups, control and placebo, and the results were compared with the pre- test.

Results: Data analysis revealed that problem solving skill training is effective in the dimensions of physical symptoms, anxiety, sleep disorder, depression and also in the general health score (p<0.05), but it had no effect on disorder in social performance (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Gaining the kill of problem solving plays a key role in mental and physical hygiene.

P257- The efficacy of Social-Emotional LearningSkills Program on the Emotional Quotient and Aggression of Female High school Students in Ahvaz

Najmeh Hamid1

1 .AssociateProfessor of clinical psychology, dept of clinical psychologu, ShahidChamran University Ahwaz,Iran

*Email:n. hamid@/scu. ac. ir

Introduction: Social-emotional skills have an important role in decreasing aggression, emotional regulation and human adjustment.

Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy of social-emotional learning skills program on the emotional quotient of female high school students in Ahvaz.

Methods: The research method was quasi experimental with pre-post test, follow up and control group. The sample consisted of 64 female students who were selected by random cluster sampling and based on one standard deviation above the mean in aggression inventory. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups as experimental and control. The experimental group received 12 sessions of social-emotional learning skills training, but the control group did not receiveany intervention.

The instruments were the EQ-I (Bar-on Emotional Quotient Inventory: 90 item) and Boss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire.

Results: The results revealed a significant difference between experimental and control group in aggression and emotional Quotient (PO.OOl). The rate of aggression was decreased in the experimental group compared with pretest and control group, but the Emotional Quotient increased. Also these results persisted after the follow up.

Conclusion: Social-emotional learning increased The Emotional Quotient but decreased aggression in female students.

P258- Examining the Influence of Life Skills Training on Students' Mental Health

KHAlipourmoghadam *

This study aims to examine the influence of life skill training on students' mental health.

This was an experimental study with post and pretest, and a control group. One hundred students were selected through accident multi-stage sampling, and were divided in to two groups of experimental and control. Goldberg General Mental Questionnaire, and the Manual for Life Skill Training were used as the study tools. At first, pre-test was administered for the both groups. Then, training was provided for the experimental group, and finally post-test was administered for both groups.

Data were analyzed by T-test.

The results showed that life skill training increased mental health in the experimental group compared with the control group.

P259- Instruction Broaden and Build Theory on Parent- Child Value Conflicts in Female Adolescents

SimaGhoclrati,PHD of counseling

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of instruction broaden and build theory on parent- child value conflicts in female adolescents. This theory is suggested by Fredrickson and describes the form and function of a subset of positive emotions in people.

Methods: This is a semi experimental study with pre- and post tests. The population includes all female adolescents in Tehran's high schools. The sample consisted of 24 students who were selected randomly by multistage sampling method. The instruments used in this research were Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ), and Conflict Tactics Scales (CT).

After applying these two instruments, 24 students whose values differed from their mothers (based on PVQ) and who scored over the standard level in CT (15 or more), were selected randomly as subjects. Then, they were placed in two equal groups. Both groups took pre and post -tests.

Results: The results indicated that group therapy on the basis of instruction broaden and build theory leads to increase in reasoning reduction of verbal and physical aggression, and in sum reduction of conflict.

P260- Stress Management in Public High School Female Students of Gorgan in 2011.

HashemHeshmati *', Nasser Behnampour2, Sahar Adibmoghadam3, Samane Khajavi4

1. Corresponding Author:MSc in Health education, Faculty member of Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran

2. PhD student in bio statistics, Faculty member of Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran

3. BS in public health, school of public health, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran

4. BSin management, Gorganpayamenour university, Gorgan, Iran

*Email: [email protected].

Introduction: stress in one the most prevalent mental disorders that affect physical and mental health.

Objective: This study was designed and done with the aim of determining stress management in public high school female students in Gorgan in 2011.

Methods: in this descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2011, 300 female students were selected from public schools of Gorgan selected through stratified sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaire whose reliability and validity was approved. Data were analyzed with Chi-Square test using SPSS 18 soft ware .

Results: Of the 300 students, in 67 stress management was (22.3%) low, in 170students was(56.7%) moderate , in 60 (20%) was good, and in 3 students (1%) was high. A significant relationship was found between stress management and family income, mother's occupation, and parents' education. However, no significant relationship was observed between father' s occupation and stress management. (P <0.05)

Discussion: The management of stress in students is not desirable. Considering the undesirable stress management in students with low economic status whose mothers are housewives and whose parents have low education level, we recommend appropriate intervention particularly educational interventions and counseling for vulnerable students.

P261- The Effectiveness of Life Skills Training on Self-efficacy and Academic Stress

A.Havayi

Email: havayireza(a\GmaiI. com

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of life skills training (Self-Awareness, Assertiveness, problem solving and stress management), on high school students' self-efficacy and academic stress.

Method: Participants were high school students (143 female and 177 mail) who completed General self- efficacy (GSE), Academic Expectations Stress Inventory (AESI) and demographic instruments. Of the 320 students who had registered for participating in the training sessions, 36 male and 36 female students who had the highest total scores on AESI were selected and randomly assigned in to two experimental and control groups. Then, ten sessions of life skills training were administrated for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any training. After training sessions, scales were used again to test the two groups as a pre-test.

Result: Results of analysis of covariance showed that life skills training significantly increased self-efficacy (p=0.03), and significantly decreased academic stress (p=0.000) and academic stress arising from expectations of others (p=0.037) in high school senior students. However, academic stress arising from expectations of self (p=0.08) was not significantly decreased.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that life skills training is one of the effective methods for increasing self- efficacy and decreasing academic stress.

P262- Prevalence Rate of Anxiety Disorder and Impact of Problem Solving Skills and Relaxation Training on its reduction among Elementary School Students

Kamran Amirian 1 ,NastaranShariff .LaylaJabary3

1- M.! in Clinical Psychology, PayamenoorlJniversity, Songhor, Iran, Email: Κjimirian61(a)y ahoo.com

2- PH.D in Educational psychology, Assistant professor of Islamic Azad universityRoudehen branch

3- AM inPsychologv and Education of Exceptional Children, Payamenoor University

Introduction: Anxiety disorder is one of important disorders among children and teenagers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of anxiety disorder among elementary school boys, and to determine the impact of problem solving skill and relaxation training on reducing anxiety.

Methods: To determine the prevalence of anxiety disorder among students of Songhor, 500 primary school boys were selected. They responded to the self- evaluation test anxiety. To determine the effect of problem solving skill training and relaxation training in reducing anxiety disorder, 45 boys with anxiety disorder were selected by simple random sampling and were placed in to two experimental group for problem solving skills, and relaxation training, and a control group. Then the experimental group received six 70- minute training sessions. For data analysis descriptive statistic's. One-way analysis of variance test, test power and Tukey post hoc test were used.

Results: The prevalence of anxiety disorder among boys was 8/07%.Training results showed that relaxation training methods was more effective in reducing anxiety than problem solving skills training. However, the results were not significant, and both methods had a greater impact on reducing anxiety compared with the control group. Also the follow-up results suggested a positive influence of stable training methods on reduction of anxiety after 6 months.

Conclusion: Considering the prevalence of anxiety disorder and its impact on the general lives of children and adolescents, preventing and treating anxiety disorder in this age group is of prime importance. Further, in this study it was found that relaxation and problem solving training are important and useful strategies for reducing anxiety disorder in children and adolescents.

P263- The Effects of Life Skills Training on Social Development, Emotional Adjustment, and Social Adjustment of First- grade Guidance School Female Students in Neka

Zahra Roodbari1 *,Esmaeil saadipour2

1. Corresponding Author: PsychologvKIA of AllamehTabatabaeiUniversity, Tehran, Iran.

2. Assistant prof of AllamehTabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran.

*Email: zroodbari(a)yahoo. com

Introduction: Life skills include group of abilities that provide a base for adjustment, positive and useful behavior. These abilities enable the person to accept Iiis social responsibilities and face Iiis daily problems and expectations especially in interpersonal relationship.

Objective :The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of life skills training on social development, emotional adjustment and social adjustment of first- grade guidance school female students in city of Neka.

Methods: This was an experimental study with pre- test and post- test and control group. The statistical population included all first- grade guidance school female students in Neka; among whom, 30 students were randomly selected and placed in to two groups of experimental(N=15) and control (N=15) groups. Life skills training sessions were provided to the experimental group during ten 2-hour sessions, one session a week. The study tools were Social Development Questionnaire,(Alice Whitman, 1983), and High School Students Adjustment Questionnaire (sinha&singh 1993). Toanalyze data, after calculating pre- post test scores, t-test was used for the independent group and multi- variable variance analysis was also used(MANOVA).

Results: Findings showed that life skills training lias a positive and significant effect on social development, emotional adjustment, social adjustment, emotional adjustment(F= 11/948, PO/OOl), social adjustment (F=5/714, p<0/05) and social development (F=18/403, p<0/01) of the subjects.

Conclusion: The results revealed that life skills training increased social development, emotional adjustment, and social adjustment among the subjects. Therefore, it can be concluded that public health level and children's and adolescents' adjustment may be improved through life skill training.

P264- Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Problem Solving Skills Training on Reduction of Symptoms of Test Anxiety in High School Girls

FereshtehBahezat

*Email: baezzatl2(a)gmail. com

Objective: In this research the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy with problem solving skills training on reduction of symptoms of test anxiety in high school girls was examined.

Method: This was a quasi-experimental research with pretest, posttest and control group. The statistical community consists of all freshmen junuir, and senior high school students inBabol (Mazandaran). Thirty students with test anxiety disorder took identical tests (Test Anxiety Inventory), and then were selected randomly using sampling method. The evaluated sample was then randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Experimental group received cognitive-behavioral therapy with problem solving skill training in 10 sessions but control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed through covariance analysis (ANCOVA). Results: Research findings indicate that the symptoms of test anxiety of experimental group decreased compared with control group.

Conclusion: Results indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapy with problem solving skills training are useful and efficient strategies for reducting test anxiety of students with test anxiety.

P265- Effectiveness of Psychological Intervention son Improving Sleep Quality of Adolescents with Down syndrome

SajedYaghoobnezhad1, saeedHassanzadeh1 , Zahra Abb asi an Nik1

1.Corresponding author: M.Sc in Psychology of Exceptional Children from University of Tehran, Iran, Tehtan

*Email: sajjed kian&yahoo. com.

Objective: Sleep is a dynamic biological process and an important part of life and is associated with quality of social interaction. In addition to its protective and restorative role, sleep is involved in reconstruction of physical and emotional forces. Physical and cognitive symptoms of poor sleep quality, reaching adolescence not only resolved but gradually showed the pathological quell of insomnia in adolescents. Studies indicated a lower quality of sleep in adolescents with Down syndrome compared with normal adolescents. Purpose: The aim of this research was to review the effectiveness of psychological intervention son improving sleep quality of adolescents with Down syndrome.

Method: Twenty male subjects aged 13 to 21 with IQs of50 to 75 were selected through purposive sampling and divided in to two groups of experimental and control. Pre- test - post- test with un equal control group was used. Experimental and control groups responded to the Ptysborg(G. Basiet all989) Sleep Quality Questionnaire.

Results: The results of this study may reflect an improvement in quality of sleep in mentally retarded adolescents with Down syndrome, including improvement in sleep mind quality, delay in falling asleep and sleep disorders and daily practice.

Conclusion: Sleep problems are related to low physical activity, not eating breakfast and mental health. Further, there ole of sleep has been confirmed in improving cognitive development, memory, executive function and academic performance. Therefore, to prevent serious sleep problems and their consequence, sleep hygiene should be seriously considered in adolescents with Down syndrome .Furthermore, effective educational programs should be offered as a part of family education to children and adolescents with Down syndrome and their parents.

P266 - The Effect of Anger Management Training on Anger and Parenting Stress of Mothers of Autistic Children

Forogh Riahi1 (M.D) ,Nilofar Khajeddin' (M.D), sakinehizadi- Mazidi3

1. Child and adolescent psychiatrist, assistant Prof of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Ahvaz, Iran

2.Corresponding author .Psychiatrist, assistant Prof, of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

3. Clinical psychologist

Introduction: Autism disorder is one of the developmental pervasive disorders that is characterized with impairment in social interaction delayed development in communication skills and restricted relational model. Due to various problems of these children, their families and especially their mothers experience anger and are under stress.

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of anger management training on anger and parenting stress of mothers of autistic children.

Method and Materials: The sample of this research consisted of twenty mothers of autistic children. Subjects were placed randomly in control and experimental groups. Measurements were Staxi Inventory and Abidin Parenting Stress Questionnaire. The Experimental group participated in 5 sessions of anger management training.

Results: The result of covariance analysis showed that anger management training decreased anger and parenting stress of mothers in the experimental group in post-test stage.

Conclusion: Anger management training could be an important part of interventions to decrease anger and parenting stress of mothers of autistic children.

P267- The Effectiveness of Training Self- Assertiveness on Self-Concept and Social Phobia among Students

RaziehHedavatsafa 1, Maria Firoozshad1 ,Nasrin Naderifar1 Mahnaz Khosrojavicf

1. Corresponding author' Master of Arts (?Ι?) General Psychology, ,

2 Assisment Professor of Psychology, University of Guilan

E-mail address:razie hedavatsafa&yahoo.com

Introduction: An important aspect of self- assertiveness is the utilization of self-consciousness to decrease social phobia.

Objectives: The present research was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Self-assertiveness on Self- concept .and social phobia of students in Rasht.

Method and Materials: The sample consisted of female students from Shahed Guidance school in Rasht. After screening, the sample consisted of 30 students having weak self-concept and high social phobia. They were placed in to in two groups randomly. Rogers Self Concepts Questionnaire (1961),and Liebovits Social Phobia Questionnaire (1996) were used for data collection. The instruction program of self-assertiveness was provided for the experimental group in eight 90-minute sessions once a weak. Then both groups took the posttest. Results: The results gained from the study using covariance analysis revealed that self-assertiveness instruction was meaningful in examining self-concept and social phobia at the level of p<0/01. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the results, self-assertiveness instruction is effective in reducing self-concept and social phobia.

P268- The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Academic Achievement in Adolescents

Omranian- RazivehSheikholeslami- HamidrezaZakeriMaasoumeh

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles (secure, avoidant & ambivalent) and academic achievement in adolescents.

Method: Three hundred high school students were selected randomly by cluster sampling method. Instruments were: Attaclunent Styles Questionnaire (Sharp & et. al., 1998 cited in Gilbert & Irons, 2005) and the academic average of students.

Results: The result of regression analyses showed a significant positive correlation between secure attaclunent and academic achievement. Also, a significant negative correlation was found between ambivalent and avoidant attaclunent styles and academic achievement. The result of t-test revealed no significant differences in attaclunent styles and academic achievement between male and female adolescents.

P269-Effectiveness of Stress Management Training on General Health and Negative Emotional Reactions of Adolescent Girls

Hamid Amiri1, Mohammad Torkaman1, Soroush Khoshnam1

l.MA student in Clinical Psychology, AllamehTabatabai University.

Email: soroush. khoshnam&yahoo. com

Objectives: Adolescence is known as a stressful period of lifespan .This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management training on general health and negative emotional reactions of adolescent girls.

Method and Materials: This was a semi experimental study with pretest - posttest and control group. Thirty four high school students in Kavar, sliiraz, were selected using available sampling and divided in to two equal groups of experimental(n=17) and control(n=17). The experimental group received stress management program based on practical applications of McNamara (2001) in six 90-minute sessions for six weeks. Then the two groups completed the tests. Research tools included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, Goldberg and Hillier, 1979) and Depression Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21, Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995).Data analysis was done using covariance analysis, with SPSS 19.

Results: Findings revealed significant differences in general health depression, anxiety and stress of the experimental group (p <0/05) before and after training. The intensity of emotional reactions in the experimental group decreased after intervention compared with the control group. Further, mental health increased in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusion: This study suggests that stress management programs increases general health and reduces negative emotional reactions in adolescent girls.

P270- Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Emotional Skills Training on Improvement of Emotional Management (Anger/Sadness/Anxiety) in Primary School Children

TalebianParisa, TaqizadehMohamadEhsan, AsghariNekah Mohsen

Introduction: Since Emotional Management skills predict the mental health status of individuals in future years, it is not enough to equip the children of today with just more complicated cognitive abilities if they are to play their social roles effectively. Change of emotional and behavioral skills is also necessary for effective activities.

Objective: The main goal of the present study was to verify if group cognitive-emotional skills training results in better anger, sadness and anxiety management skills in primary school children, and if the said trainings are at all effective in improving realistic views in such children.

Methods: The study takes an empirical approach using pre-test and post-test phases with a control group. CEMS Children Emotional Management Skills Scale and RCMAS Children Manifest Anxiety Scale were used as data gathering tools. The statistical population included all primary school girls in the age range of 7 to 11 years in Mashhad; among whom, 30 students were selected by multiple-phase cluster sampling. They were then placed in a test group (15 students) and a control group (15 students) by random selection. The test group received 12 sessions (1.5 hours) of group training on cognitive-emotional skills.

Findings: Given the results of covariance analysis and independent t tests, group training based on cognitive- emotional approach was generally effective on negative emotions of primary school children in a way that the test subjects showed pleasant changes in their management of anger, sadness and anxiety in comparison to their pre-intervention status (P=0.00). Also, the results of Yeoman-Whitney test on the Children Manifest Anxiety Scale demonstrated that group training of cognitive-emotional skills made the test subjects assess themselves with more realism and less exaggeration (P=0.005).

Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the significance and effectiveness of using emotional management training programs for efficient and all- aspect growth and development of children.

P271- The Effectiveness of Communication Skills Training on Self-Concept, Self-Esteem and Self- Assertiveness of Students

NasrinNaderifar 1 , Razieh Hedayatsafa1, Maria Firoozshad1 ,Mahnaz Khosrojavid2

1. Corresponding author' Master of Arts (MA) General Psychology, ,

2Assisment Professor of Psychology, University of Guilan

E-mail address:raziehedayatsafa@yahoo. com

Objectives: The present research was conducted to investigate the efficacy of communication skills on self-concept, self-esteem and self-assertiveness of students in Rasht.

Method and Materials: The sample consisted of female students of Shahed Guidance school in Rasht. After screening, the sample consisted of 40 students having weak self-concept, self-esteem and self- assertiveness. They were placed into two groups randomly. Rogers self- concepts Questionnaire (1961), Cooper Smith Self-esteem Questionnaire (1967),and Alberti and Emmons Self-Assertiveness Questionnaire (1993) were used for data collection. The experimental groups received communication skills instruction program in eight90-minute sessions once a weak. Then, both groups took the post test. Results: The results gained from the study using covariance analysis revealed that communication skills instructions was meaningful in examine self-concept and self-esteem and self-assertiveness at the level of p<0/01.

Conclusion: According to the results, communication skills instruction increases self-concept, self-esteem and self-assertiveness.

P272-Self-Modeling Techniques used to Manage Symptoms and Deficits in Social Behaviors of Children with Psychological Disorders

Amir Ansari1 , SusanSalehi2, MostafaKarami3Mohammad Reza Khodaei4

1. Corresponding author: Student of educational psychology (MA) Islamice Azad university Central Tehran Branch,Iran

2 .Speech and language pathologist (MA) Tabriz university of medical scienses,Iran

3 . Student of educational psychology (MA) Islamice Azad university Central Tehran Branch,Iran

4. Assistant Professor, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation sciences, Tehran,Iran

*Email: ansari _amir999@yahoo. com

Introduction: There are several intervention methods in the field of psychological disorders in children. The methods of intervention cancovera wide range of disorders and their symptoms and many of these disorders may be use ful for improving. One of these methods of intervention is the Self-Modeling approach developed from Band ura modeling. This method is based on principles of Self-Management and Self- Monitoring. In this procedure, management is positive or negative behavior of the client. The method is based on the visual and verbal feedback to clients to modify their behavior problems.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the application of self-modeling in treatment of psychological disorders in children.

Methods: More than 25articlesonself-modeling were collected from Springer, Prouest, and Elsevier data banks, and were then analyzed.

Results: These studies showed that this method is generally used for such disorders as lack of learning in social skills in Autism Spectrum Disorders and adjustment disorder. Also, providing feedback and integrating this approach with cognitive components to maximize its effectiveness can be note worthy points of this effective approach.

Conclusion: Combining self-modeling techniques with other psychological treatments like verbal feedback can be effective in improving wellbeing of children with different psychological symptoms.

P273- Effectiveness of Stress Management Training on Problem Solving, Hope and Life Satisfaction in Adolescent Girls

Hamid Amiri1, Mohammad Torkaman1, Soroush Khoshnam1

1.K1A student in Clinical Psychology, AllamehTabatabai University.

Email: soroush. khoshnam&yahoo. com

Introduction and Objectives: Adolescence is known as a stressful period in human developmental path. Problem-solving ability in adolescents helps them overcome problems of this period more effectively. Besides, hope and life satisfaction in adolescents are strong predictors of healthier growth in their later stages of life. This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of stress management training on problem solving ability, hope and life satisfaction of adolescent girls.

Method and Materials: This was a semi- experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group. In this study, 34 high school female students were selected, using available sampling among high school students in Kavar and were randomly divided in to two 17 person groups (experimental and control). The experimental group received stress management using the practical application of McNamara (2001) in six 90- minute sessions for six weeks. Research tools included Problem solving Questionnaire (Cassidy and Long, 1996), Hope (Schneider and et al, 1991) and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (Diener, 1985). Data were analyzed using covariance analysis.

Results: findings revealed a significant difference between the two groups (P <0/05) in problem-solving, satisfaction and life expectancy scores before and after the intervention. In fact, the experimental group had more increase in dependent variables scores of the study than the control group.

Conclusion: The Stress management training program increases problem solving ability, and improves hope and life satisfaction in adolescents. Therefore, using this method is recommended for educational and research purposes and also for clinical services.

P274- The Efficacy of Emotional Intelligence Education on Problem Solving Skills and Mental Health among Students

Maria Firoozshad1 ,Razieh Hedayatsafir,Nasrin Naderifar, Mahnaz Khosrojavid3

1. Corresponding author: Master of Arts (ALA) General Psychology, ,

"Master of Arts (?Ι?) General Psychology

3'Assisment Professor of Psychology, University of Guilan

E-mail address: m Jiroozshad(a)yahoo. com

Introduction: An important aspect of emotional intelligence is the utilization of emotional competences for problem solving and its influence on mental health.

Objectives: The present research was conducted to investigate the efficacy of emotion intelligence instructions on students' problem solving skill and mental health in Rasht.

Method and Materials: The sample consisted of female students of Shahed Guidance school in Rasht. After screening, the sample consisted of 30 students having weak mental health and weak problem solving skill. The subjects were placed in to two groups randomly. For data collection. Goldbergue& Hillier General Health Questionnaire (1979), and Cassidy and Long Problem Solving Style Questionnaire (1996) were used. The experimental group received the instruction program of emotion intelligence in eight 90- minute sessions once a weak. Then ,both groups took the post- test.

Results: The results gained from the study, using covariance analysis revealed that emotion intelligence instruction was meaningful on problem solving styles (including: creative, confidence, approach, helplessness, control and avoidance ) and general health factors (including :physical symptoms, anxiety and depression).Conclusion: Therefore, according to the results, emotion intelligence instruction is effectiveness in improving mental health and problem solving skill of adolescent girls.

P275- A Comparative Investigation of Parenting Stress in Mothers of Boy Children with Mental Retardation, Blindness, Deafness, and Physical and Handicap Disabilities

Aolfazl Rashidi1, Mojtaba Habibi'

1. Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2. Corresponding author :Health Ρ svchologist, Assistant Professor, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran

*Email: mo habibi&sbu.ac.ir (Mojtaba Habibi)

Objectives: This study has been conducted to investigate parenting stress in mothers of exceptional boy children (ECMs) with mental retardation, blindness, deafness, and physical and handicap disabilities.

Methods: In this causal-effect research design, 352 exceptional boy children (ECMs) were selected using multi-phases cluster sampling . The sample included children with blindness (n=74), physical and handicap (n=74), deafness (n=108), and mental retardation (n=96). Data were collected using Abedins Short Form Parenting Stress Index (PSI-SF), and analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

Results: Findings of the study showed that ECMs with blindness disability scored significantly higher on averages of total scores of parenting stress than ECMs with physical and handicap disability. Investigation of parenting stress among the four groups showed the following results: 1) ECMs with blindness disability scored significantly higher in parenting stress on Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction (PCDI) subscale than ECMs with deafness, and ECMs with blindness showed a higher score based on PCDI subscale than the other three groups; 2) ECMs with blindness disability scored significantly higher in parenting stress on difficult child (DC) subscale than ECMs with physical and handicap disability, and ECMs with blindness showed a higher score based on DC subscale than the other three groups.

Conclusion: Although previous studies revealed that ECMs scored higher on parenting stress than mothers of normal children (NCMs), this study with focus on four ECMs groups showed that mothers of ECMs with blindness disability have higher levels of parenting stress in two PCDI and DC subscales compared with mothers of the other groups.

P276- The Relationship between Parenting Styles and Risky Behaviors in Adolescents

MostafaAlikhani1 ,JavadMohamadi2

1 .Corresponding author : M.A in General Psychology, RaziUniversity, Kermanshah, Iran

2.M.A in Clinical Psychology, Payam NoorUniversity, Kermanshah, Iran

*Email: M. alikhani 18@yahoo. com

Introduction: A community cannot make any health claims if it does not have healthy families. The family is the most fundamental institution for the socialization of children especially in the early critical years of life. Parenting styles refer to communicative and educative patterns between parents and children. There is no doubt that any social damage stems from the impact of family. The risky behaviors put health and welfare of youths at risk. Since risk rate of adolescents and youths is higher than that of other age groups, more inclination to these types of behavior is seen in adolescents.

Objective iConsidering the impact of family on behavior patterns of adolescents and youths, this study attempts to investigate the association between parenting styles and tendency of adolescents to risky behaviors.

Methods: The statistical community consisted of of all students in Kermanshah high schools enrolling in 2010-2011 academic year. Of them, a sample of 170 was selected by multi-stage clustering method. The tools for data collection were Baumrind Questionnaire Parenting Styles, and Iranian Adolescents Risky Behaviors Questionnaire. This was a correlative study in which Pearson correlative test was used for data analysis.

Results: The results of data analysis indicated a significant and negative relationship between authoritarian parenting style and risky behaviors (r= - 0.472, p= 0.034) with risky behaviors. In addition, there was a negative and significant relationship(r=- ./287, p=./.34) between lax style and risky behaviors. However, no significant relationship was obtained between dictatorial style and risky behaviors.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, the authoritarian parenting style had the maximum relationship with incidence of risky behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, educational patterns in the family and how to raise awareness of parents in this regard are effective factors in reducing risky behaviors of adolescents and increasing their quality of life.

P277- Relationship between Performance of Children in Bender Gestalt Visual Motor Test and Marital Satisfaction of their Mothers

Yahya Akbari Shaye1 , Majid Hadad Rahmani 2, Jafar Talebian sharif3

1 Corresponding author : MA in Clinical Psychology, Shahid Chamran University ofAhvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 MA in Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.

3 A ssistant Professor of Psychology, University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Family is undoubtedly the most important organization that provides a context for physical, mental and social development of children. Many research results indicate the effect of emotional atmosphere of family and marital satisfaction of parents on emotional, psychological problems, cognitive and educational performance of children. Cognitive development, motor and visual motor abilities can be estimated by various tests, one of which is Bender Gestalt test.

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between children's performance on Bender Gestalt test and mother's satisfaction of marriage.

Methods: This was a descriptive study, with available sampling method. A total number of 50 children aged between 5 years and 6 months to 6 years and 6 months, and their mothers were selected from seven kindergartens in different areas of Mashhad. Children's performance was estimated using two methods: error estimation and emotional indicators, both which were evaluated under Koppitz scoring system. To estimate the mother's marital satisfaction, marital satisfaction test was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent Τ test, and Pearson correlation.

Results: The results indicated no significant relationship between children's performance on Bender gestalt visual-motor test and mother's marital satisfaction. Also, in a comparison between the performance of boys and girls, girls' performance was significantly better than boys (p< 0.001).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that children's visual- motor performance in Bender Gestalt test is unaffected by mother's marital satisfaction. Higher performance of girls in this test may be due to faster mental and physical growth in girls compared to boys. However, more research is needed to generalize the result of vulnerability.

P278- A library Study on the Relationship between Parental Cognitions about Infant Sleep and Infant Sleep

Elhame Mohsenian1, Zahra Tabibf, Ali Mashhadt

1. Corresponding author: MSc. Student, General Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Email: El_mo985&stu-mail. um. ac. ir

Introduction: The term "parental cognitions about infant sleep" refers to parental perceptions, attitudes, expectations, and interpretations about infant sleep. Just recently, researchers have taken interest in investigating the role of "parental cognitions about infant sleep" in infant sleep. Therefore, only a few studies have examined this issue. Nevertheless, these limited studies have shown that "parental cognitions about infant sleep" are related to infant sleep development and patterns and also infant sleep problems.

Objectives: This study examined the results of various studies related to the relationship between infants sleep problems and "parental cognitions about infant sleep".

Method: A library study and review of the literature was conducted.

Results: Studies have shown that many factors are involved in creating infants' sleep problems, and "parental cognitions about infant sleep", mother's cognitions in particular is one of the most important of these factors. "Parental cognitions about infant sleep" guide parental behavior about their infants' sleep and will directly affect infants' sleep. On the other hand, it lias been shown that there are important differences between cognitions of fathers and mothers about the child's sleep.

Conclusion: Parental perceptions of the child behavior are significantly associated with child development. Incorrect perceptions of parents about infant sleep may also lead to excessive interference or lack of parental involvement in the child's sleep; each of these factors may contribute to the child's sleep problems. Therefore, training parents to help them to develop right perceptions about infants' sleep may prevent the development of sleep problems in infants.

P279- Relationship between Parenting Styles and Behavioral Problems in Pre-School Children

Mohammad Torkaman1" , Marziveh Geravi3,

HomaAskarianMoghadam Zanjani4, Hamid Amiri1

MA Student in Clinical Psychology, AllamehTabatabai

University, Tehran, Iran,

Corresponding author

Ba in General Psychology. Shiraz. Iran

MA in Clinical Psychology. Tehran. Iran

*Email: m. torkamanS 7(a\vahoo. com

Introduction: Parenting style is an important factor in shaping children's personality and behavior. Furthermore, mothers have a fundamental role in determining children's manners.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and rate of behavior problems in pre-school children.

Methods: This was a descriptive and correlational study. One hundred girls and boys (4-6 years old) with their mothers were selected from all private kindergarten of Marvdasht, in Shiraz, with available sampling. Mothers from 4 kindergartens were given Behavioral Problems Questionnaires of Pre-school Children (Saatchi et al, 2009), and Parenting Styles Questionnaires (Baum rinds, 1973). Fordata analysis, statistical methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test were used.

Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant positive relationship between authoritarian parenting style and behavioral problems in pre-school children. There was a significant negative relationship between authoritative and permissive parenting styles and pre- school children's behavioral problems. There was no significant difference between boys and girls in the rate of behavioral problems.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that authoritarian parenting style is in relation with enhancement of children'sbehavioral problems. Therefore, since parenting style lias a great impact on development of pre-school children emphasis on family education with correct ways of parenting style will be effective in reducing children behavioral problems.

P280-Prevalenceof Depression and Anxiety among Mothers of Children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder in Rasht

TamjidKarimi1 *, AfshinSaberi, BahareShabgard

1. Corresponding author :M.A in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Shafa Hospital, Rasht, Iran

*Email: tamjid. karimi&gmail. com

Introduction: Presence of a child with ADHD in the family is an important factor in shaping psychological problems such as depression and anxiety for all family members, particularly for mothers who have the most interactions with their child.

Objectives: This study determined the prevalence of depression and anxiety in mothers of children with ADHD. In addition prevalence of depression and anxiety in mothers of ADHD children with mothers of normal children were compared.

Methods: Fifteen percent of the total population of mothers of ADHD children [n=154] were selected by random sampling method. Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory were used to collect data; and Descriptive Statistics and t test were used to analyze the data.

Results: About half of mothers (48.7%) of ADHD children suffered from different grades of depression: 62.6% had mild, 34.6%moderate, and 2.6%had severe depression; and 42.3% suffered from different grades of anxiety: 78.4% mild, 16.9% moderate, and 4.6% severe. Prevalence of depression and anxiety were significantly (!'<().() 1 ) higher among mothers of ADHD than mothers of normal children.

Conclusion: A considerable number of mothers of ADHD children had depression and anxiety.There fore, mothers of ADHD children should received equate medical and psychological treatments.

styles can cause obesity in female adolescents and in dimensions of parenting styles, (control - love).In cognitive demographic information, it was determined that non-obese group had a higher quality of Life. However there were not any differences between the two groups in self-efficacy. Therefore, according to these findings, it seems that family and its management have an essential role in the obesity issue of adolescents, and we can prevent the escalation of

obesity among adolescents by means of proper education and appropriate management.

P281- Comparison of Parenting Styles, Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life between High School Female Studentswith and without Obesity in 2011-2012 in Ahvaz

Ma.nasibeh ahmadi1 , Dr.mitra mahmoodi2, Dr.hosin hatami3

1. Corresponding author: Psychology, MA, Psychology, Islamic Azad University Arsanjan Branch, Iran.

2.Psychology, Dr, Psychology, Islamic Azad University Arsanjan Branch, Iran.

3.Traningmanagmant, Dr, Psychology, Islamic Azad University Arsanjan Branch, Iran.

*Email:n24ahmady@gmail. com

P282- Parental Training and Children Behaviour Problems

Hamide Haji Seyedrazi1 ,Manuchehr Azkhosh2, Karine Tahmasian3

1.MA of Family Counseling, Department of Counseling, University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2.PHD of Clinical Psychology, Department of Counseling, University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences, Tehran, Iran

3.PHD of Clinical Psychology, Family Research Institute, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran

Email:[email protected]

Introduction: Obesity is considered a public health problem, and increases the risk of chronic diseases. Environmental and behavioral factors are very effective in prevalence of obesity in adolescents. Parenting style, self- efficacy and quality of life are examples of psychological variables in the process of obesity.

Objectives: This research was conducted to compare parenting styles, self-efficacy and quality of life in obese and normal female students.

Methods: In this research, 260 high school female students in Ahvaz were selected using cluster sampling, and

completed the Shafer Parenting Styles Questionnaire(shefer, 1965),

Olendicks et al, Questionnaire(01endick,1984; Ozold& Coro, 1965) and Scale(WHC)Q-100).Findings were analyzed by Manova,Anova, independent t-test, and multivariate variance of analysis.

Results: Obese subjects acquired a significantly lower score in control dimension of Parenting Styles Questionnaire compared with the non-Obese group (p<0.04, t=l/98). Further, no significant difference was found between the two groups in self- efficacy (p<0 . 5 5 ,t=

-1/92),and descriptive data indicated a higher quality of Life in non-obese group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance(p<0.13).

Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that a set of acquired characteristic in the form of parenting Introduction: Most children have levels of behavior problems which change over time. However, parenting skills have the greatest effect on child changes in preschool years.

Objective: This research aimed at providing training for mothers and assessing its effect on mothers' parenting practices and children behavior problems.

Methods: In this quasi-experimental research, 25 volunteer mothers whose children were in the age range of 4-6 years, who referred to the health and play homes in the 10th district of Tehran were divided into 2 groups (13 persons in experimental and 12 persons in witness groups). In pretest, 2 groups completed child report parent behaviour inventory (CRPBI, Margolies & Weintraub, 1977; with 3 dimensions: acceptance/rejection, psychological autonomy/ psychological control, firm control/ permissive control) and Eyberg child behaviour inventory (ECBI, Eyberg & Ross, 1977). Parenting training was presented to mothers of experimental group in 6 sessions each of which lasted for 2 hours. At the end, those inventories were completed for the 2 groups as the post test. Covariance analysis indicated that after the intervention, mothers in experimental group showed higher level of parenting practices and firm control. However, intervention did not have a significant effect on other dimensions of parenting and child behaviour problems.

Results & Conclusion: These results were argued based on the nature of parenting, the role of cultural differences, and methods and components of parent training.

P283- Effect of Group Family Therapy based On Acquiring Sexual Identity in Increasing Emotional Intelligence andReducing Anxietyof Adolescent

Ramezan Hasanzadeh1 ,ZeinabTaheri', Ghorb an A ii Haj i tab ars,MohammadRezaA b dollahzadeh Delavari4 ,FatemehGhanbarpour5.

1. Corresponding Author: PhD in Clinical Psychology, Associate professor, Department of Psychology, Azad Islamic University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran

2. Master of psychology, Lecturer at Mazandaran Institute of Technology, Babol, Iran.

3. Master ofSociologv, Teacher of ShahidBeheshti School, Babol, Iran.

4. Student, ShahidBeheshti School, Babol, Iran.

5. Master of Statistics, Lecturer at Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran.

*Email:rhassanzadehd(a>yahoo.com

Introduction: Initial incompatible schémas, deep and strong beliefs of an individual regarding self and the world are formed in childhood and adolescence and find their way to adulthood, which are to a great extend inefficient. During this century in which psychological pressures have loomed over the life of people, the most effective component of successful coping is responsiveness to emotions, which is affected by the individual's emotional intelligence. Individuals with higher emotional intelligence can control their temperaments with a proper understanding and through assessing emotions (Yang and Classo, 2003, Siarochi, Dian & Anderson 2002).

Objectives: The present research was carried out with the aim of examining the effectiveness of adolescents' sexual identity education along with parents in increasing emotional intelligence and reducing anxiety of adolescents. One of the most important problems of adolescents is how to achieve their sexual identity.

Methods: The research method was experimental and its design was pre-test/post-test with control group. Among 300 adolescents, 20 adolescents were randomly selected and placed into two groups of experiment and control. Barad's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Spielberg's Anxiety Questionnaire were used. Then all the experimental adolescents along with their families were interviewed. Six group training sessions were provided for families as well as the adolescents, and the questionnaires were presented again. The training team included a psychologist, a sociologist, and a trained adolescent for facilitating discussions.

Results: Based on statistical results, group training of families and adolescents led to an increase (46/8%) of emotional intelligence, and a decrease (63/3%) of anxiety in adolescents.

Conclusion: Since family therapy with this approach had not been done in our country, this project can be used as an applicable and a practical initiative with the aim of preliminary prevention and solving sexual- physical and psychological problems of adolescents. The result of this project may be utilized in other researches to solve adolescents' problems.

P284- Parents' Age at the Time of Marriage as a Factor in Havingmorethan one Disabled Infants: ACase of Parents Living in Isfahan

Majid MehrMohammadi1

1 .Correspondging author : Department of Psychology, BehbahanBranch,Islamic Azad University, Behbahan, Iran

*E. mail :M3mehr(a\behbahaniau. ac. ir

Objective: Parents' age is one of the most significant factors in etiology of disabilities and disorders seen in infants. Getting married at high-risk ages may increase the rate of disabilities and disorders in infants. Hence, the aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between parents' age and the probability of reoccurrence in delivering handicapped and disabled infants as well as providing some guidelines to prevent this problematic issue.

Methods: This was a causal-comparative study with the sample population of 494 mothers with more than one infant along with those who have only normal infants. The participants were selected through simple and multi-stage random sampling. The measure of data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire attested by seven scholars mastered in this issue. According to Code-Richardson 20 method, content validity of the questionnaire was 0.88. The statistical model was linear logarithm utilized through hierarchical method. The aggregated data were analyzed through SPSS software (version 16).

Results: The results of the study showed a statistically significant relationship between mother's age at the time of marriage and belonging to the group (pv= 0.000), father's age at the time of marriage and belonging to the group (pv= 0.0.04), and also between mother's and father's age at the time of marriage (pv= 0.000). However, the findings were not statistically enough to determine whether the relationships among mother's age, father's age, and belonging to the group were statistically significant.

Conclusion: Mother's age and father's age at the time of marriagecan increase delivery of a disabled infant. Furthermore, in this study, there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between mother's and father's age at the time of marriage, meaning that when father's age for marriage increased, mother's age for marriage did increase as well.

P285- Effects of Teaching Advanced Parenting Methods on Children's Behavioral Problems and Family Problem Solving

Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta, Ph.D.1 , Saeed Akbari Zardkhaneh', Marvam Mahmoodi3

1. Corresponding author : Associate Professor, University of Tehran

2. Ph.D. Student, Allameh Tabatabaei University

3. Graduate Student, University of Tehran

* Email: ms-yekta(a),uiowa.edu

Introduction: Problem solving skill is one of the basic components in dealing with everyday life problems. Children's problems and family crisis can be prevented by problem solving training. In this regard, some specialists designed and implemented problem solving workshops for parents and children.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the workshops titled "Having a thankful child" in which problem solving strategies have been taught to mothers.

Methods: In these workshops, children are trained for understanding feelings and opinions of others, as well as their motives, finding multiple solutions to a problem, considering the consequences of their action and sequential planning by utilizing a number of lessen plans. The study sample group included 38 mothers of children who were studying in some private schools in Tehran. These workshops were held in nine 2-hour sessions once a week by experienced instructors. The current study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest - posttest design without control group. Data were collected using Children's Behavioral Problems Questionnaire, and Family Problem Solving Scale.

Results: Findings indicated a significant effect on reducing children's behavioral problems; however, no significant effect was observed in the area of family problem solving. It seems that findings of this research can be used as an effective intervention for reducing children's behavioral problems.

Conclusion: Finally, discussion and conclusions, limitations and recommendations for future research are presented.

P286- Outcomes of Parental Mental Illness on Children: A Qualitative Study

Reza Zeighami1 , Fatemeh Oskouie', Soodabeh Joolaee'

1. Corresponding author'.Assistant Professor of Oaz\'in University of Medical Sciences, Oai\'in, Iran

2. Associated Professor, Center for Nursing Care Research, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Email: behsare&gmail. com

Introduction: Children of parents with mental illness are a substantial, yet marginalized group. Although extensive empirical evidence shows their risks for adverse outcomes, there has been little focus on such children's personal experiences.

Objective: This study was conducted to explore the outcomes of parental mental illness on their children. Methods: This study used grounded theory. Seventeen informants were interviewed at a mental hospital in the city of Qazvin Iran. The participants were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling. Interviews were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's method.

Results: It was revealed that parental mental illness leads to five major outcomes that involve communication, mental, educational, economic, and extra roles factors.

Conclusion: It is suggested that these children be considered within health care plans, and that policy makers, nurses, and other health care providers use these findings for preventive and educational purposes.

P287- Relationship between "Parental Interactive Bed time Behavior" and "Infant Sleep"

Elhame Mohsenian1, Zahra Tabibi', Ali Mashhadi"

1. Corresponding author: MSc. Student, General Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Introduction: "Parental interactive bed time behavior" refers to behaviors that parents use for settling children to sleep at bedtime. Since new born babies are unable to distinguish between day and night, parents often use different ways for their nocturnal sleep. Parents may continue to use these methods for a long time or change them after a while.

Objectives: The present study examines the results of various studies in relation to infant sleep and "parental interactive bedtime behavior".

Method: A library study and review of the literature was conducted.

Results: Results showed that the relationship between the "parents' interactive bedtime behavior" and infant sleep, is direct and immediate although a causal direction lias not been established in most previous studies. Little research lias been done to study the underlying factors of severe involvement of some parents or limited involvement of some other parents in the children's nightly sleep process. In general, however, it can be stated that the formation of sleep habits is influenced by the hereditary conditions, physical, psychological, enviromnental, cultural and family.

Conclusion: Basic foundations of sleeping habits are formed in childhood and may continue over the life span. Childhood is a good time for training children to develop good sleep habits. Therefore, detection and prevention of improper sleep habits is important.

P288- Relationship between Three Parenting Styles (Permissive-Authoritative-Authoritarian) with Stress-Test Students

Atefeh Milani1 * 'Samira Kianmanesh'

1. Corresponding author :M.A 'Sistan and Baluchestan University 'Zahedan < Iran

2. M.A <Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Si stan and Bal uche stan, Iran *Email: at_milani(a\yahoo.com

Introduction: Examinations are an essential part of modern life, particularly in the academic field, but they cause stress and anxiety. Anxiety is a deterrent factor in student achievement. Many of the basic research raised component in their parenting styles as children grow and discuss the consequences of these components of cognitive, social (Lambom Mantz, Steinberg and Dronbakh, 1991) and behavioral, emotional (Driscoll, Russell and croquet, 2008) is related to the children. Given the high prevalence of test anxiety in students and its impact on academic achievement, the present study investigated the relationship between parenting styles and test anxiety in students.

Objective: The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between parenting styles (permissive- authoritative-authoritarian) and test anxiety in students.

Method: In this descriptive study, 84 male and female high school students of Zahedan were selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using Test Anxiety Questionnaire (abolghasemi.et al-1375), and Parenting Style (baumrinds).

Results: Data analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant negative relationship between authoritarian parenting style and test anxiety in students (r: 0/299**' ρ: 0/006).

Conclusion: Overall, the results of the study revealed a negative relationship between authoritarian parenting style and test anxiety in students. Thus, parents should use authoritarian parenting style to reduce test anxiety, and improve academic achievement of their children.

P289- The Effects of Parent Education and Skill Training Program on Stress of Mothers ofAutistic Children

MalihehSarabi Jamab1 , HabibehSarabiJamab', Hossien Hasanabadi3, Ali Mashhadi3', Mohsen Asgharinekah3

1.Corresponding author :M.A in Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University ofMashhad.

2.BA in Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

3. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University ofMashhad.

*Email :sarabi.malihe(a>gmail.com

Introduction: Parent of children with autism face challenges placing them at risk for high level of stress and other negative psychological outcomes. Involvement of parents in implementing intervention strategies designed to help their children can reduce these negative outcomes.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of Parent Education and Skill Training Program (PESTP) on reducing stress of mothers of preschool children with autism.

Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted with pretest, posttest and follow-up design, using control group. Samples of the study were 21 mothers of preschool children with autism (aged 3-7 years) in Mashhad who were randomly selected and allocated to experimental and control groups. Participants in experimental group received eleven sessions of training with the PESTP. All participants completed Parenting Stress Index (PSI) at pre and post- training and then a70-day follow-up. Data obtained from this study was analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results: The results showed that training with the PESTP reduced maternal stress after 70-day follow-up (p< 0/05).

Conclusion: This finding confirms the effectiveness of parents' training in reducing stress of mothers of children with autism.

P290- The effect of Parenting Styles on Externalizing Symptoms in Primary School Boys

Mehrzad Farahati1 ,SheidaSharifi Saki'

1.Corresponding author : M.! in Psychology of Family Therapy, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.

2. PhKIAStudent, University of OlomTahghighat, Shiraz, Iran.

*Email: Mehrzad83f&yahoo. com

Introduction: Family enviromnent, particularly the patterns and styles that parents choose to educate their children, influence the personality characteristics and behaviors of children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting styles (authoritarian authoritative and permissive) on externalizing symptoms in primary school boys.

Methods: One hundred twenty mothers of primary school boys were selected by cluster sampling method in the first region of Tehran, and completed Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach &Rescola, 2001), and Parenting Styles Questionnaire (baumrind, 1966). Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used for data analysis.

Results: Results indicated that permissive parenting style had a significant positive relationship with externalizing symptoms and predicted them positively. In contrast, authoritative and authoritarian styles had a significant negative relationship with these symptoms and predicted them negatively.

Conclusions: Parenting styles affect child behavior problems specially externalizing symptoms.

P291- The Relationship betweenParenting Styles with Behavioral Problems ofChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorders

GhorbanHemati Alamdarloo1 , Yaghoob Gharaghani", Zahra Hojati3

1.Corresponding Author: Ph.D, in Special Education, Shiraz University

2.M.A in Special Education

3.M.A in Educational psychology

*Email: vghareghani&yahoo. com

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders or pervasive developmental disorders include Autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. These disorders are characterized by severe and pervasive impairments on varied area of development such as social skills disorder, communication disorders, and behavioral disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles with behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorders in Shiraz.

Method: This study was based on a descriptive- correlation method. The statistical population of this research includes the total parents of children with autism spectrum disorders who lived in Shiraz. The sample size was 67 mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders selected by purposeful sampling procedure. Parenting styles Questioner (Robinson et al., 1995) was used for measuring parenting styles, and repetitive behavior scale-revised was used for measuring children with autism spectrum disorders' Behavioral problems. Data were analyzed by Pierson correlation coefficient.

Results: The results indicated that among parenting styles (Authoritative, Authoritarian and Permissive), there was a significant positive relationship between Authoritarian parenting style and stereotyped behaviors, ritualistic behaviors and sameness behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders. Moreover, results demonstrated a significant negative relationship between Authoritative parenting style and stereotyped behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders.

Conclusion: According to the results, it can be stated that although behavior problems are the main features of Autism spectrum disorders, when parents of children with autism spectrum disorders use Authoritarian and punitive parenting style for managing their children behaviors, the intensity and frequency of behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorders will increase. On the other hand, when parents of children with autism spectrum disorders use authoritative parenting style for managing their children behaviors, the intensity and frequency of behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorders will decrease.

P292- The Relationship between Parenting Styles, Coping Styles, Resiliency and Internet Addiction in Adolescents

shima khorram1 , ZeinabRezaie'

1.Corresponding author :MA. Student of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Fars, Iran.

2.M.A. Student of Clinical Psychology, TarbiatMoallem University, Tehran,Iran.

*Email : shima khorram&yahoo.com

Introduction: The internet lias become an importantpart of our every day life.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the role of parenting styles, coping styles, resiliency and internet addiction in adolescents.

Methods: The sample of this research consisted of 200 high school students in Shiraz who were selected randomly. Parenting styles Scale, Coping Questionnaire, Resiliency Questionnaire and Internet Addiction, and Resiliency Questionnaire were used as instruments for data collection.

Results: This was a correlational study, in which data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression at the meaningful level (p<0.0001). Results revealed a meaningful positive relationship between internet addiction, emotional coping and illogical parenting styles. However, there was a meaningful negative relationship between problem focused coping style, logical parenting styles, resiliency and internet addiction.

Conclusion: Health professionals are responsible for providing adequate information about proper use of the internet and for implementing programs to prevent internet addication.

P293- The Effectiveness of Parents' Training Based on Positive Parenting on Psychological Health of Mothers of Children with Symptomsof Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder and reduce Obsession Symptoms of these Children

Reza, kazemil , marvam safirv, mohamad narimani3

1.Corresponding Author: Psychiatrist, Assistant professor, Islamic Azad University Ardabil, Ardabil, Iran

2. Psychologist, Islamic Azad University Ardabil, Tehran, Iran

3. Psychologist, Professor, University Mohaghegh Ardabil Ardabil, Iran

Email: drreza. kazemi&yahoo. com

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the effectiveness of parents' training based on positive parenting on psychological health of mothers of children with of obsessive - compulsive symptoms and reduce obsession symptoms in these children.

Method: Statistical population included all students with symptoms of obsessive - compulsive disorder in five regional secondary schools in Tehran and their mothers. The study sample included 30 female students with symptoms of obsessive - compulsive who were selected randomly from among region5 secondary schools in Tehran and their mothers. After implementation of Maudsley obsessive-compulsive inventory, the subjects were tested in two experimental and control groups. Mothers of the experimental group received one 2-hour session of positive parenting program weekly for a period of 8 weeks. Mothers of the control group received no training. Subjects were before and after training sessions using Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory and SCL-90 Questionnaire. Gathered Data were analyzed by independent t-test and MANOVA (repeated measurement test).

Results& conclusion: The results showed that positive parenting group program was effective in reducing children's obsessive - compulsive symptoms and increasing psychological health of mothers. Adverse findings also showed that positive parenting program had significant impacts on subscales of fear, aggression, anxiety, obsession interpersonal sensitivity, physical construction. Paranoia, and depression. However, these results were not observed in psychosis subscales.

P294- Comparative Study of the Relationship between Stress and Marital Satisfaction in Parents ADHD and Normal Children

Ali amiri1*; Faride Yousefi Pour.

1 Corresponding Author:.Psychologist. M.! of Psychology. University of Social Welfare And Rehabilitation Sciences. Tehran, iran

2. AID. University of Medical Sciences. Prevention Assistance of Welfare Organization. Oaz\'in.Iran

Email :masuleh(a)gmail.com

Introduction: Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may affect all aspects of a child's life. Indeed, it impacts not only the child, but also parents and siblings, causing disturbances to family and marital functioning.

Objective: This research was done with the purpose of comparing the relationship between stress and marital satisfaction in parents of ADHD and normal children.

Method and Materials: Eighty parents of ADHD children and parents of normal children were placed in two equal groups using the dusteral and simple random sampling. The study tools were Resources and Stress - Friedrich Questionnaire, and Marital Satisfaction (Enrich) Questionnaire.

Results: The results were analyzed with statistical tests ( Pearson and Spearman Correlation, Chi Square, Independent Samples Test and Univariate Analysis of Variance). The findings of this research confirmed the relationship between stress and marital satisfaction in parents of ADHD children with ? = 0/05 and PO/OOl . Parents of these children bear more stress than parents of normal children with (? = 0/05 and P<0/001). Also, parents of normal children have more marital satisfaction than parents of ADHD children with (a =0/05 and P=0/021).

Conclusion: In this study, the relation between stress and marital satisfaction ? = 0/05 and PO/OOl was confirmed.

P295- The Study on the Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in the Mothers of Children with Cleft Palate and Lip

Fatemeh Ranjbar1, Shahin Abdollahi Fakhim2, Tavvebe Bagheri3, Amirhossein Akbarzadeh4

1. Corresponding author: Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, department of psychiatry, Tabriz, Iran

2. Associate Professor of ENT, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, department of ENT, Tabriz, Iran

3. General Physicians, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz, Iran

4. Medical student, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz, Iran

Email: Ranjbarf (altbzmed.ac.ir

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate are the most prevalent craniofacial malformations. It seems that the mothers of these children are more vulnerable to depression and anxiety.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in the mothers of children with cleft palate and lip.

Methods: In a descriptive - analytic study conducted in ENT outpatient clinic of koodakan Hospital of Tabriz, mothers of children with cleft lip and palate were studied for one year. After signing the informed consent form, mothers of afflicted children were selected for the study, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. HAD S questionnaires (Persian version) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression. Data analysis was done by mean ±SD, prevalence and percentage. Independent T-Test and one way ANOVA were used to compare quantitative variables.

Results: In this study, 63% of the participating children were male and 37% were female. The average scores of mothers in subscale of depression and anxiety were 6.93±4.48, 8.98±4.66 respectively; 32% of mothers had anxiety and 35% were depressed. Therefore, there was a significant correlation between the scores of depression and anxiety.

Conclusion: A considerable numbers of mothers of children with cleft palate and lip have anxiety and depression.

P296- Gloomy Horizon: A Qualitative Study on Challenges in Marriage of Children of Parents with Mental Illness

Reza Zeighami1 , Fatemeh Oskouie', Soodabeh Joolaee'

1. C orresponding author: Assistant Professor of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran

2. Associated Professor, Center for Nursing Care Research, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Among the families of patients with mental disorder, children are at critical situations since they face several problems which may not be efficiently noticed. These individuals are called as "hidden population" subjected to the problems.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges concerning to marriage of children of parents with mental illness in Iran.

Methods: This study was conducted using the grounded theory. In this research, semi structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants, selected based on purposeful sampling. The obtained data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's approach to grounded theory (1988).

Results: According to the findings, people are not willing to marry these children. In addition, these children themselves consider marriage as a challenging issue, due to their fear from genetic transferability of their parents' illnesses and incidence of having problems with their spouse's families.

Conclusion: Considering the challenges opposed to the marriage of these children, allocation of necessary actions and offering educational programs to this group seem necessary.

P297- A survey on Relationship between Marital Satisfaction and Parenting Styles

Haghighi M1, Yavarian L2

1 Psychiatrist, Assistant professor of Urmia university of Medical Sciences

2.corresponding author: psychologist < trainer of Urmia university of Medical Sciences

*Email: mh_m_haghighi@yahoo. com

Introduction: One of the important factors that affect children's mental - behavioral health is parenting style. Several factors influence parenting style such as culture, socioeconomic factors, and marital relationship.

There are two competing hypotheses regarding the link between marital relationships and parenting: 1) the Spillover hypotheses refer to the idea that either the positive or negative qualities of marital relationship will be mirrored in aspect of parenting; 2) the Compensatory Hypotheses refer to enhanced parenting to compensate for marital conflict.

Objective: In this study, we assessed the relationship between marital satisfaction and parenting styles.

Methods: In this correlational study, marital satisfaction and parenting styles questionnaires were filled by 90 mothers of children in Tehran Kindergartens.

Data were analyzed through Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results: The findings revealed significant reverse relation between authoritarian style and marital satisfaction (p< 0.09)

There was no significant relation between authoritative style and marital satisfaction.

Conclusion: The Results were concurrent with Spillover and Compensatory Hypotheses which showed a relation between marital satisfaction and parenting styles (spillover) in one hand, and mothers' low marital satisfaction leading to positive parenting styles (compensatory) in the other hand.

P298- The Role of Family Functions, Parenting Styles, Parent-Child Relation, and Parents' Mental Health Status in Behavioral Disorders of 8-12 year old Prep children in Qom

Nader Monirpoor1, Seyed Mojtaba Lajevardi2, Zahra Sadat Dibaji3' Helen Khoosfi4

1. Corresponding author: Health psychologist, PhD, Assistant Professor of Department of clinical psychology, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran

2.Graduated in clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.

3. Graduated in clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran

4. Clinical psychologist, M.S,Counseling center of Shahed university, Tehran, Iran.

Email: Monirpoor1357@gmail. com

Introduction: Behavioral disorders have destructive effects on children's psychosocial and educational functions. Objective: This study focused on the role of parents' related factors which predict children's behavioral disorders.

Methods: One hundred eighty prep students in Qom were selected by cluster sampling method, and their parents completed the following questionnaires: Child Behaviors Check List (parent form), Arnold Parenting Styles Scale, Family Assessment Dysfunctions, Parent- Child Relations Scale, and Parent Depress Anxiety Stress Scale. Data were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis.

Results: Results of this study revealed that parents' anxiety and family problem solving predicted 18.4% variance of internalized behavioral disorders of the subjects in two valid models. Also, 50.9% variance of externalized behavioral disorders of the subjects was predicted by parents' stress, tongue voluble parenting style, and family negative emotions expression in three valid models.

Conclusion: Considering the effective role of parents' mental health status, family functions and parenting styles in predicting behavioral disorders of 8-12 year old prep children in Qom, it is suggested that promoting optimal parenting style, effective family problem solving strategies, and parents' mental health be the central concern of psychologists and school authorities in providing training programs for parents.

P299- The Effect of Communication Skills Training of Mothers in Increasing Cooperation between Parents and Children at Home

Marvam Soltani1 ,yalda mokhtarv1

M.! in Educational sciences, Faculty member PavamnoorUnivresity of Bardaskan-

Email: soltani _m83(cfyahoo. com

This research aims to help parents through communication skills training to increase cooperation between their children and also to investigate the role of training in increasing cooperation between parents and children at home. The applied method is semi - experimental. The studied population of this research included 80 parents in the city of Mashhad. Of them20 mothers were selected for experimental group and 20 mothers for control group using cluster sampling. The research hypothesis was that training of communication skills to mothers will increase cooperation between parents and their children. The research tool was the Report of Parents about Children Cooperation at Home Questionnaire which was given to 80 mothers of pre-school and preliminary school children. Then, 40 mothers were selected based on the low rate of cooperation with their children and divided in to two groups of experimental and control. Experimental group participated in twenty 80-minute training sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. Both groups were assessed in the post test after two months.

The collected data were analyzed via descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (t-test of independent groups) statistics. The results showed that providing training communication skills to mothers will increase the rate of cooperation between parents and children at home.

P300- The Relationship between Parents' Personality Traits and Adolescents' Adjustment

AkramNoroozi1

CorrespondingAuthor:Master degree of psychology from Si stau &Ba loche stan university in Iran

*Email: norooziakram&ymail. com

Introduction: Adaptability is the ability to interact with others in a particular social area in a way that is acceptable according to the norms of society. Undoubtedly, there are many variables in the fieldofhumanitiesthatcanaffectpeople'sadjustment.Pers onalitytraits of parents are has a strong influence on adolescents' mental health and adjustment and can influence their adaptation in different areas.

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between parental personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) and adolescents' adjustment rate(affective, social and educational).

Methods: In this descriptive study, 149 high school students (59 male and 90 female) of Qaemshahr were chosen based on random multi-stage sampling. Neo Personality Questionnaires (Neo-FFI) and Adjustment for High School Students(AISS) were used to gather data. Κ squared test was used to analyze data.

Results: The results revealed that from the five personality traits only the conscientiousness of parents had a relationship with the students' affective adjustment. Also, parents' openness had a relationship with adolescents' social adjustment. Further, from the five personality factors, parents' extraversion openness and conscientiousness were associated with adolescents' educational compatibility.

Conclusion: Adjustment is the ability to create mutual interaction with other people in specific social fields. Since parents' personality traits are one of the effective factors in adolescents' adjustment, it is recommended to design special programs for educating families to promote healthy personality among the adolescents.

P301- The Relationship between Fathers' Mental Disorder and Their Sons' Mental Disorder

Beheshteh Moeini1

l.M.A Family Counselor, Islamic Azad University, RoudehenBranch.

*Email: beheshtehmoeini&yahoo. com

Introduction: One of the apparent humans' characteristics is interaction and communication. Bell (1979) believes that mother creates the first basis for personification and thought - creation of the child about himself and Iiis mental structure as well as mental health while Wellman (2003) points out the effect of father - child relationship on child's mental health or disorder. This is due to the fact that father's interaction and reaction may effect child's self - image to a great extent, many of mental - behavioral disorders show the child reaction to Iiis father perception.

Objective: Studying the relationship between father's mental disorders and their sons' mental disorders among public high schools in district 2 of Tehran.

Methods: This was a descriptive- correlational study, and the samples were 344 participants including 172 fathers and 172 sons selected by exact sampling method.

Result: There was a meaningful relationship between mental disorders of depression, psychosis, phobia, anxiety, and interpersonal sensitivity disorder of fathers and their sons' depression. The relationship between interpersonal sensitivity of fathers and their sons' depression was negative, and it was positive for other items. There was a meaningful positive relationship between fathers' depression and their sons' aggression. Also, there was a positive relationship between the there Is a positive relationship between the fathers' obsession and psychos disorders and their obsession a positive relationship is seen between the psychosis .anxiety , interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia of fathers and interpersonal sensitivity of sons . There was a meaningful relationship between fathers' physical complaints and anxiety and their son's physical complaints in a way that a negative relationship existed between fathers' anxiety and sons'physical complaints. A meaningful relationship was observed between paranoia, psychosis, anxiety and physical complaints of fathers and the psychosis disorder of theirsons. The relationship between fathers 'complaints and sons' psychosis was of negative nature. However, no meaningful relationship was found between the nine mentioned disorders of fathers' and their sons' phobia and paranoia.

Conclusion: Family members as a group lias complex interactions with one another and an incompatible behavior may either be formed from in correct and unhealthy relation between child and one of Iiis parents or the general enviromnent of the family.

P302- The Effect of Integrated Group Training and Couple Therapy on Sexual Self-Concept and Stress of Parents-Child before Pregnancy Till lactation

Zeinab Taheri1 ,Ramezan Hasanzadeh' .Fatemeh Ghanbarpour3,Masoumeh taheri4.

1.Corresponding Author: Master of psychology, Lecturer at Mazandaran Institute of Technology, Babol, Iran.

2. PhD in Clinical Psychology, Associate professor, Department of psychology, Azad Islamic University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran

3. Master of Statistics, Lecturer at Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran.

4. Master of Theology, Lecturer at Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran

*Email:psychobs. taheri&gmail. com

Introduction: Parents embark on new experiences with varying backgrounds, character types, and marital family records along with previous relational breakdowns. These experiences will influence routine behavioral patterns, conceptions, quality of encountering problems, and type of emotional orientations in marital interactional patterns, and this process continues up to the child's emotional or behavioral disorders. Delays in identifying problems in children impacts child development and bring about unsolvable problems in the process of rehabilitation or treatment. (Mac Kelly, Fanning and Palch, 2006; Stura cited in Dadsetan, 1387).

Objectives: This longitudinal study was carried out during 2 years and aimed to study the impact of group training and combined couples therapy on sexual self- concept of partners before pregnancy, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as the impact of such a treatment on parents- children stress during lactation.

Methods: This research, studied 150 women referring to some counseling and Gynecology offices before pregnancy during 2009-2010. Twenty four couples were randomly selected in two groups (experimental and control) with a pre-/ post-test design. The experimental group was trained during 3, 9, 4 sessions, and 2, 3, 3 couples' therapy sessions respectively before pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation (9 months). Sexual Self-concept Questionnaire (Snell and Fisher) was used in all three stages, and Parents- Children Stress Questionnaire was used only at the end of nine months of baby.

Results: According to the statistical results (based on independent t-test), sexual self-concept of couples being training increased while the parents- children stress decreased.

Conclusion: Based on this study we can conclude that the most important factors in preventing and solving future crises of children can be attributed to timely training before pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation. This way, one can promote mental health of families and provide a safe enviromnent for physical- mental development.

P303- Efficacy of Training Program for Mothers in Reducing Children's Feeding Problems

Mazaheri. AI1, Tahmasian. K1 , Sadeghi. M1

1. Corresponding Author: Faculty of psychology and educationShahidBeheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

Objective: The current study sought to investigate the efficacy of training programs for parents in treating children's feeding problems.

Methods: This was a semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, follow-up and a control group. Thirty four mothers whose children had feeding problems were selected and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Then the experimental group received six sessions of training program. Mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed by Feeding Problems Questionnaire in three time intervals: pre-test (before intervention), post-test (after finishing training sessions) and the first and second follow-up stages (22 days and 5 months after finishing training sessions, respectively).

Results & Conclusion: Findings of repeated measure analysis indicated that training programs for parents significantly reduced the feeding problems of children. This finding confirmed that parent-child components are important in feeding problems of children.

P304- A comparative Study of Family Functioning in Families of Children with Learning disabilities and Families with Normal Children

Mehdi zamani1, Mohammad ahmadi1, Yusef jamalpur1, jalilb abapo urkheiroddin "

1. Master of psychology, Dep. Of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

2. Associate professor of Tabriz University

*Email: mehdi.zamani44(a)yahoo.com

Objective: Family functioning is influenced by diseases and threatening conditions of the healthy situations. Parents of disabled children, especially mothers, tolerate physical, spiritual and psychological stress. This study was aimed to determine family functioning of children with learning disabilities and normal children to find out the effect of children's disability on family functioning.

Materials and Methods: The method of this research was expost-facto design. Population of this study included families of students with learning disability, studying in learning disability centers of Tabriz during 2011-2012 academic years, using cluster- random sampling. One hundred families including 50 families of children

With learning disabilities, and 50 families of normal children who were living in Tabriz filled up the Family Assessment Device (FAD). T-test was used for data analysis.

Results: There were significant differences in domains of family functioning between families of healthy children with families of children with learning disabilities. In dimensions of family assessment device (p<0.01), the group of learning disabilities did have a low performance.

Conclusion: Families of students with learning disabilities were low then other group. Therefore, families of children with learning disabilities should focus more on family relationships.

P305- Relation of Parenting Methodsand Parent's Social Phobia with Adolescents' Social Phobia Disorders

Masoume Hatanmezhad1 , MA, Zahra ostadian khani1, Ali AsgharAsgharnezhad Faricf

1. Corresponding Author: M.! clinical psychologist, Islamic Azad University, Tehran science and research method.

2.Assistant professor of group psychology, Tehran University of medical science.

Present research intends to consider parenting methods of parents with 14-17 year old adolescents with social phobias in Ahvaz. The statistical sample consisted of 383 adolescents (196 female and 187 male) who were selected using multi-process randomized sampling method. The study instruments were Bamrind Parenting Questionnaire and Social Phobia Inquire (SPIN). This was a correlational study. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multi-variable regression statistical methods. The results of the analysis demonstrated no significant relation between parenting methods of parents (despotic, ignoring, and authoritative) and adolescents' social phobia. Further, significant relation was observed between parent's social phobia and adolescents' social phobia.

P306- The Effect of Integrated Group Training and Couple Therapy on Sexual Self-Concept and Stress of Parents-Child before Pregnancy Till lactation

Zeinab Taheri1 ,Ramezan Hasanzadeh' ,Fatemeh Ghanbarpo urs,Maso um eh taheri4.

1.Corresponding Author: Master of psychology, Lecturer at Mazandaran Institute of Technology, Babol, Iran.

2. PhD in Clinical Psychology, Associate professor, Department of psychology, Azad Islamic University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran

3. Master of Statistics, Lecturer at Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran.

4. Master of neology, Lecturer at Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran

*Email:psychobs. taheri®gm ail. com

Introduction: Parents embark on new experiences with varying backgrounds, character types, and marital family records along with previous relational breakdowns. These experiences will influence routine behavioral patterns, conceptions, quality of encountering problems, and type of emotional orientations in marital interactional patterns, and this process continues up to the child's emotional or behavioral disorders. Delays in identifying problems in children impacts child development and bring about unsolvable problems in the process of rehabilitation or treatment. (Mac Kelly, Fanning and Palch, 2006; Stura cited in Dadsetan 1387).

Objectives: This longitudinal study was carried out during 2 years and aimed to study the impact of group training and combined couples therapy on sexual self- concept of partners before pregnancy, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as the impact of such a treatment on parents- children stress during lactation.

Methods: This research, studied 150 women referring to some counseling and Gynecology offices before pregnancy during 2009-2010. Twenty four couples were randomly selected in two groups (experimental and control) with a pre-/ post-test design. The experimental group was trained during 3, 9, 4 sessions, and 2, 3, 3 couples' therapy sessions respectively before pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation (9 months). Sexual Self-concept Questionnaire (Snell and Fisher) was used in all three stages, and Parents- Children Stress Questionnaire was used only at the end of nine months of baby.

Results: According to the statistical results (based on independent t-test), sexual self-concept of couples being training increased while the parents- children stress decreased.

Conclusion: Based on this study we can conclude that the most important factors in preventing and solving future crises of children can be attributed to timely training before pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation. This way, one can promote mental health of families and provide a safe enviromnent for physical- mental development.

P307- Comparison of Families' Affective Atmosphere and Perception of Parents of Adolescents Suffering from Depression and Anxiety with Parents of Healthy Adolescents

Mahnaz Babaei1 ,ZaynabYounesi

1.Corresponding author : Assistant Professor, DepartmentofHumanitiesSciences University of Golestan ,Gorgan ,Iran.

*Email:Dr. mbabaei2(aigmail. com

Introduction: The role of family as the first institution where personality characteristics are formed is undeniable in adolescence period. Undoubtedly, the affective atmosphere of family and interactive practices of parents with children play a significant role in the psychological health of adolescents and decrease of likely stress.

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the affective atmosphere and parents' conception of adolescents who suffer from depression and anxiety with parents of healthy adolescents.

Methods: This was a causal- comparative study, in which participants were selected using convenience sampling methods. The affective atmosphere of families and the perception of parents of 90 adolescents(30 in each group) were measured, using Parents' Perceptions Questionnaire, and Family Affective Atmosphere questionnaire. Adolescents with depression were identified using Beck Questionnaire, and those with anxiety were identified using Ashpilberger Test and diagnostic view of a psychiatrist. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance ANOVA.

Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between the affective atmosphere of family and the perception of practices of parents about adolescents suffering from depression and anxiety and those without depression and anxiety.

Conclusion: Identification of affective atmosphere of family and perceptions of parents could play a significant role in identifying adolescents' disorders.

P308- Effect of Group Family Therapy based On Acquiring Sexual Identity in Increasing Emotional Intelligence and Reducing Anxiety of Adolescent

Ramezan Hasanzadeh1 ,ZeinabTaheri', Ghorb an A ii Haj i tab ars,MohammadRezaA b dollahzadeh Delavari4,FatemehGhanbarpour5.

i.Corresponding Author: PhD in Clinical Psychology, Associate professor, Department of Psychology, Azad Islamic University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran

2. Master of psychology, Lecturer at Mazandaran Institute of Technology, Babol, Iran.

3. Master ofSociology,Teacher of ShahidBeheshti School, Babol, Iran.

4. Student, ShahidBeheshti School, Babol, Iran.

5. Master of Statistics, Lecturer at Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran.

*Email: rhassanzadehd&yahoo. com

Introduction: Initial incompatible schémas, deep and strong beliefs of an individual regarding self and the world are formed in childhood and adolescence and find their way to adulthood, which are to a great extend inefficient. During this century in which psychological pressures have loomed over the life of people, the most effective component of successful coping is responsiveness to emotions, which is affected by the individual's emotional intelligence. Individuals with higher emotional intelligence can control their temperaments with a proper understanding and through assessing emotions (Yang and Classo, 2003, Siarochi, Dian & Anderson, 2002).

Objectives: The present research was carried out with the aim of examining the effectiveness of adolescents' sexual identity education along with parents in increasing emotional intelligence and reducing anxiety of adolescents. One of the most important problems of adolescents is how to achieve their sexual identity.

Methods: The research method was experimental and its design was pre-test/post-test with control group. Among 300 adolescents, 20 adolescents were randomly selected and placed into two groups of experiment and control. Barad'sEmotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Spielberg's Anxiety Questionnaire were used. Then all the experimental adolescents along with their families were interviewed. Six group training sessions were provided for families as well as the adolescents, and the questionnaires were presented again. The training team included a psychologist, a sociologist, and a trained adolescent for facilitating discussions.

Results: Based on statistical results, group training of families and adolescents led to an increase (46/8%) of emotional intelligence, and a decrease (63/3%) of anxiety in adolescents.

Conclusion: Since family therapy with this approach had not been donein our country, this project can be used as an applicable and a practical initiative with the aim of preliminary prevention and solving sexual- physical and psychological problems of adolescents. The result of this project may be utilized in other researches to solve adolescents' problems.

P309- A Comparison of Attitudes of Parents with and without Partially Sighted Children toward the Efficacy of Educational Integrated Programs

Ahmad Beh-Pajooh1 , Mojtaba Zamani 1 , Mojtaba Habibi'

1.Developmetal Psychologist, Assistant Professor, University of Medical Sciences & Health Ser\>ices, Psychiatry Institute, Mental Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran

2. Corresponding author : Health Psychologist, Assistant Professor, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran

*Email: mo_habibi(®,sbu.ac.ir (Mojtaba Habibi)

Objective: The present study compared the attitudes of parents with sighted children and parents with partially sighted children toward the efficacy of educational integrated programs in elementary schools in Tehran Iran.

Methods: The research design was ex post facto and 240 parents (120 mothers and 120 fathers) participated in this study. Parents' attitudes toward the efficacy of educational integrated programs were assessed by a researcher made questionnaire with the reliability of 0.94 based on Cronbach alpha.

Results: The data analysis through t-test and analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the attitudes of parents who had sighted children and parents with partially sighted children toward efficacy of educational integrated programs. Also, there was a significant difference between attitudes of the students' fathers with and without partially sighted and attitudes of the students' mothers with and without partially sighted toward efficacy of educational integrated programs.

Conclusion: In order to make educational integrated programs more effective and successful, it is imperative to prepare both parents of sighted and partially sighted children for integrating their children into regular schools.

P309- Comparison of Parents Stress Management and child behavior Problem in children with and without diurnal voiding dysfunction

SalehiBahman, YousefiParsa, Ali mosa\>inejhad

*Email: basalehi&yahoo. com

Objective: We conducted this study to compare parents' and children's behavior problem in pediatric patients suffering from diurnal voiding dysfunction referring to Amir Kabir Hospital in Arak.

Method: To perform this case-control study, we recruitedlló children with diurnal voiding dysfunction and compared them with 116 non -affected children aged 5 to 16. The Child Behavior Checklist was used (CBCL4/18) to assess the children's behavior; and General Assessment Function (GAF) was used to evaluate their parents' behavior. Both questionnaires were completed by parents. Data were analyzed using qualitative variables and clii- square formula.

Results: Among the 116 patients with voiding dysfunction, 10 cases (8/6%) showed behavioral problem while this figure was 3 cases (2/6%) in the control group, denoting a significant difference (p= 0.04). Moreover, 20 children (17/2%) in the case group and 9 children (7/8%) in the control group had internalizing problem (p=0.02). Also,22 children (19%) had voiding dysfunction and 8 children (6/9%) in the healthy group had externalizing problem which also denoted a significant difference (p=0.01).

The parents' average stress and behavior scores in case and control groups were 3.65 and 3.76, respectively.

Conclusion: The higher prevalence of behavioral problem in children suffering from diurnal voiding dysfunction and their parents' functional impairment highlight the importance of providing intervention for parents for early treatment and subsequently prevention of future behavioral problem in the children's sibling.

P310- Determining the Role of Mother s Parenting Styles in Externalizing and Internalizing Children and Normal Children

Solgi,R.,MA.', Roshan,R ,PH.D', Yaghobi,H.,Ph.DI, Ghcmbarlo,H.,M· A'

1. Department of Clinical Psychology Shahed University

2. Department of Clinical Psychology .Olomtahghighat University

*Email: solgi_r25(a)yahoo. com

Objective: In attention to the role of relationship between child and mother in child development, current research aims to compare the parenting styles of mothers with externalizing and internalizing children and normal children.

Methodology and measures: In order to conduct this research, goal-based sampling was used to select the clinical sample. For this, 210 children (70 children with externalizing disorder, 70 with internalizing disorder and 70 normal children) were selected based on a psychiatrist diagnosis and the scores of CBCL and TRF tests. Then Parenting Styles Questionnaire was sent to all mothers and they were asked to complete them.

Results: showed that mothers with internalizing children applied authoritarian parenting styles, while mothers with externalizing children used permissive parenting styles, and mothers with normal children mainly used authoritative and to some extent authoritarian parenting styles.

Discussion and conclusion: Given the obtained results, to prevent childhood disorders, appropriate training programs should be designed and offered to mothers.

P311- The Effectiveness of Parents Training skills & increase level of technique on parenting styles and the change of their attitude toward upbringing of a child

HESAM (MOHAMAD HASSANFIROOZI1, NEDA NO Ο H I2

1.Medical doctor, Shiraz university, Iran

2.MSc educational psychology, universitvAzad Tehran, Iran

Email: Hesam.firoozi&yahoo. com

The world around us is ever changing and transforming, and to be compatible with these changes, learning and educating are most important tools. Our society today is being challenged by several obstacles, many of which could be tracked down in upbringing of a child. Since our ancestors lacked today's knowledge, they had adopted methods of upbringing that would have caused many damages to children if used in today's enviromnent. Therefore, training parents seems essential as inappropriate childhood and faulty relationships between parents and children could cause many traumas. The objective of this article was to promote effective teaching techniques, to increase parents' skills on parenting styles, and to change their attitude toward upbringing of their children. Three hundred fathers and mothers with children aged 3 to 6 were selected by multistage cluster sampling from kindergartens of Tehran. This research used pre-test and post-test. The parents received ten 120-minute sessions of training once a month. The tools of this research were Schaffer's Questionnaire on Upbringing Methods, and a researcher made questionnaire on parents' attitude change whose validity has been authorized. The tables showed that in pre-test and post- test for parenting methods and attitude change in average, there was a 5% meaningful difference in each case in separate. Also.the results of t-test revealed that the difference of the test scores of the subjects in the post-test was higher compared with the pre-test.

With respect to parenting style and attitude change, the calculated f at the level of 0/001 was still meaningful. Thus, teaching techniques and increasing parents' knowledge (Parental rules 1 and 2, discipline learning, gender, emotions, games and toys, concepts in children's mind, reading, creativity) effect parenting styles and result in change of their attitude toward upbringing of their children.

This research can be useful in preventive plans.

P312- The Relationship between Parenting Styles and Social Emotional Learning in Elementary Students

Elham Aghaie1 ,Mehrdad Kalantari', Somaye Jamali3 Mahdi Poorkord1

1.Corresponding Author: M.! in clinical Psychology.Payamnur University of Dezful.DezfiI.Iran.

2. Phd. in psychology, University of Isfahan,Psychology Department

3. AM in psychology.Payamnur University of Shahrbabak.Shahrbaba. Iran.

4. KIA in Psychology, University of MohagheghArdebili, Ardebiljran'

*Elhamaghaei87(a>yahoo. com

Introduction: Emotions have an important effect on behavior, and social emotional learning is used to control emotions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and social emotional learning in elementary Fifth-grade students.

Method: One hundred thirty elementary students were selected by cluster sampling in Ahvaz.The research tools were Social Emotional Learning Scale(SELS), and Baumrind Parenting Style Questionnaire.

Result: The results showed a significant relationship between authoritative parenting style and peer relationships (PR), and self-regulation (SR)(P<0/01). Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups of boys and girls in component of task articulation (TA) and self-regulation (SR) (P<0/01).

Conclusion: Authoritative parenting styles are effective in social emotional learning.

P313- The Relationship between Spiritual Health of Parents and Mental Health of Children

Par\'inAhmadi

*Email: par\'in. ahmadi331 (algmail. com

The present research was conducted to study the relationship between spiritual health of parents and mental health of their children. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 369 adolescents were selected, including 51 girls (a mean age of 16.5 and standard deviation of 0.79) and 72 boys (a mean age of 16.51 and standard deviation of 0.76) from junior high school students (0.55% of the girls and 0.68% of the boys) and senior students (0.45% of the girls and 0.32% of the boys) of 8 high schools in district 6 of Mashhad, and their 246 parents.

The subjects completed "Spiritual Health (beliefs and practices)", "Religious Orientation (with emphasis on Islam)" and General Health Questioners (GHQ). Correlation coefficient, regression and variance analysis were used for data analysis. The results showed that in the whole sample there was a significant direct correlation between spiritual health of the parents and mental health of the children. The significance of the correlation, however, was noticed for the boys only. The results also proved that spiritual health and religious orientation of parents do not predict mental health of their children and the level of education of parents does not mediate the relationship between parents' spiritual health and children's mental health. Mental health of parents, however, mediates the relationship between spiritual health of parents and mental health of their children.

P314- Effectiveness of Group Training Positive Parenting Program (Triple- P) on Parent- Child Relationship in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders

Abedi-shapourabadi1 , Pourmohamadrezatajrishi1, Mohamadkhani1

1.Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Email: parmohamir&yahoo. com

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group training positive parenting program (Triple- P) on parent-child relationship in ADHD children aged 4-10.

Method: In this pre-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and single group, 25 mothers of ADHD children were selected from Akhavan and Rofeide Centers through available sampling. They received 8 sessions of positive parenting program. Mothers completed Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Pianta, 1994) before and after participating the training sessions. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test, Bonfferoni test and one-way analysis of variance with repeated-measurement design.

Results: Findings showed that group training positive parenting program caused a significant (pO.OOl) reduction in conflict (t= 14.543). dependency (t=3.991) of ADHD children, and increased closeness (t=10.768) and improved mother-child relationship (t=10.043).

Conclusion: In sum, it was concluded that group training positive parenting program improved parent- child relations and could be used by therapists to help ADHD children and their families.

P315- Prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Syndrome and its Association with Type A Personality Behaviors in Adolescents

Usha Barahmand1,Roqaiveh Hozoort

1. Associate professor, University of MohagheghArdabili, Ardabil, Iran

2. MA., Director, Aramesh Counseling Center, Ardabil, Iran

Objective: The purpose of this present study was to determine the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome and its association with personality type A and ? behaviors in junior high school girls. Method: Using a random cluster sampling procedure, 350 junior high school girls were selected and after obtaining informed consent from them, a Premenstrual Dysphoric Syndrome Scale and a Personality Type A and ? Behavior Scale were administered. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Chi square analysis. Results: Findings indicate that premenstrual dysphoric syndrome was prevalent in 18.3% of the sample. Premenstrual dysphoric symptoms correlated positively with Type A personality behaviors (r= .41, p<01). Furthermore, girls reporting premenstrual dysphoric syndrome also tended to report more Type A personality behaviors than their counterparts without these syndrome (χ2 = 37.19, ρ < .01). Conclusion: It can be inferred that the neuroticism trait may act as a diathesis predisposing adolescent girls to both the premenstrual dysphoric syndrome as well as Type A personality.

P316- Effectiveness of Child-Parent Relationship Therapy in Oppositional Defiant Problems of Primary-Level Students

Behnoodbehmanesh1, saeeddabbagh1

1. General psychology student/Islamic Azad university/ Rodhen branch

Introduction: Child-Parent-Relationship (C-P-R) Training is a special 10-session parent training program to help strengthen the relationship between a parent and a child using 30-minute playtime once a week.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of child-parent relationship therapy in oppositional defiant problems of primary- level students.

Method: The statistical population consisted of all primary-level students in Roudehen. The study sample included 14 parents (14 boys) 7year old were selectet through random sampling. For data collection. Achenbach, Child Behavior Checklist was used.

Results: The results of the study demonstrated that child-parent relationship therapy effected oppositional defiant problems.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that parental skills training and improving parents-child relationship can decrease behavior problems in children.

P317- The Relationship between Parenting Styles, Social Self-Efficacy and Problem Solving with Life Satisfaction in Adolescents

Robabeh Noury1, _Seyyedeh Samira Mousavi'-, Shima Khorram3

1. Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology and ? ducation, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran,Iran.

2. Corresponding author: Μ .A. in Clinical Psychology, Teacher of Psychology, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fars, Iran.

3. MA. Student of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Fars, Iran.

*Email: Moosavi.samira. 66(a\gmail .com

Introduction: Recently, attention is being paid to subjective well-being as a positive outcome of adolescents' life.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles, social self- efficacy and problem solving with life satisfaction in adolescents.

Methods: The sample included 150 high school students (70 girls and 80 boys) in Sliiraz who were selected through cluster multistage sampling. The instruments were Multidimensional Students Life Satisfaction Scale(MSLSS), Problem Solving Inventory(PSI), Parenting Styles Questionnaire, and Adolescent Social Self-Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and step by step regression analysis.

Results: The results revealed positive and significant associations between life satisfaction and these constructs. Also, these variables predict life satisfaction well.

Conclusion: Since these variables effect life satisfaction, they deserve consideration in improving subjective well-being in adolescents.

P318- Relationship between demographic variables and parents' parenting styles In children's self- discipline

Azam haji rostam, Sholeamiri, Hossienmolavi

*Email: hajirostam_azam@yahoo. com

Introduction: Self-discipline is one of the basic components of acquiring responsiveness of behavior, because it leads to formation of resilience in the individual.

The individual's social interactions are very different and diversified, but the interaction between parent- children is more important. Baumrind indicated three different parenting styles: authoritative style, permissive style, authoritarian style. Baumrind's studies indicated that parents' parenting styles influence formulation of their children's behavioral and personality traits. With respect to past studies, it is expected to find a relationship between parents' parenting styles with children's self-discipline. Objectives: Predicting children's self-discipline based on their demographic variables and parents' parenting styles.

Material an Method: This study was a descriptive- research and its method was correlation. The subjects were selected with random sampling and 196 students who studied in the fifth grade of primary school were selected.

Tools: Baumrind's parenting Styles Questionnaire with 30 items, Self-Discipline Questionnaire with 50 items, and Demographic Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data was analyzed by stepwise regression and Pearson correlation.

Results: Authoritative parenting style has a significant correlation with children's self-discipline (P=0.012), mothers educational level (P=0.04), and number of family members (P=0.0001). This means that there is a significant relationship between authoritative parenting style and children's self-discipline, mothers educational level, and number of family members. The results of stepwise method indicated that authoritative parenting style is significantly correlated with self- discipline (P=0.012), and also this parenting style with correlation coefficient of 0.179 could predict 0.032 of children's self-discipline.

Conclusion

The final results of this study indicated that authoritative parenting style leads to reduction of children's self-discipline. This finding supports the past researches that found parenting styles influence the formulation of children's behavioral and personality traits. It seems that parents who use authoritative parenting style failed to teach self-discipline, which includes responsiveness, problem solving skills, autonomy, and self-confidence, to their children.

P319- Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy on Parental Self-Efficacy of Mothers of Children with High-Functioning Autism

Atena Mohajeri1, Hamid Reza Pouretemad2 , Omid Shokri3, Katayon Khoshabi4

1. Child & adolescent clinical psychology, Master of Science, Department of Psychology, ShahidBeheshti University, Islamic Republic of Iran

2. Corresponding author: Clinical neuropsychology, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, ShahidBeheshti University and Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Islamic Republic of Iran

3. Educational psychology, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, ShahidBeheshti University, Islamic Republic of Iran

4. Child & adolescent clinical psychiatry, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences and Center for Treatment of Autistic Disorders (CTAD), Islamic Republic of Iran

*Email: pouretemad@iricss. org

Introduction: Parental self-efficacy (PSE) isan important factor for parents' well-being that can be influenced by dysfunctional parenting strategies. The efficacy of Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) to deal with dysfunctional parenting and in turn, to enhance parental self-efficacy appears to be a valuable issue to study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore any possible effect of PCIT on parental self-efficacy of mothers of children with high functioning autism.

Methods: This study followed an ?-B single-subject experimental design. The PCIT was applied on five pairs of mothers (mean age = 31/4 years) and children (4 boys, mean age = 51 months) for 17 weeks. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) was assessed by the Early Intervention Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale (EIPSES) five times: baseline assessment at two weeks before intervention; one assessment between the two stages of intervention; post-interventional assessment; and two follow-up assessments at one month and three months after termination of the intervention. In order to quantify the severity of autistic symptoms and behavior problems of the children, their mothers were asked to fill out the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist and Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory just prior to the study. Mothers' satisfaction about the treatment was also assessed using the Therapy Attitude Inventory at the end of the study.

Results: Both visual analysis as well as measurement of effect sizes indicated that parental self-efficacy was improved low to moderate (0.49 to 50%) on four mothers, but it was reduced in one of them. However, mothers were highly satisfied (80 to 88%) with the treatment.

Conclusion: Based on the study findings, PCIT has a wide effect size on parental self-efficacy of mothers of children with high functioning autism. The elevated level of mothers' satisfaction could not simply be explained by minor changes in self-efficacy. There are certainly other relevant variables manipulated by PCIT that have to be identified in future studies.

P320- The Effectiveness of Eyberg Parent Education Program on Mental Health of Mothers of Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

HoseinJanzadeh ?1, Kosanj N1, Ekhlaghi A1, Ahmadi R1

1. Department of Psychology Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran

Introduction: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effectiveness of Eyberg Parent Education Program on mental health of mothers of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).

Materials and Methods: This was a quasi- experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group. The study population was mothers of 7-9 year old boys with ODD. Thirty mothers of children with oppositional defiant Disorder Rating Scale (ODDRS)and clinical interviews with oppositional defiant Disorder(ODD) were selected. General health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was completed by mothers. Thirty mothers who scored below the cutoff point in general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) were randomly selected and placed into the experimental and control groups. Experimental group received The Eyberg Parent Education Program in twelve 60-minute sessions for 4 months. Upon the completion of the training, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was administered as a post-test to both groups of mothers. The collected data were analyzed by Multivariate Covariance Analysis.

Results: The Findings show that the instruction has caused significant mental health improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group mothers. Further, a significant decrease was observed in the experimental group in subscales of physical symptoms, anxiety , depression and malfunctioning after the training.

Conclusion: The expansion of such programs can bean effective estepinim proving mental health of parents of children with behavioral problems. There fore, the program is recommended to be used for mothers of such children.

P321- The Relationship between Schemes of Parenting and Psychological Security of Adolescents in Tehran

FaizabadiZohreh1 ,PoorsalehiNavideh Marzieh2

1.Master of Arts (MA) General Psychology, Tehran University

2.Master of Arts (MA) General Psychology, ,Payamnoor University

*Email: feizabadie@yahoo. comEmail:

Psychological sense of security is the first condition for providing mental health of the child or adolescent. Children and adolescents should be educated in a safe environment. Without a sense of peace and security, all efforts and educational measures, would be unproductive and ineffective.

The present study investigated the relationship between schemes of parenting and psychological security of adolescents in Tehran. Using cluster sampling, a sampleofl50 patients(85girlsand 65boys) was selected. For data collection, the scale of the Young Parenting Schemes and Mahabad-Maslow Psychological Security test were used. For data analysis, descriptive tests and multiple regression analysis were used. The findings showed that in the girls group, the parenting scheme of pessimism about the mother and father had a negative relationship with psychological security of girls. However, the parenting scheme of recognition- seeking about the mother had a positive relationship with psychological security of girls. In the boys group, the parenting schemes of vulnerability to loss and damage, self- sacrifice, emotional inhibition about the mother had a positive relationship with psychological security of boys, while the parenting schemes of recognition- seeking, defects, pessimism and punishment about the mother had a negative relationship with psychological security of boys. Also, the parenting scheme of emotional inhibition about the father had a positive relationship with psychological security of boys, while the parenting schemes of recognition- seeking and defects had a negative relationship with psychological security of boys.

P322- Comparing Mental Health, Psychological Well-being and Happiness in Athlete and Non athlete Adolescents

Farnaz, FarshbafManei Sefat1 Sarvin, Ansar Hosien1 Corresponding Author: Psychologist, AM., University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Exercise and body movements have many advantages for somatic and psycho-social health, and it effects personal adaptation in society. Exercise can supply health and psychological well-being in adolescents.

Objective: In this study, we compared health, mental well-being and happiness in athlete and non-athlete adolescents. We surveyed the relationship between these variables with one another as well.

Methods: This was a causal- comparative and correlational study. Thirty athlete and 30 non athlete adolescents were selected. They were all matched on age, education and economic levels. Oxford Happiness and General Health Questionnaires, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used. For data analysis, independent-t test and Pearson correlation method were used.

Results: Statistical differences were observed between athletes and non-athletes in mental health components (somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression) and satisfaction with life subscales and psychological well- being questionnaires. There was a correlation between these variables' subscales.

Conclusion: Sports can be used as an effective method for improving psychological well-being, reducing depression anxiety and somatic symptoms, and in general for increasing general health and happiness.

P323- Comparing Mental Health and Quality of Life in Athlete and Non Athlete Adolescents

San'in, Ansar Hosten1,Farnaz, FarshbaßlaneiSefat1

1. Corresponding Author: Psychologist, A.M., University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Email: sar\>in ansar&yahoo. com

Introduction: Satisfactory quality of life has always been desired by human beings. Mental problems have caused reduction of Pearson's quality of life. On the other hand, multiple factors such as social relationships, occupation, sports, recreation and... affect mental health.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare mental health and quality of life in athlete and non- athlete adolescents. Mental Health Questionnaire and Wier's Quality of Life Scale (SF36) were used.

Methods: This was a causal- compare study. Twenty athlete and 20 non athlete adolescents who were matched on age, education and economic level participated in this study. Independent groups t-test was used for data analysis.

Results: The results of the data analysis demonstrated a significant difference in some of components of mental health and quality of life in athlete and non- athlete adolescents.

Conclusion: Sport practices have positive effects on mental health and its different aspects. Therefore, physical exercise may improve mental health and quality of life.

P324- Efficacy of Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy on Athletic Competence Self- Perception among Gifted Students with Learning Disorders

Lahijanian, Zahra., M.A1 ,Moghtadaie, Mansoureh., MA.', Amiri, Shole., Ph.D.3

1. Corresponding author: MA in Psychology and Training of Children with Special Needs, Department of Psychology, Education Science & Psychology Faculty, University of Isfahan, University Street, Azadi Square, Isfahan, I.R.Iran.

2. MA in Psychology and Training of Children with Special Needs, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, I.R.Iran.

3. Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, I.R.Iran.

Email: z. 1. saahar2(a)gmail. com

Introduction: Low athletic competence self- perception is common among gifted students with learning disorders because learning disorder and fear of failure prevent athletic competences.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral therapy on improving athletic competence self- perception among gifted students with learning disorders.

Methods: The design was experimental with pretest, posttest and control group. The statistical population consisted of all of the gifted students with learning disorders (girls & boys) in fourth and fifth grades (ΙΟ- Ι 2 years) of primary school in Isfahan. The samples were selected at 3 stages. At the first stage (screening), 150 students with intelligence coefficient above 120 on the Cattle intelligence test were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from 60 classes of 6 educational districts in Isfahan that had 1879 students. At the second stage. Learning Disorders Checklists, Teacher Checklist for screening the gifted students with learning disorders, diagnostic tests for learning disorders, visual and auditory evaluations and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children were used. Based on the results, 28 gifted students had learning disorders. At the third stage, 18 gifted students with learning disorders (girls & boys) were selected and placed randomly in 2 groups of experimental(n=9) and control(n=9). Then cognitive-behavioral therapy was administered to experimental group in 6 sessions (every session was 120 minutes). To evaluating athletic competence self-perception, the athletic competence subscale of Self-Perception Profile for Learning Disorder Students , designed based on Self-Perception Profile for Learning Disabled Students (SPPLD) was administered to the two groups (experimental & control) in the pretest and posttest stages.

Results: The results of Covariance analysis showed that cognitive - behavioral therapy was effective in improving athletic competence self- perception (P< 0.002) of gifted students with learning disorders.

Conclusion: Low athletic competence self- perception isrelated to perfectionism, high self-expectations, fear of not being the best and avoidance of attending in athletic activities which can improve with cognitive - behavioral therapy.

P325-Comparison of Mental Health in Adolescent A thletesandnon-athletes in Najaf Abad

Maryam Mardany1, Porshabanian1 ,Soleymani'

1 AhwazShahidChamran University

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the mental health of adolescent athletes and non- athletesincity of NajafAbad, Isfahan.

Method and Materials: Population consisted of all adolescents in NajafAbad in spring of 2012. One hundred ninety two students completed the GHQ Questionnaire by Goldburg and Hillier(1972). We used ANOVA to analyze the data.

Results: Significant differences were found between athlete and non-athlete adolescents in terms of mental health (P=0.006). This difference was significant in the subscale of physical symptoms, anxiety and depression. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of impaired social functioning. The result was shown in the below table. The average score of physical symptoms, anxiety and depression in athletes was less than the non- athletes.

Conclusion: The findings of this study are line with those of Peluso& Andrade(2005) and Noroozi, Moradi and koozechian(1389) studies. Physical activity lias beneficial effects on prevention and treatment of different diseases. Moreover, evidence indicates that this assertion is probably true for psychiatric diseases such as depressive and anxiety disorders. Also, physical practicelead to more general satisfaction with life, confidence in future health a better body image, a lesser tendency to attempt suicide, and a lower use of substance in adolescents.

P326- Analyzing the Relationship between Sport Activities and Students' Mental Health in Technical and Vocational Schools of Ahvaz

Hoda Akhlaghi1, Sh ahn az Amini' , Soheila Amini3

1. Holder of Masters Degree in the field of Sport Management, Teacher of Physical Education of Ahvaz Educational Department, Ahvaz, Iran

2. Corresponding author: Holder of Masters Degree in the field of Librarianship and Information, Instructor of Technical and Vocational School of Ahvaz (Girls branch), Ahvaz, Iran

3. Holder of Masters Degree in the field of Consultation, Instructor of Technical and Vocational School of Ahvaz (Girls branch), Ahvaz, Iran

*Email: amini 158(a\vahoo.com

Introduction: Involvement in sports and physical activities is an effective factor in the mental and physical health of the community, particularly adolescents. Therefore, essential planning by the authorities will result in improving mental and physical health of students.

Objective: The present research has investigated the role of sports in mental health of female students of technical and vocational schools in Ahvaz in the 2011- 12 academic year.

Methods: This research has been done upon a 2-group plan. A questionnaire was designed with two forms. The first form was dedicated to the standpoint of students about the sport they were interested in and then, based on their physical education teacher, 156 students were identified and divided to 2 groups of active and inactive in sports. The second form included the Goldberg's standard General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) with 28 questions. Data analysis was done through descriptive and deductive statistics using SPSS software.

Results: The results demonstrated a meaningful relationship between the sport activities of students and their mental health (p<0.05).

Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, sport activities have positive effects on the mental and physical health of students; and general health level of active students in sports was higher than inactive students who were not interested in sports. Further, active students in sports showed less level of depression. Therefore, appropriate planning may help improve physical and mental health of these students. Conducting this study is recommended in all academic levels.

P327- Comparison Self-esteem and Anxiety in Athletes and Untrained Adolescent Girls in Karaj

Narges Fathiahmadsaraei1 ,Kianosh Amini1 ,Eftekhar Hamidi1

l.Ph.D student of Psychology, Isfahan Sciences and Research branch , Islamic Azad University Isfahan , Iran

E-mail address: [email protected]

Introduction: Doing physical exercise can help female adolescents to pass adolescence years well. Also, it can have positive effects on their physical health and quality of life. Girls who work out feel less anxious, have lower depression levels, and are usually good tempered.

Objectives: This research aims to compare self- esteem and anxiety in athletes and physically inactive adolescent girls in Karaj .

Method and Materials: Statistical universe included young females (17 +-1.5year old) .Using simple cluster sampling, 100 female adolescents were divided in to two groups of control and experimental. Those in the experimental group exercised in a gym . The instruments used for data collection were Cooper Smith Inventory(CSI) and Cattle Anxiety Scale (CAS). Data were analyzed by T-test for independent sample groups.

Results: The results showed that young female athletes gaineda higher score in self- esteem and a lower score in anxiety as compared with controls.

Conclusion: The result of this research indicated that doing physical exercise frequently improves mental health increase self- esteem, and decrease anxiety in female adolescents.

P328-Effectiveness of Social Problem Solving Instruction in Social Adjustment, Academic

Performance and Symptoms of Children with ADHD

Tourai Hashemi1 , Naimeh Mashinchi Abbasi', Nilofar Abdi3

1. Corresponding author: PhDs, Associate projessor. Faculty oj Educational Science & Psychology. University oj Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

2. Ph.D Student. Cognitive Neuroscience. Faculty oj Educational Science & Psychology. University oj Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

3. MA. Psychology, Tabriz Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

* tourajhashemi&yahoo. com

Introduction: ADHD is one of the pervasive developmental disorders that causes impairment in cognitive and social functioning as well as affective capabilities of children with ADHD and results in academic and interpersonal problems.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of social problem solving instruction in social adjustment, academic performance, and symptoms of children with ADHD.

Method: The target paper was one of the single case experimental designs conducted with multiple baseline designs. Therefore, using convenience method and diagnostic interview of psychological disorders based on DSM-IV-TR, six 10-year old students with ADHD were selected. There were 2 subjects in subtypes of the disorder (ADHD-H, ADHD-I, and ADHD-C). The subjects were assessed by CSI-4 as well as CSBS-T. In addition, students' final examination scores were applied as academic performance. Data were analyzed using graphic analysis as well as subject profiles. Subjects' improvement rate were also used for statistical comparison.

Result: Findings showed that problem solving instruction had a positive effect on the improvement of ADHD symptoms, social adjustment, as well as academic performance of children with ADHD. On the other hand, it was more significant in ADHD-H than ADHD-I and ADHD-C.

Conclusion: Children with ADHD have several difficulties in their social relationships. In other words, they have a deficient social development and exhibit poor social adjustment. Besides, they have difficlty in cognitive level, which is reflected in their poor academic performance and reluctancy for studying and school affairs. Hence, problem solving instruction as one of the effective interventions, lias various effects on ADHD subtypes. Therefore, the findings of this study suggests that problem solving instruction is more effective in ADHD-H than other subtypes.

P329-Diagnostic Application of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Nastaran Ahmadi1

Corresponding author: Master in Clinical Psychology, Em am Hossein Clinic, Yazd, Iran.

Email: Ahmadi.psy&gmail. com

Introduction: WCST is a standard neuropsychological test to measure problem solving, categorizing and abstract thinking skills as well as the ability to maintain concepts, cognition flexibility, change of mode, planning, cognition process and memory which are associated with the function of frontal lobe. (Kaplan and Sadok, 1999). One of the diseases related to involving frontal lobe resulting from its executive functioning is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Objectives: This study is an attempt to apply WCST in diagnosing individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methodology: This study consists of two groups:

1. Experimental group : 30 children aged 6-9 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder( ADHD)

2. Control group: 30 normal children aged 6-9 In this study, 64-card WCST version was used, and 5 performance scales were registered: l)the number completed categories; 2) very correct answers; 3) repeated errors; 4) non-repeated answers; 5) unique errors. The T-test of the two groups was compared with regards to the 5 scales.

Results: The results indicate that ADHD group had fewer completed categories and more repeated and non-repeated errors compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed between unique answers and very correct answers among the two groups.

Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that children with ADHD performed poorer on WCST test than normal children. This was to convey that ADHD children could hardly formulize the assumptions and test, and rarely do they use feedback for correction and guiding the answers. Furthermore, these children have serious problems with organizing and guiding their answers.

P330-Evaluation of Tactile and Auditory Over- Responsively in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

RoghiehHatami1, FatemehBehnia~,Mehdi Rassafiani3 ,EbrahimPishvareh4 *, Marvam Mahmodirad5,MarjanFarzi6

1.MSc, Department of Occupational Therapy , The university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2.MSc, Department of Occupational Therapy, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, The university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3'Phd, Department of Occupational Therapy, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, The university of Social Welfare and R ehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 Corresponding Author: Phd, Department of Occupational Therapy, The university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

5 AID, Department of Psychiatry, The university of Social Welfare and R ehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

6'MSc, The university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Email: Ebipishyareh&uswr. ac. ir

Introduction: Problems experienced by children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in activity of daily living (ADL) and social interactions are very similar to observed symptoms in Sensory over-responsively (SOR). SOR is characterized by faster, longer, or more intense responses to sensory stimuli in comparison with typical sensory responsively.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine tactile and auditory responsiveness in children with ADHD.

Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and comparative research. Parents of 48 children aged 6 to 11 with ADHD and 48 normal children matched for age and gender completed the Sensory Over- Responsively Inventory. Test results were evaluated with T-test and Chi Square Test.

Results: Children with ADHD demonstrated statistically significant differences in all items of their tactile and auditory responsiveness including dressing, ADL and tactile stimulation compared with normal children (p<0/01). Furthermore, the mean scores of ADHD children in both noises and chattering and crowds in public centers showed significant differences when compared with normal children.

Conclusion: The results indicated that children with ADHD suffer from increased levels of tactile and auditory responsiveness more than normal children. Assessment of sensory over-responsively in children with ADHD and referring them to early intervention is important and can improve their social interactions and performance at home and school.

P331- Normalization Neuropsychology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Mohammad Mahdi Mirloo1 ,Somayeh Asadzadeh2 ,Mahsa Ahadian2

1. Corresponding author: MA Student in General Psychology, University of Tabrz, Iran.

2. BA Student in Clinical Psychology, Psychology Department, University of Tabriz, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD,) known as an executive dysfunction or a syndrome in the frontal lobe, is a developmental neurological disorder and is one of the most common childhood disorders. The main characteristic of ADHD is the sustained pattern of attention deficiency and hyperactivity / impulsivity that is more prevalent and severe compared to those in the same level of growth.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate the neuropsychology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Method: This article is a review of published articles regarding the neuropsychology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Results: The main cause of this disorder is still unknown, but most believe that it is a neurological psychiatric disorder and is associated with the frontal lobe, basal ganglia and cerebellum. Deficiency in the frontal lobe may be associated with some symptoms of inattention and deficiencies of self-regulation. Many suggest that poor regulatory of pre-frontal cortex in the frontal lobe is responsible for the regulation of cognitive activities that leads to self-control and purposive behavior. These cognitive activities are known as executive functions. Basal ganglia and cerebellum are also important in motion controlling. Therefore, abnormalities in these brain regions may be directly associated with some of hyperactivity signs. Some researches in the field of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have concentrated on neurotransmitters especially dopamine and nor epinephrine. Dopamine plays an important role in purposive behavior, learning and working memory, while nor epinephrine plays a critical role in maintaining awareness and attention.

Conclusion: According to evidences, neural chemical abnormalities lead to executive functioning deficiencies, especially for the tasks that require precise and rapid information processing or slow and careful information processing.

P332- Prevalence of Mood Disorders in Mothers of ADHD Children

Fatemeh Noferesti1 ,HamidrezaAghamohammadian Sharbaf

1 Corresponding author : MA of Cilinical Psychology , Department of Psychology ,Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhadjran

2 Proffessor of Psychology, Department of Psychology ,Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad ,Iran.

Email : [email protected]

Introduction: Attention deficit/Hyper activity Disorder is a common behavioral disorder in childhood . Investigations reveal that mother of children with ADHD have higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms than mothers of normal children.

Objective: The prevalence of symptom of depression and anxiety in mother of ADHD children was compared with mothers of normal children.

Method: In this research, 50 mothers of ADHD children whose diagnosis was based on interviews with a psychiatrist in the first referral to Sheikh Psychiatry Clinic of Children (children ages were between 6-12 years), and 30 mothers of normal children (control group) were studied. The selected mothers were interviewed for the basic psychiatric disorders. Then, they completed the Eshpelberger and Beck (depression and anxiety tests) forms. The questionnaire level was measured by adding the scores and protocol. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, chi-square statistical tests by SPSS 11.5 software. The P. value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: Data analysis revealed that 20% and 10% of mothers of ADHD children had mild and moderate depression. In the control group, mild and moderate depression was reported to be 6/7% and 3/3 %, respectively. The relation between depression (P. Value: 0.019) and trait anxiety (P. Value: 0.029) in mothers of ADHD children and control group was significant. However, no significant relation was found between state anxiety (P. Value: 0.805) of mothers in the two groups. There was a correlation between intensity of the trait and state anxiety and the depression intensity of mothers with ADHD children, but the relation was not significant.

Conclusion: The prevalence and intensity of depression and trait anxiety in mothers of ADHD children was more than the control group. Based on our data, if the intensity of ADHD gets worse in children, the intensity of symptoms increases in mothers.

P333-The Role of Parent- Child in Educational Outcomes in Elementary school Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Samaneh Babaei

* Corresponding author: Graguate of Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: The pediatric health and disease affects the health of the next generation. Consequently, the mental health and children adaptabilities studies would help the growth and fertility of these children during adulthood, and lack of attention to the childhood developmental condition will cause irreparable damages to the community mental health.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of child- parent in academic achievements of Elementary school children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in province of Sistan and Baluchestan.

Methods: This was a descriptive/ correlational research. Multivariate regression and SPSS 19 software were used for statistical analyses. The study population consisted of elementary school children in the academic year of 2011-2012 in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. The sample comprised of 560 students (268 female students and 292 male students) who were selected from 6 cities using a random multistage cluster. In order to analyze the parent-child role on the educational outcomes of elementary students, Conner's Hyperactivity disorder questionnaire (Teacher-Parent) and Children-parent questionnaire were used.

Results: The results of this study revealed that the first predictor (acceptance), accounted for 2.3% of the variance in the academic outcomes (F = 10.1, df = 1, 391, Ρ < 0.01). The combination of the 2 predictors (acceptance& support) accounted for 2% of the variance in the educational outcomes (F = 8.05, df = 1, 339, Ρ < 0.01). The combination of the 3 predictors (acceptance& support& simplify) accounted for 2.4% of the variance in the educational outcomes (F = 8.48, df = 1, 263, Ρ < 0.01). Extremity: he combination of the 4 predictors (acceptance &support& simpliiy& ejection) accounted for 2.5% of the variance in the educational outcomes (F = 7.66, df = 1, 298, Ρ < 0.01). Results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) which was calculated from the 4-steps model showed that the F-value is significant.

Conclusions: There were significant differences between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioral patterns of parents with children.

P334- The Functional Emotional Development of Children with ADHD Symptoms and Normal children

SeyedAmir Amin Yazdi1, Hossein Kareshki2, SeyedJavadKarimiyan Nari3

1. DevelopmentPsychology Ph.D, Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University, Mashad, Iran.

2. Educational psychology Ph.D, Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University, Mashad, Iran.

3. Educational psychology McMaster, Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University, Mashad, Iran. Corresponding author: Ali Rajaee, Educational psychology McMaster.

Email: all. rajaee66@yahoo. com

Introduction: Attention Deficit Disorder Hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder is relatively one of the most common causes of academic failure in students.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the functional emotional development of children with ADHD symptoms with that of normal children.

Methods: This was a descriptive causal-comparative study. In this study, it was hypothesized that children with ADHD symptoms have more deficits in functional emotional development compared to normal children. The study population included all children in thenursery of Chenaran. The sample included 456 children who were selected by cluster sampling. Research tools were Conner's and Functional Emotional Development of Greenspan Questionnaires.

Results: The results showed that children with ADHD symptoms have more delays in the functional emotional of development compared to normal children. It is necessary, therefore, that the problems of children with attention deficit - hyperactivity and attention be considered beyond their hyperactivity, attention and impulsivity challenges.

Conclusion: It is important to have a comprehensive and developmental view in psychological interventions to take the emotional development of ADHD children into account. The research also showed that the prevalence of ADHD is 12.7% among preschoolers of Chenaran.

P335-Effectiveness of Cognitive - behavioral Therapy in Reducing Symptoms in Children with ADHD

Sabah Rahmanzade ', Seid Fateh Moradi 2, Kameran YazdanBkhsh 3

1. MA in psychology, Razi university, Kermanshah, Iran

2. Corresponding author: MA in clinical psychology, Azad University, Research & Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran. 3. PhD in social science, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran

*E.Mail: Fateh [email protected]

Introduction: Different studies have proven that cognitive-behavior therapy reduce ADHD symptoms. Objectives: This study is intended to investigate the efficacy of cognitive - behavioral therapy in reducing symptoms in children with hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and it may also be considered an applied study for parents and related centers.

Methods: The study population consisted of 6-12 year old children with ADHD in Java rood, Kermanshah; of whom, 30 were selected as the sample group using simple random sampling. Then, they were divided into two groups of experimental (15 children) and control (15 children). This was an experimental study in which pre-test, post-test and control group were used. Training period consisted of 12 sessions each of which lasted 90 minutes in 45 days. In this study, Conner's Scale (parents and teachers' form) to diagnose children with ADHD, and Children Symptoms Questionnaire (CSI-4)(parents and teachers' form) to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral therapy on reducing symptoms in children with ADHD were used. Covariance analysis and T-dependent were used for data analysis.

Results: The study findings revealed that the experimental group had a significant difference of 0.99 in the post-test compared to the control group, and that this difference (0.99) was maintained in a two-month follow-up. Conclusion: Cognitive - behavioral therapy is effective in reducing ADHD symptoms in children, and harmonizes their behavior so that the effectiveness of such a treatment persists after the intervention.

P336-Review of Assessment and Diagnosis Instrument of ADHD

Farnaz, FarshbafManei Sefat1 ,Sarvin, Ansar Hosien1

1. Corresponding Author: Psychologist, A.M., University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

*Email: maneisefat@yahoo. co. in

Introduction: ADHD is the most epidemic Neuro- Behavioral disorder diagnosed in children. Diagnosing and labeling ADHD have caused many negative effects in children and family life. Therefore, correct and onetime diagnosis is necessary for presenting suitable therapy.

Objective: Some instruments maybe more reliable than others. Assessment and diagnosis instruments of ADHD are surveyed in this investigation.

Methods: This study is a review type .To collect data, all of available psychiatric and psychological references and literature were studied and their results were summarized. In this investigation, available books, sites and foreign articles were used.

Results: Each assessment has its specific advantages and disadvantages. Reliability problems in structured interviews are less than other styles. Pencil and paper instruments supply possibility of screening and are suitable for investigational purposes .Observation method supplies the possibility of comparing ADHD and normal children for therapists, and reduces over estimation of children's problems by parents.

Conclusion: These instruments are not sufficient for investigation and therapeutic purposes when used alone. Therefore, to reach more accurate results using a combination of them is suggested. Observation of children in different situations may also be helpful.

P337-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Sensory Modulation Disorder: A Comparison of Symptoms and Interventions

MahdiehSeyedi1 ,FatemehSeyf2

1 Corresponding author :Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

2 Student of Ergonomy, University Of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.

*Email: mahdieh.seyedi@yahoo. com

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sensory processing disorder are early childhood developmental disorders that have received enormous attention in research. Attention deficit hyperactivity is a prevalent childhood disorder that affects 3-12% of school-age children, and accounts for approximately half of all pediatric referrals to mental health services. Typical characteristics of ADHD are developmentally inappropriate impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity .Another early childhood developmental disorder, which has received less attention is Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD). The essential features of SPD are the presence of difficulties in detecting, modulating, interpreting and/or organizing sensory stimuli, which are so severe that interfere with daily life routines. The presence of sensory symptoms may be as prevalent as ADHD. Considering the similarities in symptoms of both diseases (ADHD and SPD), a comprehensive and complete understand in go f SPD could result in an accurate diagnosis and help distinguish the two diseases, and help psychiatrists to choose the right treatment plan.

Objective: The purpose of this study to review the results of several studies that specifically compared ADHD and SPD disorders for betterdiagnoses, and providing medical treatment and rehabilitation strategies.

Methods: Searching the databases of Google, Scholar, Pub med, SID, Science

direct, and Elsevier, 30 articles were found; of which, lOwererelated.

Conclusion: Results of several studies suggest that familiarity with the symptoms, differences and similarities of these two disorders to professional help provide more appropriate the rapeutic strategies and frameworks.

P338-Does Co-morbidity of Oppositional Defiant Disorder with ADHD Increase the Prevalence of Other Psychiatric Disorders in Children?

ShahrokhAmiri MD1 ,Ali Fakhari MD2, Zahra Akbari Rafi MD3, AyyoubMalek MD4

1. Corresponding Author: Assistant professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

2. Associate professor of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

3. Resident of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

4. Associate professor of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

*Email: amirish@tbzmed. ac. ir

Objectives: Research shows that the oppositional defiant disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder co morbid with ADHD in children. The present study aims to investigate the outbreak of other accompanying psychiatric disorders in ADHD elementary schoolchildren with and without the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).

Method: Through the initial screening, using the Conner's Teacher Rating Scale Revised, and later by conducting a clinical interview according to the DSM- IV-TR criteria's, 160 ADHD students were selected through cluster sampling from among elementary schools in Tabriz. A clinical interview based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K- SADS-PL) were used for evaluating psychiatric co- morbidities. Afterwards, the subjects were assigned into two groups of ADHD children with and without ODD. Fisher Exact Test was used to compare the groups.

Results: The prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders in the ADHD group without the oppositional defiant disorder was significantly less than the ADHD group with the oppositional defiant disorder (46.9 % compared to 80.9%). In particular, the outbreak of chronic motor tic in the ADHD group with ODD was significantly more than the ADHD group without ODD (29.8% compared to 10.6%). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of frequency of the type of ADHD. Also, the subjects' sex did not have a significant relationship with the ADHD groups with and without ODD.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this preliminary study, the prevalence of other psychiatric co- morbidities in the ADHD children with ODD is more than the ADHD group without ODD.

P339-The Effectiveness of Group Training Positive Parenting Program (Triple-P) on Symptoms of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders

Sorayya, Abedi-Shapourabadi1 *, MasoumePourmohamadrezatajrishi2, ParvaneMohamadkhani3

1 Correspondent Author: MA in Psychology & Education of Exceptional Children, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 PhD in Psychology, Assistant Professor, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and R ehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3.PhD in Clinical Psychology, Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

*Email: Sorayaabedi65@yahoo. com

Objective: Attention deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. The purpose was to determine the effective of positive parenting group training program on symptoms of 4-10 year old children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorders.

Materials and Method: In this pre-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with single group, 25 mothers of ADHD children who had attended in Akhavan and Rofeide Clinics were selected through available sampling. They participated in 8 sessions and received positive parenting program. Mothers completed Caners Parent Scale Revised before and after group training sessions. Data were analyzed by dependent t-test, one-way analysis of variance with repeated-measure design, and Bonfferoni test.

Results: Findings showed that positive parenting group training program caused significant (p<0.001) reduction in ADHD (t=24/159), symptoms of hyperactivity (t=3 3/085), cognitive and attention problems (t=14/189) and oppositional defiant (t= 13/544).

Conclusion: Group training positive parenting program caused improvement of Symptoms of ADHD and can be used by therapists to help ADHD children and their families.

P340-Evaluation of Tactile and Auditory Over- responsivity in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Hatami, Roghiehl. Behnia, Fatemeh2.Rassafiani, Mehdi3. Pishyareh, Ebrahim *4Mahmodirad, Maryam5. Farzi, Marjanó

1 MSc. student, The university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2MSc.Department of Occupational Therapy. The university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy. Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center. The university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4Corresponding Author, Cognitive Neuroscience, PhD, Department of Occupational Therapy. The university of Social Welfare and R ehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

5Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, The university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

6MSc. Department of Statistic. The university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Email: Ebipishyareh&uswr. ac. ir

Introduction: Problems experienced by children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in activity of daily living (ADL) and social interactions are very similar to observed symptoms in Sensory over-responsivity (SOR). SOR is characterized by faster, longer, or more intense responses to sensory stimuli in comparison with typical sensory responsivity.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine tactile and auditory responsiveness in children with ADHD.

Method and materials: This was a descriptive- analytical and comparative research. Parents of 48 children aged 6 to 11 with ADHD, and parents of 48 normal children matched for age and gender completed the Sensory Over-responsivity Inventory. Test results were evaluated with T-test and Chi Square Test.

Results: Children with ADHD demonstrated statistically significant differences in all items of their tactile and auditory responsiveness including dressing, ADL and tactile stimulation compared to typical children (p<0/01). Furthermore, the mean scores of ADHD children in both noises and chattering and crowds in public centers showed significant differences compared with normal children.

Conclusion: The results indicated that children with ADHD suffer from increased levels of tactile and auditory responsiveness more than normal children. Assessment of sensory over-responsivity in children with ADHD and referring them to early intervention is important and can improve their social interactions and performance at home and school.

P341-The Effect of Neurofeedback Training on Reducing ADHD Symptoms

Amir Jahanian najafabadi1 , Hadis Imant

1.Corresponding author : Educational Psychology, Neuropsychology of Child & Adolescent. MSc Student. Department of Educational Psychology. Shiraz University. Shiraz, Iran.

2.Educational Psychology. MSc Student. Department of Educational Psychology. Shiraz University. Shiraz, Iran.

*Email: Amirjahanian2002(a>y ahoo.com

Introduction: Electroencephalography (EEG)- Neurofeedback has been shown to offer therapeutic benefits to patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in several mostly uncontrolled studies.

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of neurofeedback method on reducing the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder as an experimental design with pretest-posttest comparing to control group. Thus, 24 primary school students (8-12 years) with ADHD defined according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria were randomly selected from those admitted to psychology clinic of Shiraz University (12 in experimental and 12 in control group).

Methods: Experimental group received 30 sessions of EEG-neurofeedback. All participants were evaluated before and after intervention with computerized CPT test (as a continuous performance evaluation test of sustained attention) and Conner's test-parent form. The Wechsler Intelligence Test IV (WISC-IV) was used to measure clients' intelligence.

Results: The results of this research showed that the Neurofeedback method alone can reduce the symptoms of this disorder. Statistical data analysis showed that this method affects strengthening or reduction in variables such as sustained attention, changes in reaction time, impulsivity and hyperactivity.

Conclusion: This method is specially recommended for those students who do not respond to medications or suffer from their adverse reactions, and also to those people who prefer medication-free healing methods. Of course, the most appropriate method should be selected under the supervision of a psychologist or a psychiatrist.

P342-A survey on the Effect of Differential Behavior Therapy on Decreasing Hyperactivity and Improve Attention in ADHD Children

lAli PouladeiReishehri1 Akbar Pouladi Rishsheri1, Ebrahimsoleymani1

i.Department of Psychology, Pavamnoor university

Email: alipoladei&yahoo. com

Introduction: One of the characteristics of hyperactive children is impulsivity with inattention.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of behavior therapy in children with ADHD.

Method: This research was an experimental study with pretest and posttest. Participants were 15 ADHD children recognized by clinical method. The subjects were treated in 12 sessions by differential therapy. These children did not take any medication. They were tested with a checklist before and after the intervention.

Results: The findings revealed significant changes in the experimental group compared to the control group. These children showed improvement in attention and could control their behavior for some time by order of their parents and therapists.

Conclusion: The results imply that differential therapy can be effective in decreasing sings of hyperactivity with inattention. Further, increasing and improving attention may be achieved by this method.

P343-The Relationship between Passive Smoking in Pregnant Mothers and Risk of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children

AshrafTashakori, ZahraSouri

Introduction: Despite the fact that the genetic background of ADHD is clarified, its etiologic factors are not yet well known. This case-control study was carried out to determine the relationship between passive smoking in pregnant mothers and risk of ADHD in children.

Method and materials: Fifty-five known cases of ADHD children from the child psychiatric clinic of Golestan hospital as the case group, and 110 non ADHD children from general pediatric clinics of Abuzar and Golestan hospitals as controls were selected in Ahvaz. The age range of the participants was 3-12. Questionnaire contained information such as history of maternal exposure to cigarette smoking and maternal age at pregnancy, occupation and educational level of parents, income status and family history of hyperactivity and gender of the child. This questionnaire was completed by the two groups. Data were analyzed by chi-square (to determine the relationship between qualitative variables) and logistic regression (to control confounders and Howe odds ratio for each of the factors) with the help of software SPSS versionló.

Results: R of passive smoking was significantly higher inthe case group (45.5) than control group (22.7%) (p=0.003). Logistic regression model demonstrated that the chance of ADHD in children was 2.65 times with passive smoking during pregnancy (ρ = 0.010).

Conclusion: The results of this study revealed a probable relationship between ADHD and maternal passive smoking during pregnancy. With respect to prevention, recognition and treatment of this disorder, further studies are recommended to understand the causes of this disorder.

P344-Assessment of the Relationship between ADHD in Children with and without Simple Febrile Seizure Admitted to Amir Kabir Hospital

Salehi B1, Yousefi Ρ1, SafiArian S2

1. Psychiatrist, Associate Professor, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak - Iran

2. Student Medicines, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak - Iran

Introduction: Febrile seizure is one of the most prevalent childhood convulsions which are the most common in age of onset of 14-18 months. Studies have shown that fever decreases the brain threshold for seizure. There are controversy about possible relations between febrile seizure and ADHD.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between ADHD in children with and without simple febrile seizure admitted to Arak- Amir Kabir hospital.

Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive- analytic study conducted on 103 children aged3-12 with simple febrile seizure (according to Nelson Pediatrics Textbook criteria, diagnosed by the pediatrician),and without corporeal or psychiatric disorders (such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and other maternal diseases) who referred to Amir Kabir hospital in Arak. They were compared with 103 age-matched children who were admitted to the hospital due to diseases other than febrile seizure and psychiatric disorders based on DSM-IV-TR,. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.

Results: In this study, it was found that attention deficit, and hyperactivity disorder in the same order were 34.3% and 16.7%, respectively which also denotes a significant relationship between simple febrile seizure and ADHD.

Conclusion: In our study, hyperactivity had a significant relationship with febrile seizure in male gender. Conducting further investigation on these children is prudent for early diagnosis and management.

P345-Investigating Process and Content of Families with Hyperactive Children

Sarajahani1 ,Nastaran khageh' ,Nadereh sohrabi3 ,Siamaksamani

1. Corresponding author: MA. Department of Psychology,Islamic Azad University, Man'dasht Branch, Iran

2. MA. Department of Psychology,Islamic Azad University, Man'dasht Branch, Iran

3. Assistant Professor. Department of Psychology,Islamic Azad University, Man'dasht Branch, Iran

4. Associate Professor. Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Man'dasht Branch, Iran

*Email: sarajahanii&gmail. com

Introduction: Hyperactive children create many problems for parents( Stress, depression, aggression...), so it seems identifying the exact dimensions of these problems for better treatment is essential.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the process and the content of families with hyperactive children.

Method: Participants were 50 families with ADHD children; children's age range was 7toll, who were selected from Behavioral Disorders and Education Centers in Sliiraz.

The following measures were used in this study: Self-report Family Process Scale (SFPS), (Samani, 2008):

The SFPS is a 43-item scale, consists of: Family communication skills, family cohesion and respect, coping strategies, problem solving and decision making, and religious orientation. Previous studies have reported good psychometric properties with alpha-coefficients ranging from .75 to .92 for the subscales.

Self-report Family Content Scale (SFCS), (Samani, 2008):

The SFCS is a 38-items scale. The SFCS consists of: Mental and physical health, physical appearance and social prestige, job and education, time together, space of living, and financial resources. Internal consistencies for the subscales ranged from ,73to .90 and test-retest reliability (with two weeks interval) ranged from .72 to .91.

In this study, SFPS and SFCS were used to diagnose family types of participants based on FPC model;3 was the cut-off point in both scales.

In this study, descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results: In family processes, estimated results for these aspects are as follows:

Mean in the process: Family communication skills (2/9), family cohesion and respect(2/6),coping strategies(2/6), problem solving and decision making(3), and religious orientation(2/9), total (28). Mean in the content: educational level and job(3/08),family investment(3/4),spending time together(2/7) family social prestige(3/08), physical and mental health(3/5), living space (3/4), educational facilities(3/4),total(3/2).

Discussion: Considering the cut-off point3, families with ADHD children are problematic families in SFPS subscale(2/8).

P345-Comparison of Treatment Beliefs in Parents of Children with Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder in Positive Parenting Program Group and Control Group

Khosrovan Mehr,Najmeh'. *, Khademi,Mojgan2.

1.Corresponding A uther:. Psychologist, MA. Psychiatric clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital.ShahidBeheshti U niversity of Medical ScienceTehran.Iran.

2.Psychiatrist of child and adolescent.MD. ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Science. Tehran.Iran.

*E-mail:nkhosrovan@yahoo. com.

Introduction: Some researchers showed that treatment beliefs are critical in health behaviors. These beliefs include patients' beliefs about disease, severity, course, signs and treatment of current illness, which significantly affect the patients' compliance to treatment.

Objective: The main purpose of this research was to study the treatment beliefs of mothers of preschool children with Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) before and after Positive Parenting Program compared with the control group.

Method: The participants in this study were 27 mothers of preschool children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder who attended to psychiatric clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital. The samples were selected through available society. Participants were randomly divided in to experimental and control groups. Before intervention, both groups participated in a psycho education session about ADHD, and primarily were evaluated by Treatment Belief Questionnaire-parent form. Mothers in the intervention group participated in 8 weekly Positive Parenting Program sessions. Participants in each group filled the questionnaire after 8 weeks. Members of the control group visited a psychiatrist routinely through theses 8 weeks.

Result: Pairedt-test was used to analysis the data. Results indicated that the triple Ρ can induce positive significant changes in mothers' treatment beliefs but these changes were not significant in the control group.

Conclusion: This study showed that it is necessary for parents to participate in Triple Ρ sessions to modify their beliefs about treatment.

P346-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Low Birth Weight

Saeedi R1, Javanbakht M', Saghrai M3, Rahmani S4

1 Neonatalogist, Assistant professor, Mashhad University Of medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Psychiatrist, Assistant professor, Mashhad University Of medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3 General practitioner, Mashhad University Of medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

4 General practitioner, Mashhad University Of medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders that has a probable relation with preinstall and postnatal complications. Children with ADHD are at high risk for adverse personal and social outcomes and health problem.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and low birth weight among 5 to 10 year old children.

Method: This was a crossectional study performed on 700 children with the age range of 5 to 10 selected through convenient sampling in pediatrics clinic of Dr. Sheikh hospital in 2009-2010.

Data were collected using 10-item Parent Canners Questionnaire, and Semi Structured Diagnostic Interviews based on DMS-IV diagnostic criteria of ADHD in two groups of A and ? (A: birth weight < 2500gr and B: birth weight > 2500gr ). Each group contained 350 children. Other risk factors such as age, gender, mother age, gestational age, type of delivery, history of head trauma, history of cyanosis and CPR, history of admission to neonatal intensive care unit, type of feeding, family history of ADHD, parental education level, maternal employment and divorce were evaluated in both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS: 18. Statistical significance criteria were set at P< 0.05.

Result: Seven hundred cases (364 male & 336 female) were included. The number of low birth weight cases who had ADHD was 1.3 times the number of control cases who had birth weight of more than 2500gr, but it was not statistically significant (P=0.058). The prevalence of ADHD according to the parents report was 17.3% (68.6% male, 31.4% female). Factors such as gender, history of admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and history of head trauma in infancy were shown to act as associated factors for ADHD(P=0.0001 , P=0.002, P=0.031 respectively). Other risk factors were not associated with ADHD.

Conclusion: According to our findings, low birth weight was not a significant risk factor for ADHD, but there was an association between male sex, history of admission to NICU, history of head trauma in infancy and ADHD.

P347-Studying Parenting Style and Birth Order among Hyper Active Children

Adibeh barshan1 * ,Eshratkarimi afshar2

1.Corresponding Author: student of Education and assessment PHD of Tehran University

2: Clinical Psychology MSC

Email: adibehbarshan@gmail. com

Introduction: One of the most important and serious duties and responsibilities in our life is paying attention to and taking care of children .In this regard researches show that the way we raise our children influences children's health, success and satisfaction in the future.

Objective: The aim of this research was to study parenting style and Birth order among hyper active Children

Methods: In this research, 50 parents who referred to the consulting center of Kerman Education and Training Organization answered Bam ride Parenting Style Questionnaire that assesses despotism and rational authority style of parents. Free valuation,

Results: showed a significant difference between authoritative, neglectful and authoritarian parenting style; and 86/5% of children were the first child of the family.

Conclusion: Neglectful and authoritative parenting style was significantly used by parents of Hyper active Children, and birth order was found to be a considerable factor in Hyper active disorder.

P348- Effectiveness of Short-term Structured Play Therapy on ADHD Children

Hemn Saadati, Leila Lashani *, Maryam Zarnaghash Corresponding authors: e mail:

Leila_lashani69@yahoo. com

*email: Leila_lashani69@yahoo. com

Introduction: Children with ADHD are part of a society in which the prevalence of some disorders is more than a normal society. Mental health professionals have reached a consensus that attending to children's behavioral problems, especially in standpoint of childhood experiences and learning is the most important determinant of personality and health in adulthood.

Proper identification of problems and disorders of childhood, and efforts to eliminate the physical, emotional, and intellectual growth are priorities of every community.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of short-term structured play therapy on 7-9 year old hyperactive children who referred to a counseling clinic.

Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post- test. The study population consisted of 7-9 year old children who were selected from children referring to a counseling clinic. Measurement tools included Conner's Questionnaire with 48 items. Pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed by paired sample T-test.

Conclusion: According to the results, the three sub- scales of learning problems, psychosomatic, and hyperactivity - impulsivity and total scores were significantly different between pre-test and post-test of the experimental group.

P349- A Comparison between ADHD Children and Normal Children in Categories of Emotional Intelligence and Attachment Styles

BehrouzBehrouz1 ,FarahnazShakehnia', Mohammad Naghavi1

1. Corresponding author :M. A. Student of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran.

*Email: Behrouz.psycho64@yahoo. com

Introduction: The problems and maladjustments in children suffering from attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder deserve more attention.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare emotional intelligence and attachment style between ADHD children and normal children.

Methods: Eleven schools, 1124 students were randomly selected from pre-high school students in Kermanshah in 2010-201 l;among whom, 60 students with ADHD were selected through random sampling after identifying those who suffered from this disorder (n=120). Afterwards, Shoot's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (SSRI), and Parental Bonding Inventory (BPI) designed by Parker et al (1979) were filled out by them. This was a causal-comparative study, and test was applied for data analysis.

Results: The results showed that the mean of sub- scales of emotional intelligence in normal children regulating emotions and expressing them and in those suffering from attention deficit/ hyperactivity, assessing other's emotions and expressing them were higher than the other components respectively. The mean scores of normal students on emotional intelligence and its components was higher than that of ADHD children, and t scores were significant; that is, in all the secategories, a significant difference was found between normal and hyperactive students (P<0.01). Moreover, the mean score of normal students in categories of care with mother's affection and care with father's affection was higher than that of students with hyperactivity, and t scores were significant (PO.Ol). In addition the mean score of hyperactive students were higher than that of normal students in categories of mother's control, father's control, and attachment style, and t scores were significant as well (PO.Ol).

Conclusion: The findings revealed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of components of emotional intelligence. The applications of findings of this study and its limitations as well as suggestions have also been discussed.

P350-Comparison of the Effectiveness parent behavioral education and medication with Ritalin on children ADHD symptoms

Alina Shahrbanivan

*Email: Mina.shahrbanivan&gmail. com

Objectives: ADHD in children is accompanied by conditions such as hyperactivity, lack of concentration outbreak of impulsive movements and etc. Currently, stimulant drugs are used as a first line of therapy to treat this disorder. Considering the worries about these drugs including the probability of dependence on drugs in children the effect of Ritalin and parents' behavior education were investigated on primary school children afflicted with ADHD.

Method: The present research is an experimental investigation carried out on primary school children afflicted with ADHD of small province of Anzaliport in2009. As many as 45 primary school children were selected and visited by a psychiatrist and were diagnosed as having ADHD. Then the subjects were divided randomly in three 15-subject groups (Group of behavior therapy, group of medication, and control group).

Results: The obtained results, using statistical index of multi-variable covariance analysis (ANOVA), showed that the effects of parents' behavior education and medication with Ritalin were meaningful at the level of ρ < 0.01 on the rate of symptoms of hyperactivity of primary school children.

Conclusion: Considering the meaningfulness of the difference of means with 99 percent confidence, it can be concluded that the research hypothesis of this study (medication with Ritalin can reduce symptoms of hyperactivity of children with ADHD)has been confirmed.

P351-Prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyper Activity Disorder in Preschool Children of Bandar Abbas in 2010-2011

JavadGolmirzaei1*, Farah Moayedi2, ShahramZare3

1. Corresponding Author: Children and Adolescents Psychiatrist, Research center for Behavioral and Neurosciences, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2. Psychiatrist, Research center for Behavioral and Neurosciences, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Email: ja\>adgolmirzaei&yahoo. com

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among children. This disorder is a resistant disorder that starts from early childhood and sometimes lasts until adulthood and affects individuals' education, social life and family. Misdiagnosis and mistreatment can lead to serious problems.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ADHD in preschool children of Bandar Abbas in 2010-2011.

Methods: This study was conducted in 2010-2011 in Bandar Abbas on 520 preschool children who were selected by cluster sampling. Data on name, age, educational level of parents, and income level of families were collected. Conner's Parent Teacher Questionnaire was filled for each child. Children who were positive for ADHD in the teachers' or parents' questionnaire were interviewed by a psychiatrist for clinical diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM IV and K-SADS. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and T- Test using SPSS software.

Results: Among the 520 children 283 (54.4%)were male and 237 (45.5%) female. According to Conner's questionnaire, 229 children (44.03%) were positive for ADHD and were invited for an interview with a psychiatrist, and 105 (20.19%) were diagnosed with ADHD. Age, gender, birth order and parents' educational level had no significant relations with ADHD (P>0.05).

Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD in Bandar Abbas was higher than other regions. This can be due to the warm and humid climate of Bandar Abbas, high seafood consumption, intolerant families and genetic condition of the population.

P352-Comparison of Self-esteem in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder with Normal Children

ShahrokhAmiri MD1 ,HoseinDadashzadeh AID2, Zahra Mousavi AID3 , Ali Alousavi AID4

1Assistant professor of Child and A dolescent Psychiatry, Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Aledical Sciences.

2. Assistant professor of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Aledical Sciences.

3.Corresponding Author: Assistant professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Aledical Sciences.

4.Tabriz University of Aledical Sciences

* Email: AI-zl374(a)yahoo.com

Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a constant problem whose signs expand by growing older. It is declared that ADHD can be related to low self-esteem and its unpleasant consequences, but this statement lias not been confirmed or denied by any study. The aim of this study was to evaluate self- esteem in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and normal children.

Methods: In an analytic cross sectional study, 60 children with ADHD and 85 normal children, all in guidance school level, were studied. Children with ADHD were diagnosed by a psychiatric sub-specialist according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. To determine self- esteem standard Cooper Smith Self-esteem Query was used.

Results: In this study, the mean of self-esteem score in ADHD children was 28.48±8.84 and in healthy children was 28.30±7.17. Therefore, no significant difference was found between the two groups in the mean of self-esteem score.

Conclusion: Results of this study, unlike previous studies, showed no relationship between ADHD and low self-esteem. Also, there was no difference between the two genders in self-esteem. However, more studies should be conducted to confirm these results.

P353-The Frequency Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Kerman Medical

University Students During Years Of 88-89

Noshinpar\>aresh, Hasanziyaedin, Raziveherfani

*Email: η_par\'aresh(a\vahoo.com

Objectives: Considering the destructive consequences of untreated ADHD as academic difficulties, divorce, substance abuse in adults and specifically in university students, the goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of adult and childhood ADHD in boys and girls of Kerman Medical University Students. The correlation of ADHD in childhood and adulthood with depression will be assessed as well.

Methods and Materials: In this cross sectional study, 414 students were selected by convenience sampling. ADHD was screened with ADHD Self Report Scale for adults and DSM - IV criteria for childhood. Depression was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire.

Results: The prevalence of Adult ADHD was 3/9% and childhood ADHD was 8.5%. Depression was more prevalent in those with adult or childhood ADHD. Depression was correlated with academic level and was more prevalent in master degree level students.

Conclusion: As there are destructive consequences for adult ADHD specifically in adult students and the fact that depression may by the first symptom which lead to misdiagnosis, screening the disorder among university students is essential.

P354-A Comparison between Children Suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Normal Children in Emotional Intelligence and Attachment styles

BehrouzBehrouz1 , FarahnazShakehniva2, Mohammad Naghavi3

1. Corresponding author: M. A. student of psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

2. ?Ι. A. student of psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

3 ?Ι. A. student of psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

* Email: Behrouz.psycho64(a)yahoo.com

Introduction: The problems and maladjustments in children suffering from attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder require more attention.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare emotional intelligence and attachment style between children suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and normal children.

Methods: Eleven schools (1124) were randomly selected from middle schools of Kermansliah in 2010- 2011 academic year, and 60 students with ADHD were selected through random sampling after identifying those suffering from attention deficit/ hyperactivity (n=120). Afterwards, Shoot's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (SSRI), and Parental Bonding Inventory (BPI) designed by Parker et. al (1979) were used. The study was causal-comparative analysis and test was applied for data analysis.

Results: The results showed that the mean of sub- scales of emotional intelligence in normal children regulating emotions and expressing them and in those suffering from attention deficit/ hyperactivity, assessing other's emotions and expressing them were higher than the other components respectively. The mean of scores of normal students on emotional intelligence and its components was more than that of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity and t scores were significant. That is, in all the secategories, a significant difference was found between normal and hyperactive students (PO.Ol). Moreover, the mean score of normal students in categories of care with mother's affection and care with father's affection was higher than that of students with hyperactivity, and t scores were significant (PO.Ol). In addition, the mean score of hyperactive students were generally higher than that of normal students in case of categories of mother's control, father's control, and attachment style, and t scores were significant as well (P<0.01).

Conclusion: The findings indicated a significant difference among children with hyperactivity/attention deficit and normal children in terms of components of emotional intelligence. The applications of findings of the present study and its limitations as well as suggestions have also been discussed.

P355-The Effectiveness of Mothers' Cognitive- Behavioral Group Interventions on the Behavioral Problems of ADHD Children

ArezooAlijani 1 ,MohamadaliRahmani2,Shahrbanou Ghahari3, Mohamadreza Zarbakhsh4

1.Corresponding author: Msc i η clinical Psychologyof Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch.

2.phd in counseling psychology, assistant proof of Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch.

3.phd in clinical psychology, assistant proof of Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch

4.Phd in exceptional children, assistant proof of Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch

*E-mail:[email protected]

Objectives: Mental health and the deep relationship between mothers and children are very important. This study aimed at specifying the effectiveness of mother's cognitive-behavioral group interventions on the behavioral problems of ADHD children

.Method: The researcher usedl60 boys aged 6-12 years who referred to counselors in educational counseling center and private psychiatry clinics in 2010-201 l.The instruments used in this study included Canners Questionnaire (children and parents form), and Family Functioning Questionnaire. After running the pretest, 60 children were diagnosed with ADHD, then 30 mothers of children with ADHD were randomly assigned in to control and experimental groups; each group consisted of 15 members. Cognitive-behavioral training was performed during twelve ninety -minute sessions for the experimental group. Having completed the training, the groups were evaluated again by the above-mentioned questionnaires .Mancova analysis was used to examine the obtained data.

Result: The analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups in behavioral problems of their ADHD children, and also, in mothers' general functioning (anger management, problem solving, effective communication).

Conclusion: The result of the analysis demonstrated that mothers' cognitive-behavioral group intervention is an effective technique for managing and improving children's behavioral problem.

P356-Comorbidity of Psychiatric Disorders in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Sepehrmanesh Zahra1 , GhorashieFatemeh Sadat1

1. Corresponding author'.Assistant Professor of Psychiatry,Kashan University Of Medical Sciences, Kashan ,Ι??Ν

*Email:z.sepehrmanesh@gmail,com

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the lasting pattern that includes less attention or hyperactivity and impulsivity behavior that is more than the age and developmental level of the child. Recent studies reported different prevalence of psychiatric disorders co morbidity with ADHD. Diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorder comorbidities in these children are of prime importance.

Objective: This study evaluates the prevalence and type of psychiatric disorders comorbidity in children with ADHD admitted to Akhavan Hospital.

Method :In this cross-sectional study, all children referred to child psychiatric Clinic (Akhavan Hospital 1389-1390) with diagnosis of ADHD were interviewed by child and adolescent psychiatrist for psychiatric comorbidity according to DSM-IV criteria . Data were analyzed by Chi-squareand Fisher's exact tests.

Result: Over all, 200 children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder were studied. The mean age was 1.23 ± 7.35 years. One hundred sixty seven children (83.5%) were 5-9 years old; of whom,132(66%) were male, and 107 (53.5%) had psychiatric disorders comorbidity. The highest comorbidities with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder were OCD and then Enuresis and ODD respectively. The relation between sex, age and type of psychiatric disorder comorbidity was significant.

Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders comorbidity such as OCD, Enuresis and ODD in children with ADHD, diagnosis and proper treatment of these disorders is necessary in this children. More studies are recommended for detection and proper treatment of these psychiatric disorder comorbidities.

P357-The Study of Short- term Structured Play Therapy on Controlling ADHD Symptoms of Six Year Old Children

AtefehBehravesh1 ,Naeimeh Moheb2 , Shahrokh Amiri3 , Hassan Shahrokhi3

1. Psychologist, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran

2.Member of faculty of psychology group in Islamic Azad university of Tabriz

3.Corre spending author: Child and A dole scent Psychiatrist, Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

*Email: Amirish@tbzmed. ac. ir

Objectives: The present study has been carried out by the aim of examining the effect of structured short- term play therapy on controlling the symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children suffering from ADHD.

Methods: The methodology of the research was semi- experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population included children with ADHD who referred to Bozorgmehr therapeutic Center (an outpatient child and adolescent clinic). Thirty children were assigned randomly in to two groups of control and experimental. The participants were evaluated by Teacher and Parent Children Symptom Inventory (CSI- 4) and Parent ADHD rating scale-IV forms. The obtained data in two steps of pre- test and post- test was analyzed using the statistical method of one variant covariance analysis and Man - Whitney- U test.

Results: The results showed that based on the evaluation of parents and teachers, structured short- term play therapy lead to a significant decrease in hyperactivity, and inattention symptoms of subjects in experimental group in comparison with control group (PO.Ol).

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that structured short term play therapy significantly improved symptoms of ADHD and is beneficial in the treatment of children with ADHD.

P358- The Role of Community Health Nurses in Modifying the Behavior of Parents having Children with Behavioral Problems

Abdollah Rezaei Dehaghani1*, Kobra Ershadi', Saeid Pahlavanzadeh3, Saved Ahmad Ahmadi4

1. C orresponding author: MSc, Department of Nursing Health, School of Nursing and M idwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

2. MSc Student, School of Nursing and M idwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

3. MSc, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

4. Ph.D, Department of Counseling, Faculty of psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.

Email: Rezaei&nm.mui.ac.ir

Introduction: Mental health is of great importance in childhood as the foundation of personality is laid during this period. Moreover, behavioral problems are common in children and the reason behind most of personal, familial, and social disorders is that they are not treated at the right time. More important is that behavioral problems of children are rooted in the behavior and upbringing of their parents.

Objective: To investigate the role of community health nurses in modifying the behavior of parents whose children have behavioral problems.

Methods: This was a pre- and post-training quasi- experimental study. Parents of 44 first-grade primary school children with reported behavioral problems participated in this study. The instrument used was a self-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (t-test and repeated ANOVA).

Results: The mean scores of parents' behavior exhibited a significant difference in both fathers and mothers before, immediately after, and one month after the training (p= 0.04 in fathers and pO.OOl in mothers). Moreover, the mean scores of mothers demonstrated a significant difference before and immediately after the training and also before and one month after the training (pO.OOl and pO.OOl, respectively). However, the mean scores of mothers were not significantly different immediately after and one month after the training (p=0.53). Furthermore, the mean scores of fathers were significantly different before and immediately after the training and also before and one month after the training (p<0.001 and pO.OOl, respectively). However, the mean scores of fathers did not show a significant difference immediately after and one month after the training (p=0.33).

Conclusions: As group training of parents led to a change and improvement in their behavior towards children, organizing and implementing such programs are recommended.

359- Prevalence of Behavior Disorders in 3 to 6 Year Old Children in Hamadan City

Jila Sajedi1, Kazem Zarrabiair, Effat Sadeghian3

1. MSc of nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Department, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran

2. MSc of Clinical Psychology, Farshchian Educational and Medical Center, . Hamadan, Iran

3. PhD Student in nursing, Nursing and M idwifery Department, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran,

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Children are susceptible to mental disorders. Susceptible factors for this age group are attributed to developmental process and control of enviromnental conditions by parents.

Objective: The aim of this research was to examine the prevalence of behavioral problems in 3 to 6 year old children in Hamadan.

Methods: This research was a cross sectional study with sample size of 400 selected by stratified method. Data were collected through interview and included two parts: the first part included 7 questions on demographic characteristics; the second part included behavioral problems check list with 24 questions for assessing defect attention, fear, social behavior problems and aggression .Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The results indicated that the prevalence of defect attention was 15%, fear 17.5%, aggression 15.5%, and social behavior problem was 6.75%. Significant differences were observed when comparing the mean scores of different ages of boys and girls.

Conclusion: Primary prevention is preferred to treatment, with focus on high prevalence of problematic behaviors and their negative effect on social and educational behaviors in children and adolescences.

P360- The Epidemiology of Behavioral Disorders among Children and Adolescents in High Schools of Kermanshah

Keivan Kakabaraee*1, Mehran Farhadi', Marvam Seidv3

1. Corresponding author: PhD of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah, Iran

2. PhD of Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Boalisina, Hamadan, Iran

3. Young Researcher Club, Kermanshah Branch, Iran

Email: kakabraee&gmail. com

Introduction: Epidemiology as the study of the distribution, incidence, prevalence and duration of disorders, helps to understand the etiology, semiology, and pathogenesis of mental disorders.

Objectives: This study investigated the epidemiology of behavioral disorders among children and adolescents in high schools of Kermanshah.

Method: In the present descriptive study, 533 high school students (269 girls and 264 boys) were selected using multi stage sampling.

Results: The results showed that 9/2% of the total sample had behavioral problems. The prevalence rates of behavioral problems were anxiety/ depression (15.2%), depression/ seclusion (20.6%), physical complains (9%), thinking problems (14.8%), attention problems (17.4%), criminal behaviors (17.2%), aggression (14.6%), social problems (12.9%) and other problems (15%). Other results showed no significant differences among children and adolescents (boys and girls) in total behavioral problems. However, there were significant differences in the subscales of anxiety/ depression, depression/ seclusion, physical complains, attention problems, criminal behaviors, social problems and other problems. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the subscales of thinking problems and aggression.

Conclusion: Behavioral disorders can create serious problems for children and adolescents in their communication and education in the future. Therefore, identification, control and timely management is requires reliable data about these disorders that studies of the prevalence this makes possible.

P361- Prediction of Aggression of Adolescents based on Dimensions of Sixth- Parenting Styles and Self-regulation

Shahram Vahedi PhDl *

1. Corresponding author: Department of Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Email: vahedi 117(a), yahoo.com

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dimensions of sixth- parenting styles self regulation and aggression among adolescents.

Method: In a descriptive correlational study, 192 high school students were selected by cluster multistage sampling method. All participants were asked to complete the Parent Report Measure of Parenting, Self- Regulatory Inventory and Children's Social Behavior Scale-self report. In order to analyze the data, t Hotelling's test, MANOVA and stepwise multiple regression method were utilized.

Results: The results indicated no significant difference between the type of aggression with respect to social - economic status of families and genders (p>./05). Furthermore, regression analyses revealed that 33% of total variance of aggression of adolescents could be estimated by parenting styles (autonomy and chaos) and self regulation.

Conclusion: In general, parenting style of chaos was the highest power to predict aggression in male and female high school students.

P362- Investigating Social Skills in Aggressive and Non-Aggressive Students

Khatoon Pourmaveddat1 , Vahlde Salah" Razieh Ährami3 and MojganShooshtarf'and Soheila Gasemi5

1.Corresponding author Psychology Department,Pavam Noor UniversityBushehr, Islamic Rpublic of Iran

2. Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children. Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.

3. Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children. Islamic Republic of Iran

4. Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children. Islamic Republic of Iran

5. Pavam Noor University.Borazjan, Islamic Rpublic of Iran

Mail:pay ame_5 l&yahoo. com

Introduction: Social skill is a critical factor in children's psychological development. Children who suffer from behavioral disorders and aggression are likely to have difficulty in developing social skills. According to previous studies, effective educational and therapeutic programs can be developed to reduce the amount of aggression.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate students' social skills regarding the amount of aggression.

Methods: Participants of this study were 211elementary school students who were evaluated by Shahim's Aggression Questionnaire and Gersham and Elliott's Social Skills Questionnaire (Gersham and Elliott, 1995). According to the score obtained from total aggression questionnaire, students were grouped into three groups: non-aggressive, moderately aggressive, and highly aggressive.

Results: ANO VA showed a significant difference among the three groups in amount of social skills, determination subscale (F = 4.87, Ρ <009), cooperation (F = 6.67, Ρ <001), and self-restraint(F = 11.63, Ρ <0.000).

Conclusions: The study revealed that students who had more aggressive behaviour had lower social skills.

P363- A Comparative Study of the Prevalence of Behavioral Problems in Pre-school Children in Different Regions of Tehran

Reza Pourhosein 1, Mojtaba Habibi' , Ahmad Ashori3

1. Developmental Psychologist, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2. Corresponding author : Health Psychologist, Assistant Professor, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran

3. Clinical Psychologist, Assistant Professor, University of Medical Sciences & Health Ser\>ices, Psychiatry Institute, Mental Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran

Email·, molía b i b i ?ν, sb u. a c. i r

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the prevalence of behavioral problems in pre-school children in different regions of Tehran, and to provide improvement solutions.

Methods: The population under the study included 1/5- 7 year-old preschool children in Tehran in 2010-2011 academic year. The subjects were selected from a sample of 2000 children whose mothers were given the Children s Behavioral Problem Checklist.

Results: After screening and disregarding incomplete questionnaires, the total sample size was 1977 subjects including 957 boys (48.4%) and 1,020 girls (51.6 %). The most prevalent disorders in boys and girls were attention disorders (6.1%), and emotional - affective reaction problems (17.2%), respectively. The most prevalent disorders in children younger than 5 years of age were related to emotional - affective reaction problems (11.3%), and in 5-7 year-olds was emotional - affective reaction problems (10.7%) and somatic complaints (10.3%). Among the demographic variables, parents' education level and occupation status were significantly associated with behavioral disorders.

Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the prevalence was relatively high, and this issue needs more attention of mental health policy makers. To conclude, some suggested solutions to reduce these problems were discussed.

P364-Comparing Attachment Style in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder with Normal Adolescents

Mehrnaz Azadyekta1 *

1. Correspondent author :Phd in psychology, Academic member of islamic azad university of islamshahr

mail address: m.azadyekta ayahoo.com

Introduction: Conduct disorder is a serious psychopathological disorder in terms of both severity and adverse outcome.

Conduct disorder (in children) is a common and disabling disorder that causes many problems for teachers, families and even children and may also lead to social complications. This disorder has some negative impact on adolescents' educational, social and professional performance. This disorder will increase the possibilities of suffering from emotional problems, abusing drugs, anxiety attacks, mood and neurology for the individual in Iiis adult life .

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare attachment style in adolescents with conduct disorder and normal adolescents in Tehran.

Methods: The sample consisted of 73 students with conduct disorder (33 girls, 40 boys) and 77 normal students (39 girls, 38 boys) who were selected through multi- stage sampling method from guidance schools in Tehran.

For data collection Attaclunent of Collins and Read Questionnaire, (CSI4) and a researcher -made questionnaire were used.

Results: Data analysis revealed that attaclunent style in students with conduct disorder were more avoidant and ambivalent , (p<0/001), whereas attaclunent style in normal students was more secure and less avoidant or ambivalent (p<0/001).

Conclusion: Generally, it can be stated that attaclunent style plays an important role in incidence of conduct disorder.

P365- Effectiveness of Parent Education Program on Reducing Students' Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms (ODD)

ZeinabHoseinjanzade (M.A)1, MokhtarMalekpor (Ph.D)' ,SalarFaramarzi (Ph.D)3.

1. Correspondent author: M. A in children with spesial needs university of Isfahan

2. Profesorin children with special needs, university of Isfahan

3Assistant professor in children with special needs, university of Isfahan

Email address: s.hoseinzade884(a)y ahoo.com

Introduction: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is the most common disorder of preschool children, with prevalence of 4.0% to 16.8%, depending upon diagnostic procedures and level of impairment required for diagnosis.

Objective: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of parental education program on reducing symptoms in children with (ODD).

Method: This was an experimental study with pretest- posttest and control group. Statistical population was all 7 to 9year old students in Isfahan during 2011 to 2012. Among this population 60 students were identified as having ODD. The sample of this study was 30 students who were randomly selected and divided in to two experimental and control groups. Then Eyberg Parent Education Program was employed on the experimental group.

Results: Covariance analysis revealed a significant difference between mean score of experimental and control groups (P0.001).

Conclusion: The results indicated that parent education program has a positive effect on decreasing ODD symptoms in students.

P366- Effectiveness of Emotional and Mental States Training on Relational Aggression, Overt Aggression and Prosocial Behaviors in 6-10 Years Old Children

Susan Alizadeh- Fard1 , Ravhane Sadat Rouhani2

1. Corresponding author : Psychologist, PhD, Psychology Department, Payame Noor University.

2. Psychologist, MSc, Psychology Department, Allameh Tabatabaee University.

Email: salizadehfard&gmail. com

Objective: Recent studies have shown that social intelligence is necessary for both prosocial and antisocial behavior. However, some experts believe that aggressive behavior occurs with different reasons and the roles of mind reading abilities are different in different types of aggression. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mental and emotional states training on relational aggression, overt aggression and prosocial behaviors in 6-10 years old children.

Method: This was a semi experimental study with pretest- posttest and control group. In this study, 48 girls and boys with the age range of 6-10 were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Then Raven's Test and Peer Nominational Scale were administered as pretest. All children were divided in to experimental (n=23) and control groups (n=25) after being matched by age and intelligence. The experimental group was provided with emotional and mental states training for 10 sessions during 5 weeks, but the control group did not receive any training. Peer Nominational Scale was administered as a post test for the two groups after the training period.

Results: Covariance analysis was applied for pretest and post-test data. Findings showed that emotional and mental states training did have a significant effect on the experimental group, and reduced only overt aggression but did not have any significant effects on relational aggression or prosocial behaviors.

Conclusion: According to the results, children's inability to identify and understand mental and emotional states of others, caused overt aggression but it can be reduced by training. On the other hand, relational aggression and prosocial behaviors developed based on emotional intelligence skills, so providing training to reduce them would not be effective.

P367- The effect of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on decreasing of aggression in elementary school students

Somavehrajabpour1 , Fatemehjahanshahi1

'Corresponding author :M.! in psychology and educating exceptional children

*Email:simarajabpour(a\vahoo.com

Introduction: cognitive-behavioral play therapy is one of approaches children psychotherapy in with itself active accompany, while playing , new models cognitive and behavioral was learning to the children and it prepared learning and practice of this models by this game for them.

Objective: The purpose of study was efficacy the effect of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on decreasing of aggression in elementary school students.

Methods: ansemi experimental research design was used which lias utilized in case of a pretest- posttest design with control group, thirty aggressive 8-12years old boys was recruited using accessible proportional stratified sampling and randomly assigned to play therapy and control group (15in each).the group members evaluated before 14 training sessions using the overt and rational aggression among elementary school children, subject in the play therapy group had cognitive-behavioral play therapy during 14 sessions twice per week, and no intervention was taken in the control group, eight week post test were done, data were analyzed using analyse of covariance and two sample t-test.

Results: the results showed that cognitive-behavioral play therapy had effect on the experimental group in decreasing of aggression on elementary school students.

Conclusion: These finding indicated the efficiency of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on decreasing of aggression in elementary school students.

P368- Study of the Rate of Behavioral and Emotional Problems of School Children with Hyperactive, Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorder

Nasim Esteki-Azad1

1 \I.! Graduate student of Psychology and education of children with special needs, Depatment of Bihavioral Sience & Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.

Mail: Azad.psy&gmail. com

Objective: The present study was carried to study the rate of behavioral and emotional problems of school children with hyperactive, oppositional defiant and conduct disorder.

Methods: The sample consisted of forty-five children with hyperactive, oppositional defiant and conducts disorder. The study instruments were the Strength & Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) test, CSI-4 for school children, and interview by a specialist in child psychiatric diagnosis.

Results: Data were analyzed using the Multi-variable Analysis of Variance Method (MANOVA). The results demonstrated a significant difference between the three groups of children with disruptive behavior disorder in emotional problems, disruptive conduct disorders, hyperactivity/inattention, interpersonal problems and prosocial behaviors.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, by appropriate treatment techniques such as behavioral therapy, family therapy, individual psychotherapy and amending the child's enviromnent, can reduce the amount of emotional and behavioral problems in these children and improve their social skills and ability.

P369- Assessment of Sex Differences in Delinquency

Eflekhar Hamid iGholam Reza Manshaee", Mahbobeh Sadat Fadavi1 Narges Fathiahmadsarie 4, Sanaz Ashkan4

1. PhD student, Department of Psychology, Isfahan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Isfahan, Iran

2. Assistance Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

3. Assistance Professor, Department of administration, Isfahan Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

4. PhD student, Department of Psychology, Isfahan Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University Isfahan, Iran

Email :Ef.Hamidi&yahoo. co. uk

Objectives: The present study investigated sex differences in delinquency. Although the correlates and causes of delinquency, psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) have been the subject of extensive investigation until recently researchers have almost exclusively focused on males. As a consequence, relatively little is known about psychopathy and ASPD in females.

Methods: This study was designed to determine sex differences in delinquency. Data were collected from delinquent boys and girls aged 14-17 years (31 girls and 39 boys) at the center for social development of adolescents. Information was coded systematically using MMPI2. The adolescents were grouped by gender and compared according to their answers to MMPI2 questionnaire.

Results: T-test showed no differences in personality factors between boys and girls, but girls highlighted conversion disorder in MMPI2.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that there are no personality differences between girls and boys. Furthermore, as girls highlight conversion disorder, there is a need for developing different social programs for boys and girls.

P370- Effects of Teaching Advanced Parenting Methods on Children's Behavioral Problems and Family Problem Solving

Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta1 , Saeed Akbari Zardkhaneh', Marvam Mahmoodi3

1. Corresponding author: Associate Professor, University of Tehran.

2. Ph.D. student, Allameh Tabatabaei University.

3. Graduate student, University of Tehran.

Email: ms-yekta(a\uiowa. edu

Introduction: Problem solving skill is one of the basic components in dealing with everyday life problems. Children's problems and family crisis can be prevented by problem solving training. In this regard, some specialists designed and implemented problem solving workshops for parents and children.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the workshops titled "Educating thinkful Child" in which problem solving strategies have been taught to mothers.

Methods: In these workshops, children are trained for understanding feelings and opinions of others, as well as their motives, finding multiple solutions to a problem considering the consequences of their action and sequential planning by utilizing a number of lessen plans. The study sample group included 38 mothers of children who were studying in some private schools in Tehran. These workshops were held in nine 2-hour sessions once a week by experienced instructors. The current study is a quasi-experimental research with pretest - posttest design without control group. Data were collected using Children's Behavioral Problems Questionnaire and Family Problem Solving Scale.

Results: Findings indicated a significant effect on reducing children's behavioral problems; however, there was no significant effect in the area of family problem solving. It seems that findings of this research can be used as an effective intervention for reducing children's behavioral problems.

Conclusion: Finally, discussion and conclusions, limitations and recommendations for future research are presented.

P371- Investigating Aggression in Elementary Students According to Academic Achievement

Khatoon Pourmaveddat1 , Vahlde Salah', Lila Gashtasb3, Fatemhe keshavarz4' Razieh Ahrami5 and Mojgan Shooshtari6

1 Corresponding author'.Psychology Department, Ρay am Noor UniversityBushehr, Islamic Rpublic of Iran

2 Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children. Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.

3 Pavam Noor University. Kazeroon, Islamic Rpublic of Iran

4 Pavam Noor University. Kazeroon, Islamic Rpublic of Iran

5 Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children. Islamic Republic of Iran

6. Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children. Islamic Republic of Iran

EMail :payame 51 (cfyahoo. co

Introduction: Studies show that problems such as dropping out of school, juvenile delinquency, depression, feelings of inferiority and other behavioural disorders can be observed more in students who experience educational failure at school.

Objectives: The purpose of the research was to study the aggressive behaviour of students who experienced academic failure.

Methods: The participants of this study were 152 elementary school students (males & females) who were selected based on random cluster sampling method. The Aggression Questionnaire (Shahim, 1386) was used. For the amount of academic achievement. students were ranked into four groups by teachers: excellent, good, average, and poor.

Results: One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference among students with different ranks in the amount of overt aggression (F = 15.11, Ρ <000), relational aggression (F = 2.81, Ρ <04), reactive aggression (F = 3.03, P<0.03), and total aggression (F = 11.49, Ρ <000).

Conclusions: According to the research findings, students who were ranked in a high level based on educational status showed less aggressive behaviour.

P372- Evaluation of Some Factors Correlated with High Risk Behaviors in High School Adolescents of Yasoujin 2010

Mohammadi A1 , Kher amine S2, Hosseini SF3, Arjomandi A4, Ghaderi F5, GhaffarianShirazi H6, and Hashemi Ν7

1- Corresponding author: Assistant professor of psychiatry, psychiatry group, faculty of medicine, Yasouj University of medical sciences.

2- Assistant professor of psychology, psychiatry group, faculty of medicine, Yasouj University of medical sciences.

3- PHD student of psychology, Azad University of Karaj.

4- General practitioner, Yasouj University of medical sciences.

5- Specialist of internal medicine, Yasouj University of medical sciences.

6- Assistant professor of Biostatistics, epidemiology & biostatistics group, faculty medicine, Yasouj University of medical sciences.

7- Assistant professor of psychiatry, psychiatry group, faculty of medicine, Yasouj University of medical sciences.

8-

*email: [email protected]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between individual and familial factors and high risk behaviors in adolescents of Yasouj.

Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional, descriptive study. Five hundred students (250 girls and 250 boys) aged 14-19 were selected among the high school students of Yasouj using cluster sampling method. Demographic data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire, and high risk behaviors with Youth Asset Survey Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using general indexes of descriptive statistics and chi-square test.

Results: This study showed that boys had significantly more high risk behaviors in Individual immunity subscale. (pO.OOOl), but the difference between boys and girls in violence subscale and substance abuse (nicotine, opioids, anabolics, alcohol and stimulants) was not statistically significant. Also, boys had less information about AIDS than girls. (p<0.005) There was no statistically significant difference between father's job and each of high risk behavior subscales. The relationship between mother's occupation and substance abuse (nicotine, opioids, anabolics, alcohol and stimulants) was statistically significant (p<0.005).Also, there was a significant relationship between father's level of education and violence. The relationship between mother's level of education and violence, substance abuse and information about AIDS was statistically significant. (p<0.005)

Conclusion: This study showed importance of gender and mother's characteristics on the incidence of high risk behaviors of adolescents.

P373-The Effect of Action Cartoons on the Aggression of Pr-elementary Children

Effat Sadat Robatjazi1*, Fatemeh Faramarzi2, Hamidreza Hassanabadi 3

1. Corresponding author: M.A. in Educational Psychology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran

2. M.A. in Educational Psychology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran

3. Department of Educational Psychology, Trabiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran

Email: robatjazi4591@yahoo. com

Objective: In the last years, it was assumed that TV influences its audience on different psychological, social, cultural and political aspects. Moreover, it affects people's knowledge and understanding of issues and events.

Method: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of action cartoons on T.V channels on the aggression of pre-elementary children. The statistical society was all children (girls & boys) in kindergartens of Karaj in 2009 - 2010.Then, using random sampling method, 80 subjects (girls & boys) were selected as a sample group. To measure the extent of aggression of subjects, the quasi-test (pre- test, post- test plan with control group) was conducted. The Aggression Measurement Questionnaire Seyedi - 2000 was used .

Result: The results showed that action cartoons increased the aggression of pre- elementary children. However, no difference was observed with regard to gender (girls & boys). In conclusion, watching violent scenes on TV can increase aggression in children.

P374- An Investigation of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Attachment Styles in Delinquent and Normal Adolescents and Their Parents

Mahboobeh Abasian1 ,Seyedeh Monavar Yazdi2, Roshanak Khodabakhsh3,Mahdis Maghsudloo4

1. Corresponding author:MA in Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

2.PHD in Psychology,Assistant Professor, Alzahra University Tehran, Iran.

3.Assistant Professor, Alzahra University Tehran, Iran.

4.MA in Psychology, Tarbiyat Modares University, Tehran,Iran.

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Schemas and attachment styles are basic factors in construction of our personality. Both insecure attachment style and early maladaptive schémas (EMS) have been associated with mental health difficulties and family has an important role in forming them. Quality of attachment relations between adolescents and their parents may be related to EMS as well as to develop delinquent behavior.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess whether there is a correlation between attachment styles and EMS in delinquent and normal adolescents and their parents.

Method: Participants were 100 delinquent adolescents (75 boys, 25 girls), and 100 normal adolescents (65 boys, 35 girls) with age range of 15-18 and their parents. The method of sampling for delinquent adolescents was available sampling, and for normal adolescents was cluster random sampling. All participants (adolescents and their parents) were asked to complete Yung Early Maladaptive Schema Inventory Short Form (SQ-SF) and Reed Attachment Style Scales (RASS). Data were analyzed by two way ANOVA.

Results: Results showed that all EMS in delinquent and normal adolescents except social isolation and unrelenting standards have a significant relation with attachment styles (p<0/001). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between parents attachment styles and social inhibition subscale of EMS (p<0/001).

Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that EMS and attachment styles can predict delinquent behaviors in adolescents, and parents attachment styles is one of the factors that can be effective in developing EMS in delinquents. Therefore, to prevent crime, we should pay special attention to parents-children especially from childhood.

P375- The Effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence Education on Diminishing Aggressiveness among Juvenile delinquents in Kermanshah Correction Center

Hassan Rezaei1, HabibollahTabibpoor2, Maryam Akbari Motlaq3

1. MA in general psychology, Payamenooruniversity,

2. PHDin medicine

3. MA in general psychology, Islamic Azad university torbatjaam branch

*Emai I: rezaei. hassan@gmail. com

Introduction: Aggressiveness as a type of rage emotion is one of the most crucial problems associated with others particularly in reformatories; and researches have shown that emotions can be managed using intelligence education.

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence education to diminish aggressiveness among juvenile delinquents in Kermanshah Correction Center.

Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical society consists of 48 juvenile delinquents in Kermanshah correction center. After responding to Bass Aggressiveness questionnaire (1992), 30 subjects whose point was over the mean were selected and divided into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group received emotional intelligence training using Bradberi and Graves Protocol (2003) over 10 sessions through 2 months. After trainings, both groups were retested using Bass& Berry Aggressiveness Questionnaire. The research data were analyzed using descriptive statistical indices (mean and standard deviation) and inferring statistic of covariance analysis.

Results: Data analysis indicated that aggressiveness significantly decreased in the experimental group after receiving emotional intelligence education in a communal method.

Conclusion: Considering the findings, it can be concluded that communal emotional intelligence education is an effective method for decreasing aggressiveness among juvenile delinquents.

P376- Can Crime be Prevented by Environmental Design to Improve Social Security for Families?

SoosanShirazi1 ,ElhamShirazi2

1. Corresponding author: Architect Μ. ?., Faculty of Architecture and U rban Planning, ShahidBeheshti University, Tehran, Iran,

2.Child and adolescent psychiatrist, Mental Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

*E-mail: so.shirazi@mail. sbu. ac. ir

Introduction: According to learning theory, physical environment has an important role in the experiences of human beings and thus can have the potential to alter their behavior.

Objective: Proper design and effective use of the environment can reduce crime and fear of crime, and improve quality of life.

Methods: A literature review on this issue was performed and presented.

Results: Crime has four dimensions: offender, target, place, and law. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a multidisciplinary approach to deter criminal behavior through environmental design. Researches show that the decision to offend is more influenced by cues to the perceived risk of being caught than by cues to reward or ease of entry. CPTED strategies enhance the perceived risk of detection and apprehension by manipulating the environment in which those crimes proceed from or occur. Some of the most common CPTED strategies are:

1. Natural Surveillance or Natural Guardianship: This occurs by designing the environment in such a way that maximize visibility, and foster social interaction among legitimate users of the place.

2. Natural TerritorialRein forcement: This strategy creates a sense of ownership which in turn creates an environment where strangers or intruders are more easily identified.

3. Natural Access Control: This limits the opportunity for crime by clearly differentiating public, semipublic, and private spaces.

4. Maintenance: The "Broken Windows Theory" is a valuable tool in understanding the importance of maintenance in deterring crime. Deterioration indicates less monitoring and control by the intended users of a site, and specifies a greater tolerance of disorder, and sends the signal that one can engage in criminal behavior with little risk of detection. The sooner broken windows are fixed, the less such vandalism will occur.

5. Promotion of Pedestrian and Bicycle Traffic

6. Promotion of Lightening: Dark, un-crowded, hidden places are proper areas for crime.

Conclusion: CPTED is not a panacea for crime but can be an important complementary tool in deterring offender's behavior, and increasing social security for individuals and families.

P377- Personal Characteristics and the Causes of Deviant Behavior among Delinquent Adolescents Compared to their Non-delinquent Counterparts

Nahid Babaee Amiri ßdA)1 ,Esmat Fazeli (PhD in clinical psychology)2,Saeed Torfi (MA)2

1 .Islamic Azad University Shahre-Ray branch

2.Islamic Azad University Andimeshk branch

Deviant behavior is one of the most important social problems that may be conducted by adolescents with distinct personal characteristic. Considering the importance of the issue, the major aim of this research was to study personal characteristics and causes of deviant behavior among delinquent adolescents compared to their non-delinquent counterparts. The study was conducted in Ahvaz, the capital city of Khuzestan province in the South of Iran. The sample included 120 male adolescents who were randomly selected; half of them were delinquent. Research instrument was a pen and pencil questionnaire ("Assessment of Personal Characteristics of Adolescents") which was developed by Brown Roiter in 1989. Data were analyzed through student's t test for the two independent groups by SPSS package. The findings demonstrated significant differences between the delinquent adolescents and their non-delinquent counterparts. The first group showed more neurosis, were more introverted, and had positive attitude towards sovereignty. Further, they had low self- reliance, low self-esteem, and poor social skills. These results are consistent with previous research findings and confirm other investigators' conclusions in this area, indicating that personal characteristics, which normally develop under the child rearing conditions, have an important role in adolescents' deviant behavior.

P378- The Effectiveness of Communal Therapy Cognitive- Behavioral Educations on Decreasing Aggressiveness among Delinquent Juveniles

HassanRezaei1, RezaAkbarei2, Mohsen Dareke3, MaryamAkbariMotlaq4

1. MA in general psychology, Payamenooruniversity,

2. MA in general psychology, Payamenooruniversity

3. MA in general psychology, Payamenooruniversity

4. M.A in general psychology, Islamic Azad university torbatjaam branch

*rezaei.hassan88@gmail. com

Introduction: Aggressive behavior is one of the essential social problems in all societies.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of communal therapy cognitive- behavioral educations on decreasing aggressiveness among delinquent juveniles.

Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical society consisted of 50 delinquent juveniles in correction center of Kermanshah. Using Izenq Aggressiveness Testing, 30 of those obtained a score higher than the mean were selected as samples. They were then randomly divided into two experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). Then experimental group members were instructed with communal therapy cognitive- behavioral education using Michel free protocol (2006).The two groups were retested by Izenq aggressiveness test. Data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistical indices and inferential covariance analysis.

Results: The results of analyses revealed that aggression decreased in the experimental group.

Conclusion: Considering the findings, we can conclude that communal therapy cognitive- behavioral educations instruction is effective in diminishing aggressiveness among delinquent juveniles.

P379- Comparison of Parenting styles of Parents of Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder(ODD) and Parents of Normal Children

Shima hirbod''AhmadAbedi2

1. Master student of psycho logykhorasgan (Isfahan)Branch ,Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Jran

2. AssistantProfessor, PsychologyDepartment,Faculty of educational Science University of Isfahan ,Iran Email: [email protected]

Objective: The aim of the current research was to compare parenting styles of parents of children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and parents of normal children.

Method: The research design was ex- post facto. The statistical population consisted of students at the third grade of primary school in Isfahan during 2009-2010. The sample consisted of 30 students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and 30 normal students (without Oppositional Defiant Disorder) selected from third grade students of primary school in Isfahan. They were selected by multi stage random cluster sampling method. Instruments were Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale, and Baumrind Parenting Styles Inventory and Clinical Interview. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

Result & Conclusion: Findings demonstrated a significant difference between the two types of Authoritarian and Authoritative parenting styles. Parents of children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder used Authoritarian style, and Parents of normal children used Authoritative style.

P380- The Role of Mental Health and Family Characteristics in Adolescents' Delinquency

Esmat Fazeli1 ,Saed Torfi1,Faeshad Mahnegar1

1 .Islamic Azad University Andimeshk branch

EMail: [email protected]

Objective: The major aim of the present study was to study the role of mental health and family characteristics in adolescents' delinquency.

Methods: The sample included 40 delinquent adolescents under the age of 18 who were identified and arrested by social security service of And imeshk (a city in South of Iran, Khuzestan) in academic year of 2011-2012. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was used to collect data. This research approach with face validity equal to /80 was introduced by Goldberg in 1927 for identifying mental disorders in non-psychotic people. Pearson correlation coefficients were used through SPSS package for analyzing the data.

Results& Conclusion: The findings revealed a significant negative relationship between adolescents' mental health and their delinquent behavior. Further, family characteristic shad a major role in adolescents' social behavior (either delinquent or skillful behaviors). The results are consistent with previous research findings and confirm other researchers' conclusions.

P381- Comparison between attachment style and Characteristic in delinquent adolescent and normal in sanandaj

Khanjani Zanab

*Email: [email protected]

The aim of this study was to compare the attachment styles and personality dimensions of delinquent and normal adolescents. In a causal comparative study, 28 delinquent adolescents were selected through accessible random sampling method, and 60 normal adolescents were selected through simple random sampling method. Then, they completed Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised (EPQ-RS) and Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Scale. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The findings indicated that the two groups were significantly different in attachment styles and personality factors. Delinquent adolescents had lower scores in secure attachment (p<0/05) style compared to normal adolescents. Also, delinquent adolescents had higher scores in avoidance (p<0/05) and ambivalent (p<0/01) attachment styles and neuroticism (p<0/01), extraversion (p<0/05) and psychoticism (p<0/01) personality factors compared to their normal counterparts.

P382- The Efficiency of Narrative Therapy on Decreasing Aggression in Adolescent Boys

Laleh Babanazari1, Turan Aghaie2

1.PhD of psychology, fars education organization

2.farseducatin organization

E-mail address: [email protected].

Objectives: Narrative Therapy is a method of therapy that attempts to separate the person from the problem. Objectives: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of narrative therapy on decreasing aggression in adolescent boys.

Method and Materials: Two hundred forty first and second grade guidance school students of Farashband completed the Aggression Questionnaire. Then, 35 subjects who were suspected to have aggression were randomly assigned in to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 6 sessions of Narrative Therapy, but the control group received no treatment.

Results: The results of data analysis (ANCOVA) revealed that Narrative Therapy significantly decreased aggression in adolescent boys.

Conclusion: Narrative Therapy decreases aggression in adolescent boys.

P383- The Study of Behavioral Problems of Preschool and Primary School Children Based Demographic Variables

Amir Ghamarani, Hamid. Kazemi,NasrinBehnamnejad, Mahnaz John Nesari

Introduction: Behavioral problems are one of the most important factors that are influenced by family's mental health and child- parent relationship.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the behavior problems of preschool and primary school Children in Isfahan. Also, the relationship between demographic variables (age, maternal age, maternal education and number of children) and the prevalence of behavioral problems as a secondary goal was determined.

Material and Methods: In line with the above objective, the parents of 156 children (70 female, 86 male) of preschool and primary schools (36 preschools and 120 primary schools) responded to theStrengths and Weaknesses Questionnaire (Goodman 1997);this scale has a good psychometric properties in Iran and contains 5 subscales (4 to assess weaknesses and one to assess strengths ).

Results: The result revealed that hyperactivity was significantly higher inboys(P <0/01 and df = 159 and t = -2/56). Also, desire behavior of primary school children was significantly higher than preschoolers (P <0/01 and df = 154 and t = -2/65). The pattern of behavioral problems in children, according to forecasters variables demographic, showed that only the two variables of age and age had the most power to predict the desire behavior (Ρ = 0/001 and Fl = 10/76 and R1 = 0/25). In this regard, in the first step, the child's age (R1 = 0/25) and in the second step the two variables combined ,e.g child's age and maternal age, (P = 0/001 and R = 0/30 ) had higher predictive power. Other demographic variables did not have a significant predictive power.

Conclusion: The result of this study magnified the role of age and gender differences of children and maternal age in the study of behavioral problems.

P384- The Effectiveness of Poem Therapy on Verbal and Behavioral Aggression of Female Adolescents

SimaGhoclrati, PHD of counseling

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of poem therapy on verbal and physical aggression of female adolescents. At first this method was used by Griefer. Poem therapy helps people to realize suppressed emotions and catharsis. Poem therapy has three models: a) receptive/prescriptive; b) expressive/creative; and c) symbolic/ ceremonial.All the three models were used in this research. This was a semi experimental study with pre- and post-tests. The population included all female adolescents in Tehran's high schools. The sample consisted of 24 students who were selected randomly by multistage sampling method. The instrument used in this research was Conflict Tactics Scales (CT).

After applying the instrument, 24 students who had scores over the standard level in CT (15 or more) and scores over 5 in verbal and physical subscales were selected randomly as subjects. Then, they were placed in to equal groups of experimental and control. Both groups took the pre and post- tests. The results indicated that group therapy on the basis of poem therapy leads to reduction of verbal and physical aggression.

P395- Effect of Attachment-Based Therapy on Behavioral Problems in Girls with Attachment Problems

BahadoriM.H,Jahanbakhsh, AmiriSh, Molavi H

Objective: Multidimensional and complex nature of children s behavioral problems requires assessment and usage of modern treatments. The present study investigated the effects of attachment-based therapy on behavioral problems (depression, hyper anxiety and oppositional defiant) in primary school girls with attachment problems.

Materials and Methods: This was an empirical study with pretest-posttest and control group. The target samples were 34 individuals of 388 second and fourth grade students of primary school who had highest scores on attachment problems and behavioral problems (depression, hyper anxiety and oppositional defiant). Evaluation was implemented using Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire (RADQ) and Ontario Mental Health Test. Mothers received 10 group sessions of attachment-based intervention, and its effects were investigated in their daughters' behavioral problems (depression, hyper anxiety and oppositional defiant).

Results: General scores (depression, hyper anxiety and oppositional defiant) of the experimental group was compared with the control group, and showed significant decreases in posttest and the three months follow up. Attachment based therapy can explain in order 0/38, 0/50, 0/27 & 0/72 of changes in the total score of behavioral problems in posttest and 0/50, 0/53, 0/33 & 0/85 of the changes in the follow up.

Conclusion: The attachment based therapy which was offered to mothers of girls with attachment problems was effective in reducing behavioral problems (depression, hyper anxiety and oppositional defiant) and symptoms in their children, and the mothers continuing attention to the interventional method lead to more improvement in the follow up evaluation.

P386-The Effectiveness of Assertiveness Training on Adolescents' Aggression Level and Social Adjustment

ZabihiZarin

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of assertiveness training on adolescents' aggression level and social adjustment. From 60 students of a Boarding school in Fars province, 30 students were selected and placed in to two experimental (n= 15 girls; mean age: 14.17) and control groups (n= 15 girls; mean age: 14.17). The two following tools were used for pretest and posttest: Buss and Perry aggression Questionnaire (with 4 subscales of anger, physical and verbal aggression), and Resentment and Suspicious(Samani,2010)Questionnaire. The social adjustment rate was measured using California Personality Inventory. After pretest,the experimental group received 60-minute of assertiveness training nightly for 3 weeks, while the other group did not receive any intervention. The results of ANCOVA analysis revealed that assertiveness training program was effective in reducing anger, physical-verbal aggression and antisocial behavior level,and increasing family relationship in the experimental group. The results were discussed in the light of the related literature.

P387- The Relationship between Adolescents' Psychological Well-being and Personality Traits with Their Parents' Socio-Economic Status

Seyyedeh Samira Mousavi1 , Arefeh Owhadi2

1. Corresponding author: M.A. in Clinical Psychology, Teacher of Psychology, F asa University of Medical Science, Fars, Iran.

2. M.A. Student of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Fars, Iran.

Email: Moosavi.samira.66@gmail .com

Introduction: Environmental deprivations and lack of mental growth stimulants influence students' psychological characteristics and personality traits.

Objective: The main purpose of this research was to examine adolescents' psychological well-being and personality traits respecting to their parents' socio- economic status.

Methods: This correlational study was performed during first educational semester (2011). One hundred eighty adolescent students (86 girls and 94 boys) were selected via random ratio cluster sampling from Ahvaz high schools. Participants were asked to complete Mental Health Questionnaire (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) and a researcher- made socio-economic questionnaire. To analyze the data, t-test and correlation coefficient were employed.

Results: Results revealed a significant difference between psychological well-being and personality traits respecting to adolescents' socio-economic status.

Conclusion: By confirming the relationship between mental health, personality traits and socio-economic status, the present research may be helpful in devising preventive policies and programs for promoting adolescents' health.

P388- The Psychological Effect of Parenting Styles in Adolescents (a qualitative survey)

Faezeh Jahanpour1 , Sahar Gholami2, Parviz Azodf

1.Corresponding author: Faezeh Jahanpour, Assistant Professor in Nursing ,PhD ,Nursing Faculty , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences,Bushehr,Iran.

2. Nursing MS Student , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.

3. Paramedical Faculty,Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.

* Email : [email protected]

Introduction: Parental style is one of the most important factors that can affect adolescents' mental health in every culture.

Objectives: This study explored the relationship between parental styles and psychological disorder in adolescence.

Methods: An exploratory qualitative approach utilizing grounded theory methods was used. Purposeful sampling maximizes information, and provides rich description about the context .In depth interviews were undertaken with 5 adolescents. All interviews were tape recorded, and data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. Inform consent was obtained from the participants before data collection. Qualitative data analysis was used in this study.

Results: Three main themes emerged from the data: interpersonal relationship, restriction, psychological disorder.

Discussion: Analysis of the data indicated that adolescents' psychological disorder is due to unsuitable interpersonal relationships. Therefore, more attention is needed to enhance knowledge and attitude of parents regarding positive interpersonal relationship with their adolescent children.

P389- Relationship between Personality Traits and Probability of Drug Abuse

Tayebe Kashefi1

1. Corresponding Author : MSc in Clinical Psychology, Medical college of TorbatHeydarieh

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Psycho-Personality characteristics are not solely the result of drug abuse. Research in this regard shows that drug addicts usually suffer from several psycho-personality disorders before addiction. These disorders have appeared to be more destructive than the addiction itself. Therefore, the problem is not just addiction or the addict, but rather his/her personality.

Objective: The present study aims to search the relationship between personality traits and the possibility of drug abuse among university students.

Methods: In this descriptive-correlative study, 264 students were selected. A cluster- random selection method in several stages was used. The subjects were all Payam-Noor University students, studying at Torbate-Heydarieh Center in 2010-2012. Data were gathered using the Personality Questionnaire NEO, the short form with 60 questions (Haghshenas, 1385), and the Psycho- Health Questionnaire (Poor sharifi,1383). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test and regression analysis, using the SPSS software (version 16).

Results: In the three scales of "Flexibility, Being conscientious, and Being pleasant" the female students scored meaningfully higher than the male students. The correlation coefficients between the probability of drug abuse and its relationship with personality traits like neruse extroversion, flexibility, being conscientious, being pleasant shows that drug abuse has a negative relation with neruse and has a positive relation with extroversion, flexibility, and being pleasant. Only in the "sub-scale" being conscientious, no meaningful correlation was observed between the two variables.

Conclusion: The study of personality traits showed that drug abuse is under the influence of psycho- personality traits. Moreover, extrovert and flexible students need more care and instruction to prevent them from risky actions such as drug abuse.

P390- Prevalence of Smoking, Knowledge and Attitudes about Smoking in High School Boys in Borazjan

Hakimeh Abrakht1 , Elham Seidali2

1. Corresponding author : Senior Social Worker (MA in Social Work), Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

2. Research Deputy, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

Email:Abrakht_3 77@Yahoo. Com

Introduction : Smoking is one of the major causes of death and is a chronic disease that begins in adolescence. Because of the importance of this problem, ability to identify groups of children who are at risk of smoking may be effective in developing programs to prevent smoking.

Objective :This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of smoking and students' knowledge and attitudes about smoking, and offer practical solutions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 in the city of Borazjan. A number of students were selected by multistage sampling. A homogeneous, valid and reliable questionnaire was filled up by the selected students. The questionnaire contained demographic information, 12 questions about attitude, 17 questions to assess knowledge level, and 4 to evaluate performance. Then, data were analyzed using statistical tests.

Results :The results showed that 5.8% of students were smokers and 21.2% had cigarette smoking experience. Prevalence of smoking increased with the increase in educational levels, meaning that prevalence of smoking was 3.5% in freshmen high school students, and 7.4% in senior students. The most important trend in smoking habit of smokers was shown to be curiosity, entertainment, friends' persistence, and other reasons with prevalence of 48.5%, 56 %, 24% and 5% respectively. Students' knowledge about smoking hazards were 35% poor, 50% average, and 15% good. The subjects' attitude about smoking hazards were 7.2% poor, 43.7 % average, and 46% good.

Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of smoking experience and the need for educational programs and social intervention are important issues. It is recommended that authorities through media and scientific conferences provide adequate information to the public; and education authorities should provide training programs for youths and their families through group training and life skills classes to prevent this problem.

P391- Children's Overt Anxiety in Addict Families Compared to their Counterparts in Non-addict Families

Saeed Torfi1,Esmat Fazeli (PhD in clinical psycholoy''Jahanghir Mirzavand1

1 .Islamic Azad University Andimeshk branch

Childhood and adolescence are distinct developmental periods of human life. These periods are characterized by experimentations, explorations, and changes in biological, cognitive and social situations. In fact, these periods are key life-stages, capable of shaping health in adulthood.1 Considering the importance of these periods, the present study was designed to compare children's overt anxiety in addict families with their counterparts in non-addict families. The research was designed with a cross-sectional survey method. Data were collected in several elementary schools in Andimeshk, a city of Khuzestan province in South of Iran. 120 male and female students, 60 from addict families and 60 from non-addict families, were randomly selected. All subjects completed "Children's Overt Anxiety Scale" developed by Costend and colleagues in 1956, revised by Rainolds and Richmond in 1978. Data were analyzed through student's t test for two independent groups by SPSS package. The findings indicated that significant difference existed between children from addict families and non-addict families. The first group was experiencing overt anxiety significantly more than the second group. Also girls were confronting more overt anxiety, compared to the boys. These results are consistent with previous research findings and confirm other investigators' conclusions in this area, indicating that health of family and quality of child rearing may predict children's future life.

P392- Comparison of Achievement Motivation and Mental Health in Students with and without Addicted Family Members

Mehaddini H, Mohmmadilsfahani S, Moghadamnia M

*Email: hamid.psychologist@gmail. com

Introduction: Addiction is one of the social, biological and psychological general problems.

Objectives: The main aim of this study was to investigate achievement motivation and mental health between 100 Students with addicted family members and lOOStudents with non-addicted family members.

Method and Materials: The two groups were matched by gender, age and education. Both groups were asked to complete Achievement Motivation and General Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, and independent t-test.

Results: Results revealed a significant difference between the two groups in average scores of achievement motivation (pO.OOOl , t=-5/63).Also, there were significant differences between two groups in average scores of mental health (pO.OOOl , t= 14/87). Moreover, There was a significant correlation between these two variables in the study population ( r=0/23 , pO.OOOl).

Conclusion: Can be concluded that students with families of addicts are more likely to experience educational failure and poor mental health

P393- Substance Abuse in Maie Adolescents

Saba Hasanvandi1, Mahdi Valizade1, MahnazMehrabizade Honarmand2, Babak Masum3

1.MSc in clinical psychology, Azad university of quchan, Iran, Tel: [phone], email: hasanvandi 201 O&yahoo. com

2.Professor in clinical psychology, ShahidChamran University, Ahvaz: 09161183262, email: m_mehrabizade(a)y ahoo.com

3.Psychiatrist, Dar gaz, Iran

*email: hasanvandi201 O&yahoo. com

Introduction: Substance abuse can be a basis for other problems and destructive life styles. This issue is prevalent and in many male adolescents.

Objectives: This study aims to find the prevalence, pattern and socio-demographic risk factors of substance abuse in male adolescents.

Method and Materials: This study examined 380 male adolescents aged 7-16 in the rural and urban areas of Dargaz, Iran. Data were analyzed by Spss-18.

Results: Substance abuse was prevalent in 13.9% of adolescents; of whom, 8.9% were using various forms of tobacco and 5% were taking opium. While there was a statistically significant association between the substance abuse and the age group of adolescents and size of families, socioeconomic status, place of residence were associated with substance use. Most of the students reported initiation of substance use at 13 years of age due to peer pressure.

Conclusion: Peer education would be a useful strategy to communicate with adolescents to counter peer pressure. The prevention and control measures should be started at primary education level.

P394- The Relationship between Attachment Style and Social Development in Dyslexic and Normal Children

SedigheSafaie 1, HadisHosseinzade2

1. Corresponding Author: M.! in Educational Psychology, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran

2. MA in General Psychology, University of Welfare and Rehabiliation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: Safaie. s&hotmail. com

Introduction: Psychologist semphasize the relationship between children and caregivers, and assign these reciprocal reactions as a main base of affectional, cognitive and social development. Indeed, developmental health in each period is caused by some factors such as secure attachment.

Objective: The aim of this research was to study the relationship between attachment style and social development in dyslexic and normal children.

Methods: Thirty dyslexic and 30 normal male students in the fourth and fifth grade of primary school, during 2010-2011 academic years were selected for this study. Dyslexic children were selected from The Learning Disorder Center and normal children were selected from Semnan Primary School by random multi-phases cluster sampling method. The subjects completed Rey ven's Intelligential Test, Ronagi's Attachment Style Scale, and Winelend Social Scale.

Results: Results showed a positive relation between secure attaclunent style and social development in both groups. Meanwhile anxiety attaclunent style and social development were negatively associated in both groups as well as avoidant attaclunent style and social development in normal children. In addition, significant differences were found between the two groups in attaclunent style, social development and their relationship.

Conclusion: Consequently, attaclunent style could predict social development in both dyslexic and normal children, meaning more secure attaclunent can predict higher social development.

P395- Cochlear Implant and Following Rehabilitation:_Great Change in Hearing Impaired Children to Acquire Speech and Language

Marvam Delphi1 *, Alahsa Bakhit

1. PhD, Academic Member of Department of Audiology, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

2. MSc, Academic Member of Department of Audiology, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

E-mail: Delphi, marvam 1 (algmail. com

Introduction: Cochlear implantation (CI) is a suitable way to develop speech and language of deaf children. Although recent progress in cochlear implantation technology lias improved the ability of speech perception in cochlear implant subjects, cochlear implantation by itself is not enough and one cannot deny the critical role of consultation and aural rehabilitation._AVT (Auditory Verbal Therapy) is a systematic aural rehabilitation method which lias been designed based on the positive and critical role of families to enhance motivation in hearing impaired cliildren._Tliis approach uses different techniques, strategies and certain conditions to improve the acquisition process and expressive language (speech) provided through listening.

Objectives: Investigating the importance of AVT after cochlear implantation to improve speech and language acquisition in hearing impaired children.

Methods: A review of the latest literature on the rehabilitation methods in cochlear implant children was performed using SCIENCE DIRECT, PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, PROQUET, SCOPUS data bases and library sources from 1984-2012.

Results: The findings of 26 research papers and 30 review articles revealed that cochlear implant success depended on the subsequent rehabilitation and auditory training. The best method of auditory training is AVT which uses residual hearing and ensures effective communication.

Conclusion: Children who receive cochlear implant have access to all their residual hearing. These children learn language naturally, and their speech frequency spectrums are detected through the hearing system. If the scientific and professional rehabilitation of auditory - verbal therapy is executed correctly, a high percentage of deaf and hearing impaired children will be able to acquire exceptional and special communication skills.

P396- Enhancement of Dyslexia using a Multi- sensory Approach in Foots

Somayeh Nazari1, Alireza Balouti2

1.The Holy Prophet Higher Education Complex, Exceptional children Psychology. Ahvaz. Iran.

2.Department of Psychology Andimeshk ? ranch, Islamic Azad University, Andimeshk, Iran.

Email:psycho, mehr (cùyahoo. com

Introduction: Multi-sensory methods are known for their effective application for the treatment of reading abilities known as dyslexia.

Objective: Due to popularity of this method and little studies available, this study aiming to increase reading abilities, introduce the multi-sensory method with a particular focus on Kinesthetic and Tactile in foots.

Methods: After introducing the method, different methods of multi-sensory used by scholars in the field were introduced, with a particular orientation to the characteristics, abilities and deficiencies of children with reading disorders.

Results: The literature survey revealed that "Hopscotch Word Maker" has been introduced as an educational multi-sensory tool focusing on Kinesthetic and Tactile in foots to treat dyslexia children.

Conclusion: This study concludes that the use of "Hopscotch Word Maker" can be used as an effective alternative to facilitate dyslexia in children, as it engages sense of movement and touch in foots as well as the whole body in children.

P397- A Comparison between Students with Learning Disorder and Normal Students with Respect to Reaction Time, Attention Problem, and Short-Term Memory Measures

ParastooSheykh Esmaili1 , Ahmad Amani2, Fatemeh Bazvand1 ,Hojjat Esfandiari3

1.Corresponding author:Master's Student in Clinical Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

2.Assistant Professor atPsychology Group of University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

3.Master's Student in Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

*Email:parastoo. esmaili @gmail. com

Introduction: Learning disorder is a psychological pattern associated with students which -despite their normal appearance and intelligence- have problems in acquiring skills such as reading, writing, comprehension, and arithmetic calculations. The motivation behind this work is to better understand the capabilities of students with learning disorder; such understanding is crucial for designing tailored curriculums for these students.

Objective: The main goal of this research is to compare the capabilities of students with learning disorder with those of normal students using three well-known measures: reaction time, attention problem, and short-term memory.

Methods: This study had a subject population of 80 male elementary-school students in Sanandaj, Iran. Half of these subjects (40 students) were selected by a multi-step sampling from normal schools and the other half (40 students) were chosen randomly from dedicated exceptional students schools.

All subjects underwent three sets of tests: 1) Reaction Time Test; (both simple and choice variants) using a reaction time measurement machine; 2) The Stroop Test; and 3) the Wechsler Subscale Numerical Memory Test. Data were analyzed using three methods: descriptive statistics, Student's t-Testfor independent samples, and effect size.

Results: Based on the results of data analysis, statistically significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to short-term memory (t=15.27 , p<0.0001 , d=3.54), attention problem (t=- 2.11 , p<0.0001 , d=-0.47), choice reaction time(t=- 5.104 , p<0.0001 , d=-M¿), and simple reaction time(t=-5.264 , p<0.0001 , d=-1.17).

Conclusions: In summary, we observed that students with learning disorder differ significantly from normal students in their reaction time, attention, and short-term memory capabilities.

P398- The Impact of Direct Instruction on Learning Mathematical Concepts in Children with Mathematics Disorder

Bagher Ghobari-Bonab1,MohsenShokoohi

Yekta2Ahmad Sharif3,Abolfazl Rashidi Ahmad Abadi4*,Hojat Pirzadi5

1. Associated professor of psychologyand Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Iran.

2. Associated professor of psychologyand Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Iran.

3.M.A In Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Tehran,Iran.

4. Correspondent author: Ph.D In Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Tehran,Iran.

5. M.A In Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Tehran,Iran.

Email address: [email protected]

Introduction: Direct instruction (DI) is an organized and teacher-centered approach that focuses on details in instructional procedures. It is used in educational settings in teaching mathematics and reading instruction.

Objective: The present study examined the impact of Direct Instruction program on learning math concepts (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) in children with mathematics disorder.

Methods: Three students who referred to Malmir's learning disability center in Yazd were selected as subjects. The study tools were Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Revised (WISC-R), tests of mathematical concepts that was developed and validated by the researcher, and personal records of participants. Test of WISC-R was used for the differential diagnosis of mathematics disorder and mental retardation. Mathematics inventory was developed by research to assess students' math knowledge and skills during baseline data collection and evaluation of students' progress during the intervention phase.Data were collected using a single subject research design during baseline and intervention phases. After collecting the data on baseline conditions, DI program based on the content of elementary school math books was designed and provided for all three students.

Results: The results of the study showed that Direct Instruction program was effective in improving all the four math concepts (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) in the three students. Subjects reached the criterion level that was established in advance.

Conclusion: Based on the results of the current research, it was concluded that Direct Instruction program was effective in learning mathematical concepts by children with mathematics disorder. Therefore, teachers can use Direct Instruction program to remedy math problems in students with mathematics disorder.

P399- Investigation of Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Improving Visual Attention and Auditory Attention of children with Learning Disability

MozhganShooshtari1 , Ahmad abedi,Hamid Kamarzarrin3,Raziye Ahrami4, Khatoon

Pormaveddat4, Vahlde Salah5

1. Corresponding Author: Psychology of Exceptional child,Student of Phd,Isfahan University,Isfahan,Iran

2. Psychology,Phd,Isfahan University of Isfahan, Isfahan,Iran,

3. Psychology,Phd,Ρayame nor University,Iran,Karaj

4. Psychology of Exceptional child,A.MJsfahanUniversity, Isfahan, Iran

5. Psychology of Exceptional child,AM, Payame nor University,Iran,

Email:[email protected]

Introduction: Learning disabilities are one of the major and perhaps most controversial issues in education. One of the problems of children with learning disabilities is lack of attention and precision. Attention is focused on working to put in the brain and receive the basic characteristics of stimulus.

Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the of effects of aerobic exercise on improving visual attention and auditory attention of children with Learning disability Disorder.

Methods: Thirty children with learning disability disorder were randomly selected from primary school children population of Isfahan via random cluster sampling method, and were randomly assigned in to experimental and control groups (each group consisting of 15 children).The design was experimental and aerobic exercise was performed by the experimental group. The instruments were Neuropsychological Test of NEPSY, homework and Clinical Interview. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).

Results: Findings indicated that aerobic exercise can improve visual Attention and auditory attention of children with Learning disability Disorder.

Conclusion: Promoting aerobic exercise training is an effective approach in treating children with learning disabilities.

P400- A comparative Study of Social Maturity in Stuttered and Normal Children

Neda Esnaashari1, Ali Sayah2

1. Psychology, MA. Student, Department of Psychology & Education, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

2. General Practitioner, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Introduction: Delayed speech and stuttering are considered very important in children speech disorder. Fluency in speech is also necessary to achieve social maturity, and some children refuse to communicate due to lack of this feature.

Objective: Considering the importance of speech in achieving social maturity, the aim of this study was to compare social maturity in stuttered and normal children.

Method: This causal-comparative study was conducted on 12 stuttered children and 12 normal children (matched), using Winelend social maturity questionnaire. Data were analyzed by t test.

Results: Findings have shown that stuttered children had lower social maturity than normal children (p<0/05), and had lower social skills. Among the children with stuttering, girls had higher social maturity than boys, which means that girls have more skills in communication and more social growth.

Conclusion: Stuttering therapy in children has received little attention over the years, and if this disorder does not improve in children, it will cause them many problems when they face stressful and critical conditions in adulthood. Based on the results of this study, stuttered children do not achieve sufficient social maturity, compared to their age matched normal counterparts. It should be noted that these children do not refuse to speak in public because of their impaired speech shyness, and they could communicate with their peers to achieve desired social maturity.

P401- The Role of Optimism Training and Speech Therapy on Attribution Style and Symptoms of Stuttering in Children

Asadi imán1 ,Nikmanesh zahra1 ,zokaee elham1

1. Corresponding author: MS in General psychology University ofSistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.

*Email: iman. asadi.h@gmail. com

Introduction: Stutter is a common mental disorder of speech in all cultures, races and different social classes. Although the exact cause of stutter remains unknown, many factors can cause continuance and severity of this disorder. However, no cure has yet been found for stuttering.

Objective: The aim of this research was to examine the role of optimism education and speech therapy on attribution style and reducing symptoms and severity of stutter in children. Children's Attribution Style (CASQ) Questionnaire and Stuttering Severity Test (ssi-3) were used.

Method: Sample consisted of 45 boys with age range of 9 to 15 who suffered from stuttering. They were selected by census method from those children who were admitted to counseling centers in city of Sirjan. Subjects based on pre-test score of severity of stuttering and attribution style were matched in 3 groups, containing 15 persons in each group. The subjects were randomly divided in to two experimental groups, speech therapy and speech therapy with optimism training, and a control group. Experimental groups' workshops were run for 8 sessions. Independent t-test and one -way analysis of variance and post Hoc Tukey test were used for data analysis.

Results& conclusion: Results showed that the influence of optimism training with speech therapy is more than speech therapy alone in reducing the symptoms and severity of stutter. Also, optimism training leads to changes from pessimistic attribution to optimistic.

P402- of Hearing Deficits in Children with ADHD The Importance of Diagnosis

Rezvan Akbari Mani1 , Salime Jafari2

1. Corresponding author : MSc in Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan,Iran.

2. MSc in Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

*Email: rezvanakbari@gmail. com

Introduction: ADHD is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in children. Studies have shown that hearing loss (HL) and ADHD have a number of overlapping symptoms and behaviors in children. It is quite possible that undiagnosed or untreated HL is hidden under an ADHD diagnosis.

Objective: School behavior problems can be related to children's listening problems -conductive hearing loss due to middle ear disease or auditory processing problems- that sometimes went undetected. In this paper, we evaluated the importance of diagnosis of hearing impairment in children with ADHD.

Methods: According to the aim of this study, the Google Scholar database and Wiley Library were searched. With the keywords of ADHD and Hearing Impairments, the review articles, original articles (abstract and Ml text), the journal of child psychology, the journal of ear and hearing, the journal of pediatric psychology and international journal of audiology were reviewed from 1996 - 2007.

Results: Findings showed that children struggling with undiagnosed HL often exhibit similar behavior characteristics as those with ADHD. Academic performance, completing assignments, carrying out multistep directions, sustaining attention during oral presentations , the ability of listening and talking in high background noise, impulsiveness, appropriate responses to questions, keeping self esteem, and participating in social interactions can be problematic for children with either ADHD or undetected hearing loss.

Understanding how behavior problems can be related to listening problems can also provide range of strategies to effectively prevent and better manage behavior problems, and so provide a different framework to understand and respond to these children.

Conclusion: Management of hearing problems lead to decrease in classroom behavior problems, increase in the time of completing assignments for students and reduction of stress levels in teachers and provide this attitude that" because children do not hear the teacher's instructions, they fail to follow them ".

Every child diagnosed with ADHD or suspected of ADHD needs a hearing assessment; and therefore it is essential that hearing losses be properly diagnosed and treated to minimize the potential impact on the child's education.

P403- The Parenting Styles on Children's Stuttering

Newsha Shirani1 , Nafiseh Sadat Nekuei2, soheila mohammadi2

1. Corresponding author :Bachelor of Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

2. Faculty Members of Isfahan Medical Science University

Email: [email protected]

Objective: Stuttering is one of the Speech disorders that can be shown as pause, repetition, and stretching up to the onset of speech especially in small speech units, and can cause spoken language damage. Family plays an essential role in maintaining mental, social and physical health of children. Anxiety and stress can cause exacerbation of speech problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with this disorder, including parenting styles.

Method and Materials: Elsevier, PubMed, and Sid were searched to collect the related articles published from 2007-2012.

Results: Stuttering is mainly a special childhood phenomenon and ordinarily happens from speaking age up to 8 years of age. Physical, emotional, and social factors could cause stuttering. Parenting style plays a key role in mental health and speech of children. Unfavorable educational methods and parenting style can be source of fear, mistrust, feelings of dissatisfaction, pessimism and anxiety and may cause stuttering in children. Parenting style is commonly viewed along two dimensions: responsiveness and demandingness. Responsiveness, or care, refers to the degree of intimacy between parents and the child; while demandingness, or control, refers to the extent of disciplinary practice and behavioral standards of parents for their child. Based on these two dimensions, taxonomy of four main parenting styles has been identified which includes: authoritarian (high demandingness, low responsiveness), authoritative (high on both constructs), permissive (low demandingness, high responsiveness) and neglectful (low on both constructs) Child stuttering was mostly observed in authoritative families; anxiety can cause stuttering.

Conclusion: Parenting style play an essential role in providing mental speech health of Children. Stuttering should not cause any change in attitude of parents to children. The same social values, responsibilities, and behaviors that are expected from other children should be expected from children who suffer from stuttering. Because stuttering is more common in families with authoritarian parents, parents should receive counseling and training to alter their parenting style.

P404- The Impact of Teaching Phonemic Awareness by Means of Direct Instruction on Reading Achievement of Students with Reading Disorder

Hojat Pirzadi1 , Bagher Ghobari-Bonab2, Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta2- Saeed Hasanzadeh3- Ahmad Sharifi1.

1. Corresponding author: MA in Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Tehran, Iran.

2. Associated professor in Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran.

3. Assistant professor in Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Introduction: Phonemic awareness is one of the most important predictors of reading skills that has been taught by different procedures. One of the procedures is implementing Direct Instruction (DI) in instruction of phonemic awareness.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of direct instruction in phonemic awareness on reading achievement of students with reading disorder.

Methods: Three second grade male students at the elementary level with reading disorder in a regular school in the sixth district of the office of education in Tehran were selected. Multiple-baseline across subjects was selected as a research design. Reading and Dyslexia Test and WISC-R were used as diagnostic criteria. Moreover, a reading inventory consisting of 100 words was developed by researchers to assess the reading ability of the subjects. Data were collected in three phases: baseline, intervention, and follow-up. During the intervention phase, the intervention strategies were used while during the baseline and follow-up, data were collected without any intervention.

Results: The comparison of the three phases of the study revealed that the intervention package consisting of direct instruction of phonological awareness was an effective strategy in reading achievement of all the three students. In addition, follow-up data indicated that the effects of the intervention procedures were stable across time.

Conclusion: The results of the current study revealed that direct instruction of phonological awareness was effective in reading achievement of students with reading disorder in elementary schools and increased their abilities in reading.

P405- A Comparative Study of Spatial - Visual Imagery of Children with Learning Disabilities with Mean of Statistical Population

Somayeh Nazari1 , Haydar Sayahi2, Elham Kouti3

1 .Corrspending author : The Holy Prophet Higher Education Complex, Exceptional Children Psychology. Ahvaz, Iran.

2. Ahvaz Azad University, Exceptional Child Psychology. Ahvaz, Iran.

3.M.A Candidate of G eneral Psychology, Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. Ahvaz, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Spatial and visual imagery has a role in educational and intelligence function.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare spatial and visual imagery in children with learning disabilities with mean of statistical population.

Method: The study population consisted of all primary school boys with learning disabilities who were being studied in the educational and rehabilitation centers in Ahvaz city. This sample contained 30 male students with learning disability selected by random simple sampling. Kohs cube test was used to collect data. Obtained data were analyzed using sample t test, statistic method.

Results: The results showed that the mean of spatial and visual imagery of children with learning disability was significantly lower than the mean of statistical population.

Conclusion: Regarding the role of spatial and visual imagery in educational function like math, writing, and reading spatial and visual imagery, we recommend training on spatial and visual imagery for children with learning disabilities.

P406- Effectiveness of FurnaldMulti-Sensory Approach on Dyslexia Reading Performance of Primary School Children

Authors: Zahra Farshidfar1 , Masume Moodi2, Naghme Ataei3, Maryam Yavari4

1. Corresponding Author: MA in Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University ofBirjand, Iran

2. MA in Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Birjand, Iran

3. M.A inExceptional Children Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Birjand, Iran

4. MA in educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Birjand, Iran

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Impairment of reading is one of the special problems among children, and unfortunately students who learned a few lessons or had serious problems had been introduced by specific terms for so many years. As a matter of fact, these students are not able to read books on math, science, etc. due to their problem in reading.

Objective: The main aim of the present research was to consider the effectiveness of Fernald multi-sensory approach to improve the reading disorder of primary school students in Birjand.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with test-retest method. The study population contained all primary school students ofBirjand in 2012 that had a special sign of learning disorder. Two hundred forty people were identified and introduced to the Learning Disorder Center. Fourth-grade students were selected by cluster sampling method because they are more concerned with reading materials, and also because reading disorder is not diagnosed in early years of primary school. They were divided in to two experimental(n=10) and control(n=10) groups. Then the experimental group was trained during nine 45- minute sessions. The necessary Furnald multi-sensory method stages were explained in each session. In addition, data were analyzed by both Τ test method and SPSS software.

Results: The present study revealed that the average scores in reading and spelling of experimental group who received Furnald multi-sensory training were significantly higher than the control group. Also, the average scores of experimental group showed no significant difference between girls and boys.

Conclusion: Results showed that Furnald multi- sensory approach is effective in treating dyslexia reading and spelling disorder. Furthermore, this method has an identical impact on both boys and girls.

P407- The Effectiveness of Davis Dyslexia Correction Method on Improving Special Learning Disabilities

Hadi Zahednezhad1 'Stanza Vosoughi2 LaylaGolizadehBorhani

1.MA., General psychologist, Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2.MA., Clinical psychologist, Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3. MA. Educational psychology, Department of Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

*Email: [email protected].

Objectives: Introduction and purpose: One of the issues concerning learning which has been a topic of interest among researchers for a long time is problem of children with learning disabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the beneficial effects on integration of various Davis Learning Strategies in improving reading skills.

Materials and methods: This was an experimental study with pre-test, post -test and controls. The participants were 4 primary students who had referred to psychology and psychiatry department of Tabriz Red Cross Center (2males-2fmales). The students were matched on intelligence, dyslexia problems, parents' level of education and family's socio-economic status. Of them, two were randomly divided into the experimental group and received reading instructions for three months. The other two individuals continued learning with the method customarily used at the department.

Results: The result of comparing diagram of pre and post intervention indicated a significant difference between experimental and control groups.

Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated that Davis Dyslexia Correction Method may improve reading skill of the experimental group.

P408- Comparing Social Skills and Mental Health of Students with Learning Disabilities with their Normal Peers

Saed Torf1 ,Esmat Fazeli1 ,Nahid Babaei Amiri2

1 .Islamic Azad University Andimeshk branch

2.Islamic Azad University Shar e rey branch

*Email: [email protected]

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare social skills and mental health of students with learning disabilities with their normal peers.

Methods: The sample included eighty subjects (half of whom had learning disabilities) who were randomly selected among students enrolled in normal and/or special schools in Tehran in academic year of 2011- 2012. Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Matson's Social Skill Scale for Children (MSSSC) were used as study measures. Data were analyzed using t test for two independent groups by SPSS package.

Results& Conclusion: The findings indicated that significant difference existed between subjects with learning disabilities and their normal peers either in social skills or mental health. These results are consistent with previous research findings and confirm other researchers' conclusions.

P409- The Effect of Self-monitoring Training of Attention on Reduction of Spelling Errors of Primary School Students with Writing Disorder

F.Baezzat1 ,Razieh Eizadifard1

1: Assistantprofessor, Mazandaran University

E- mail: Baezzatl 2(a)gmail.com

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of self-monitoring training of attention on reducing spelling errors in male students with spelling disorder.

Method: This was aquasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design and control group. Research participants included 20 third grade elementary school students in the City of Tehran in academic years of 2009-10 who took identical tests (Wechsler children intelligence test, t and written disorder test). Then, they were selected randomly by random sampling method, and were randomly placed in to two experimental and control groups. Students in the experimental group received self-monitoring trainings of attention for ten 45-minute sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed through covariance analysis (ANCOVA).

Results: Results of covariance analysis showed that scores of the experimental group were higher in spelling errors posttest than the control group.

Conclusion: This research lias implications for parents, teachers and professionals who can use these strategies for improving writing efficacy of students with spelling disorder.

P410- The Effect of Vision Therapy on Reducing Reading Errors in Poor Readers

Sara Aghaei Sabet1, Hamid R. Pouretemad2 , Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur3, HamidrezaHassanabadi4

1. Master of Science, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, ShahidBeheshti University, GC, Tehran, Iran

2. Corresponding author'.Associated Professor, PhD, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ShahidBeheshti University GC, Tehran, Iran. Tel: [phone], Fax: [phone].

3. Associated Professor, PhD, Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.

4. Assistant Professor, PhD, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, TarbiatMoallem University, Mofateh St., Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: h-pouretemad&sb u. ac. ir&po uretemad&jricss. org

Introduction: Previous findings have shown that reading errors are related to visual deficiencies in children with reading difficulties.

Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate whether therapeutic intervention applied on such deficiency can reduce those reading errors.

Methods: In order to test this hypothesis, 10 poor readers (7 males, 3 females, mean age = 10.2) underwent comprehensive assessments of reading abilities and four basic visual functions, including: Distance (DVA), and near visual acuity (NVA), accommodation facility (AF), and saccadic eye movement (SEM), which were assessed monocularly and binocularly, using Snellen chart, reduced Snellen chart at 40 cm ±2.00 D lenses and fixation-refixation technique, respectively. The results were compared with a control group matched for sex, age and education. After 15 sessions (3 sessions a week, during 5 weeks) of intervention concentrated on AF and SEM, reading ability, AF and SEM were assessed again.

Results: The results yielded that improvement of visual functions was significantly accompanied with significant reduction of omission errors (p=0/04).

Conclusion: Accordingly, it can be concluded that vision therapy can be used as an effective treatment invention for improving reading problems in some children with reading difficulties.

P411- A Study of Emotional Disorder Factors that influence Dyslexia in Elementary Level Students in Arak

AbedMajidi1 Elahehsolevmani'EsmatDanesh3

1Corresponding author: MA. In counseling: ShahidBeheshti University

MA. In General psychology; Arak Azad University PhD in Clinical Psychology; ShahidBeheshti University

The purpose of the present study is to determine emotional disorders factors that influence dyslexia in elementary level students. Initially 105 students suspected of having dyslexia were chosen from the population of dyslexic students of third, fourth and fifth grades in Tehran through random multi stage cluster sampling. Seventy students were then selected after carrying out diagnostic tests (including Wechsler's Intelligence Scale, Reading Disorders Test). Then Rutters's Behavioral Questionnaire was used to assess co-morbid behavioral disorders.

Backward regression was used to determine the extent to which each predictor factor contributes to the prediction of target variables. Target variable consisted of reading accuracy, speed and comprehension while predictor variables consisted of anxiety-depression. hyperactivity-aggression, attention deficit, social maladjustment and antisocial behavioral. Result indicated that among emotional disorder variables, depression-anxiety, hyperactivity, aggression and attention deficit played a significant role in predicting dyslexia and its factors (reading speed, accuracy, and comprehension). Considering the findings, it is imperative to attend to designing and conducting combined therapeutic programs for dyslexic children suffering from co-morbid emotional disorders including anxiety-depression, hyperactivity-aggression and attention deficit.

P412- Comparison of Sequential Auditory Verbal Memory in Normal and Learning Disabled Students

BagherGhobariBonab, Ph.D1, Ali Akbar HaddadiKuhsarM.A2,Shirin Eyzadi M.A. 3

1Associate professor, University of Tehran, Faculty of psychology and education, Tehran, Iran,

2Clinical psychology, University of Tehran, Faculty of psychology and education, Tehran, Iran,

3. Clinical psychology, University of Tehran, Faculty of psychology and education in Special Education, Tehran, Iran,

*Email: [email protected]

Objective: The aim of the current study was to compare learning disabled and normal students in sequential auditory and verbal expressive memory.

Method: To fulfill the stated goal, 96 (48 learning disabled and 48 normal) students in grades three to five were selected from learning disabilities centers in Regions 6 and 11 in Tehran by simple and random sampling. The following measures were used as data collection tools: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised (WISC-R), and Sequential Auditory - Expressive Memory.

Results: Results of the analysis using analysis of variance indicated that Sequential Auditory - Verbal Memory in numbers and words were higher in normal students compared to learning disabled students.

Conclusion: Learning disabled students were lower in Auditory and verbal sequential memory than normal students.

P413- A Comparative Study of Spatial - Visual Imagery of Children with Learning Disabilities with Mean of Statistical Population

Somayeh Nazari1, Haydar Sayahi2, Elham Kouti3

1. M.A Psychology and training of exceptional children. The Holy Prophet Higher Education Complex, Exceptional children Psychology. Ahvaz, Iran.

2. M.A Psychology and training of exceptional children. Ahvaz Azad university, Exceptional children Psychology. Ahvaz, Iran.

3.M.Acandidate of General psychology, Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. Ahvaz, Iran.

*Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Considering the role of spatial and visual imagery in education and intelligence functions, the aim of this study was to compare spatial and visual imagery in children with learning disabilities with mean of statistical population.

Method: The study population composed of all primary school boys with learning disabilities who were being studied in the educational and rehabilitation centers in Ahvaz. This sample contained 30 boy students with learning disability who were selected by simple random sampling. Kohs cube test was used for data collection. The obtained data were analyzed using sample t test statistic method.

Findings: The results showed that the mean of spatial and visual imagery of the children with learning disability was significantly lower than the mean of the statistical population.

Conclusion: Regarding the role of spatial and visual imagery in educational functionssuch as math, writing, and reading spatial and visual imagery, providing training on spatial and visual imagery for children with learning disabilities.

P414- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children with Mathematics Disorder: A case study

AkramParand1, Maryam Nozari1, Tahereh Najafifard1

1. Department of Psychology of Exceptional Children, University of Tehran, Iran

*Email:[email protected]

Introduction: Language, reading, writing and mathematical is abilities are the most important kinds of learning disorder. Learning disability is one of the most prevalent disorders in childhood that psychologists need to pay special attention to. Even though many students have problems in math learning, many of them are not stricken with any mathematical disorder. In recent years, different approaches have been used in order to diagnose and treat mathematical disorders, and cognitive behavioral approach is one of them. According to research findings, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has an important role in treatment of mathematical disorders. Instruction of cognitive skills is important in this method and they present in self-instruction form and self-dialogue in order to facilitate problem solving. In this research, the student tried to diagnose the stimulus which was effective on her and changed them properly.

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy as an effective treatment on mathematical disorders treatment.

Method: Method of study was case study research. Data were obtained by clinical interview and psychological tests. In this research, an eleven-year-old student with mathematical disorder was treated by Combined Behavioral Cognitive method.

Results: The effect of CBT approach in decreasing the mistake rate of the student during 11 sessions was accentuated by pre-test and posttest method.

P415- Comparison of Sequential Auditory Verbal Memory in Normal and Learning Disabled Students

BagherGhobariBonab, Ph.D1, Ali Akbar HaddadiKuhsarM.A2,Shirin Eyzadi M.A. 3

1Associate professor, University of Tehran, Faculty of psychology and education, Tehran, Iran,

2Clinical psychology, University of Tehran, Faculty of psychology and education, Tehran, Iran,

3. Clinical psychology, University of Tehran, Faculty of psychology and education in Special Education, Tehran, Iran,

Email: [email protected]

Objective: The aim of the current study was to compare learning disabled and normal students in sequential auditory and verbal expressive memory.

Method: To fulfill the stated goal, 96 (48 learning disabled and 48 normal) students in grades three to five were selected from learning disabilities centers in Regions 6 and 11 in Tehran by simple and random sampling. The following measures were used as data collection tools: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised (WISC-R), and Sequential Auditory - Expressive Memory.

Results: Results of the analysis using analysis of variance indicated that Sequential Auditory - Verbal Memory in numbers and words were higher in normal students compared to learning disabled students.

Conclusion: Learning disabled students were lower in Auditory and verbal sequential memory than normal students.

P416- Religious Orientation and Marital satisfaction among Mothers of Mentally Retarted Children.

Qamarkiani1 ,MahvashMafe2

1 Corresponding author: Ph.D. Student in Health Psychology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan, Iran.

2. Ph.D. Student in Health Psychology,AzadLahigan University, Lahiganjran

Email:Kherad739@yahoo. com

Introduction: Having a mentally retard child threats mother's mental and physical health. Parents of these children experience marital problems because they suffer from chronic stress.

Objectives: This research was conducted to determinate the relationship between religious orientation and marital satisfaction among mothers of mentally retard children .Also, the rate of marital satisfaction and internal religious orientation and external religious orientation was determined.

Methods: With ex postfacto method, 100 mothers were selected through one stage cluster and random sampling. Data were collected by Alport Religious Orientation Questionnaire, and Walter W. Hoodsen Marital Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation by SPSS software.

Results: The mean of marital satisfaction was 57/41, internal religious orientation 34/18, and external religious orientation was 39/37. A positive relation was found between internal religious orientation and marital satisfaction (r=0/25). Relationship between external religious orientation and marital satisfaction was significantly (r =- 0/23) negative.

Conclusion: Booster internal religious orientation likely improve marital satisfaction.

P417- Meta-analysis of Effectiveness of Educational Interventions on Improving Academic Performance of Mentally retarded students in Iran (1995-2011).

Seyyed Hossein Siadatian1 , Abdolhossein Shamsi2, Maryam Samadi2, Maryam A hmadzadeh2, Aliasghar Dadmehr2.

1. MA student in Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

2. MA student in Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

Email: h.siadatian@gmail. com

Introduction: Experts constantly try to elevate the abilities of mentally retarded students particularly their cadmic performance. Appling meta-analysis or integration of results of different researches may be an appropriate approach for recognizing which interventions have more effect size and higher efficacy.

Objectives: Performing meta-analysis on researches to determine the effectiveness of educational interventions on improving academic performance of mentally retarded students in Iran.

Method: This study with meta-analysis or integrating the results of different studies, determines the effect size of educational interventions on improving academic performance of mentally retarded students. Thirteen out of 22 studies which were methodologically accepted were selected for meta- analysis; and the research instrument was meta- analysis checklist. This study included 465 samples and 13 effect sizes.

Results: The results of meta-analysis indicated the effect size of d=0/99 (p=0.00001) for educational interventions on improving academic performance of mentally retarded students. According to Cohen table, this effect size is considered high. The highest effect size in researches was that of Ashori and et al (d=l/91), and the lowest was that of Akhavast and et al (d=0/32).

Conclusion: Educational interventions have a high impact on improving academic performance of mentally retarded students.

P417- The Effect of Relaxation Training on Anxiety of Educable, Trainable, and Custodial Mentally Retarded Children's Mothers

Roghaye Mohammadi Garagozlu1 , Gholamreza Golmohammad nejhad2, Gholam Hossein Javanmard3

1. Corresponding author: M.A. Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Young Researchers Club, Tabriz, Iran

2. Ph.D.Assistant professor of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran

3. Ph.D. Department of Psychology, Payam Noor University, PO. Box 19395- 3697, Tehran, Iran

*Email: Rogayeh. mohammadi@gmail. com

Introduction: Having a mentally retarded child in the family is a source of stress for mothers as they should provide special care for their children particularly when the child is more severely retarded.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of relaxation therapy on anxiety of educable, trainable, and custodial mentally retarded children's mothers.

Methods: The design of the study was the two-group pretest-posttest design with a control group in which mothers of mentally retarded children were assigned in both control and experimental groups. Experimental group involved 7 custodial mentally retarded children's mothers, 8 mothers with trainable children, and 8 mothers with educable mentally retarded children, and control group consisted of 8 custodial mentally retarded children's mothers, 8 mothers with trainable children, and 9 mothers with educable mentally retarded children. Group relaxation training was performed for the experimental group three days a week for two months and information about the anxiety of mothers in the two groups was obtained by the Beck's Anxiety Inventory in two stages as pretest and posttest. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of covariance.

Results: Relaxation exercises significantly reduced the anxiety of mothers of the experimental group compared with the control group (p<0.001), but the interactive effect of group and the rate of child retardation were not significant, i.e., reducing the mothers' anxiety of children with different severity of mental retarded was the same.

Conclusion: This technique as a simple and effective approach can be beneficial for promoting the health of parents with disabled children and other vulnerable groups in the society.

P418- Investigating the Importance of Birth Weight Adjustment on Prevention of Disabilities in Children

Neda Esnaashari1, Ali Sayah2

1. Psychology, M.A. Student, Department of Psychology & Education, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

2. General Practitioner, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Introduction: Undoubtedly, having a healthy child on the basis of biological, psychological and social aspects is of prime importance for all parents around the world. Low birth weight is a risk factor for infant's life that causes many physical, psychological and intellectual problems.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of birth weight adjustment on prevention of disabilities in children.

Method: Library method (documentary-analysis) was done using books, articles, electronic resources and data banks.

Results: Findings have shown that the prevalence of various disabilities such as mental retardation, learning disabilities, vision problems, mobility problems and cerebral palsy are associated with low birth weight in infants. Several factors play a role in causing low birth weight in infants such as maternal age, birth interval, socioeconomic conditions, kidney and heart failure, respiratory problems and blood pressure, smoking mothers and alcohol consumption, birth under 37 weeks of pregnancy, poor child birth condition (Apgar score of 4-0 in the first minute) or requiring resuscitation at birth time or after that, premature rupture of membranes, maternal and fetal blood group incompatibility, mother's severe emotional problems like depression, trauma and ....

Conclusion: Infants with low birth weight may have respiratory and heart problems, their brain growth is not complete and they may face multiple disabilities. Children's cognitive development may also be affected. Thus, by adjusting birth weight during pregnancy, can prevent many of the disorders mentioned above may be prevented.

P419- Depression in Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Vahid Rashedi1 , Mohammad Rezaei 2

1. Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Hamedan, Iran

2. Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Hamedan, Iran

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Depression is a major public health concern and women are more likely to suffer from depression than men.

Objective: The main aim of the study was to evaluate depression levels in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran on 162 mothers of children with intellectual disabilities, using the Demographic Questionnaire as well as Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).

Results: Based on the study results, mothers of children with intellectual disabilities experienced depression with varying degrees of severity. It was further found that BDI-II scores of the mothers who had children with disabilities were mild (18.15 ± 10.62).

Conclusion: In general, mothers of children with disabilities reported a mild level of depression. Furthermore, providing educational programs and regular psychological support to prevent and lower the level of depression among these mothers are recommended.

P420- Effectiveness of Self-monitoring on Reducing Attention Problems in Children with Intellectual Disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Bagher Ghobari Bonab1 ,Tayebeh Taziki2 , Maryam mahmoudi2

1. Psychology and Education Science Faculty, Associate professor, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2. Corresponding Author: Psychology and Education Science Faculty, Student of Μ. ?., University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Attention is prerequisite of all type of learning. Recently, increased attention to task through self recording procedures has been well-established.

Objective: The present study investigated the impact of self-monitoring training on reduction of inattentive behaviors in students with intellectual and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Methods: Reversal design was used in this study. For measuring target behaviors, we used systematic observation procedure with interval recording during twenty 20-minute sessions (ten sessions for baseline and ten sessions for intervention). In the experimental intervention, each subject received ten 40-45 minutes training sessions. Data analysis showed significant improvement in the intervention phase and the effect size index.

Results: Data from three target students indicated that the procedure was effective in decreasing attention problems. The result of calculating the effect size also confirmed the above findings. The study showed that self-recording training of students with intellectual and learning disabilities decreases their inattention behaviors.

Conclusion: The results showed that self monitoring procedure was readily adaptable for use by pupils with intellectual disabilities in the classroom setting and that using self monitoring procedures correctly is an important variable to consider when implementing them.

P421- Strategies of Consultation with Parents of Hearing ImpairedChildren

Mahsa Bakhit1'2 , Maryam Delphi1,

1.Member of Department of Audiology, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

2. Corre spondingauthor

*Email : mahsa.bakhit@gmail. com.Bakhit- [email protected]

Introduction: To the hearing parents, knowing the fact that their child is going to have difficulty hearing the sounds is such a crisis which calls for precise consultation in all aspects of the road to hearing including detection, knowledge of the facts, and rehabilitation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate consultation strategies for parents of deaf children to reduce the possibility of psychological effects of hearing loss.

Methods: Articles published between 1970 and 2011 in Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science direct databases were searched using the keywords of hearing loss, children, psychology, consultation.

Results: A number of 24 research articles and 10 review articles were found and reviewed.

Conclusion: Mothers of hearing impaired children are under a great amount of stress and they are more prone to depression. Arranging rehabilitation, speech therapy, consultations and language learning sessions are only a double responsibility for them. Consulting parents of hearing impaired children requires great knowledge of their psychosocial state of mind, and proper consultation techniques to reduce the stress of parents and their children.

P422- Comparison of Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Hard of Hearing, with Mild Mental Retardation and Healthy Children based on Behavioral Problem Intensity of Children

Mohammad Ali Mohammady far1, Nasrin Gholami2, Ali Nowrouzi3 *

1. Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University

2. BS Clinical Psychology, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, semnan University

3. Student of MSc, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, e-mail:

Email address: [email protected]

Objective: Surprisingly, quality of life has not been investigated in mothers of exceptional children. Nevertheless, perhaps these mothers' quality of life can be influenced by disability of their children.

Method: Therefore, the current paper compared quality of life in mothers of three groups of children: those with hard of hearing, children with mild mental retardation, and healthy children. Eighteen mothers of children with hard of hearing, 25 mothers of children with mild mental retardation, and 29 mothers of healthy children in Shahrud were selected by Simple random sampling method. All children were between 7 to 12 years. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parent report), and Quality of Life Index were used for data collection. Findings showed that children with mild mental retardation scored higher in emotional symptom subscale than healthy children. Also, healthy children scored higher in prosocial subscale than those with mild mental retardation. The Strengths and Difficulties Subscales were used to predict quality of life dimension.

Result: Stepwise regression method showed that symptoms dimension of quality of life was negatively predicted by hyperactivity and peer problems subscales. Also, emotional symptoms subscale was a negative predictor of function dimension of quality of life. Well-being dimension of quality of life was negatively predicted by hyperactivity subscale. Moreover, hyperactivity and emotional symptoms subscales negatively predicted transcendent dimension of quality of life. These findings revealed that children behaviour and emotional problems influenced their mothers' quality of life. Among these subscales, hyperactivity and emotional symptoms subscales were more important. Replication of this study with larger sample size is recommended.

P423- The Survey on the Rate of Depression in Mothers of Exceptional Children and its Related Factors

Newsha Shirani1 , Mahboubeh Taebi2, Soheila Mohammadi3

1.Corresponding author: Bachelor of midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

2.Faculty member Of University of Isfahan. Isfahan, Iran.

3.Facultymember Of University of Isfahan. Isfahan, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Introduction and Objective: Depression is a very common disease that does not belong to a particular class. Some people are more vulnerable to depression. Most mothers with a disabled child are vulnerable to mood disturbances such as depression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the rates of depression in mothers of these children and related factors.

Method and Materials: This cross-sectional study was carried on 100 mothers of children with mental retardation or Down syndrome who were randomly selected from special girl's school in Isfahan in 2012. Data collection tools were Beck Depression Questionnaire, and researcher made questionnaire to assess demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with depression. Results were analyzed using SPSS Software by Spearman test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results: The mean (±SD) age of students was 16 ± 3 (year), maternal age was 40 ± 5(year) and most mothers were housewives and had primary education; 9/9 % of mothers had no symptom of depression, 2% mild depression, 26/7% moderate, and 61/1% severe to very severe depression. There was also a significant correlation between maternal depression and number of households, depression during pregnancy, wanted pregnancy, father's age, and drug use in children, (p <0/05). Also, mothers of children with mental retardation are more susceptible to depression compared with mothers of children with Down syndrome.

Conclusion: Since the rates of depression in mothers of these children were notable, preventing depression in this group of mothers is necessary. Psychiatric counseling and psychotherapy are recommended for these mothers. In addition, screening tests are necessary to determine any abnormalities in the fetus before birth.

P424- A Comparative Study of Family Structure in Families of Children with Mental Retardation and Normal Children

Yusef jamalpour1' Mehdi zamani1' Mohammad ahmadi1

1. Master of psychology, Dep. Of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

*Email: yousefjamalpour@gmail. com

Objective: Family structure is influenced by diseases and threatening conditions of the healthy situations. Parents of disabled children, especially mothers, tolerate physical, spiritual and psychological stress. This study was aimed to determine the family structure of children with mental retardation and normal children to find out the effect of children's disability on family structure.

Materials and Methods: The method of this research was expost-facto design. Population of this study included families of students with mental retardation, studying in mental retardation centers of Tabriz city during 2011-2012 academic years, using cluster- random sampling. One hundred family including 50 families of children with mental retardation, and 50 families of normal children who were living in Tabriz filled up the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (third version, FACES-III, Olsonet al., 1985).T-test was used for data analysis.

Results: There were significant differences in all domains of family structure between families of healthy children and families of children with mental retardation. In dimensions of adaptability appraisal (p=0.002) and family correlation (p=0.000), the mental retardation group did have a low performance.

Conclusion: The findings showed that families of students with mental retardation had a poor performance compared to the other group. Therefore, families of children with mental retardation should focus more on family relationships.

P425- Analytic-Comparative Study of Biological, Cognitive, Psychological, and Social Characteristics of Parents having More Than One Exceptional Children and Parents having Normal Children in Mazandaran Province

SeyedSadra Nojabaee1, ShokouhNavabiNezhad, Ph.D.', Gholam Ali Afrooz, Ph.D.3, Heidar Ali Hooman, Ph.D.4

1. Department of Educational Research, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon,Iran;

2. Professor at University ofTarbiatMoallem

3. Professor at University of Tehran

4. Professor at Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch

*Email: nojabaeesadra&yahoo. com

This study aims to investigate the biological, cognitive, emotional and sociocultural characteristics of parents with more than one disabled child and parents of normal children in the urban and rural regions of Mazandaran province. Recognition and clarification of the etiology of disability are important for reduction of disability effects and consequences in primary prevention.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to account for the relationships between the major variables in disability etiology with regard to the biological, cognitive, emotional, and sociocultural characteristics of parents in order to take a step for preventing disability, reducing its consequences on disabled individuals, their families, and the society, reducing its incidence probability and recurrence in the family, and finally enhancing mental health of parents and family members.

Method: This was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population consists of parents with more than one disabled child (with mental, physical, and sensory- motor impairments) as well as parents with more than one normal child in the urban and rural regions of Mazandaran province. The studied sample consisted of 302 parents; among whom 151 had more than one disabled child and 151 parents had more than one normal child. The data collection instrument was the Biological, Mental, and Social Characteristics Questionnaire of Parents of Disabled Children. The study consisted of 12 three-variable questions. In order to analyze the data, the linear logarithm model with the method of hierarchical removal was used.

Results: The findings revealed significant relationships between the mental, physical, sensory-motor impairments of the children and the child weight during mother's pregnancy, pregnancy period, mother's age during pregnancy, mother's blood type, conduction of genetic counseling before marriage, family marriage, mother's addiction mother's knowledge level of disability factors, mother's education level, mother's knowledge level of methods for preventing disabled children birth, parents' marriage circumstance, parents' marital status, parents' emigration background, father's job, father's general health, father's blood type, parents' relationship during pregnancy, mother's mental disorders background, mother's mental health, mother's anxiety level, mother's depression level, mother's physical signs number. Further, this study demonstrated significant relationships between the biological, cognitive, emotional, social characteristics on the one hand and group membership on the other hand.

P426- Survey of Incidence of Social Pathologies in Adolescents with Mental Retardation

Zahra Abbasian Nik1 , Sajed Yaghoobnezhad1

1. Corresponding author: M.Sc in Psychology of Exceptional Children from University of Tehran, Iran, Tehtan

*Email: z. abbasean&yahoo. com

Introduction: Mental retardation is one of the most common mental illnesses. This intelligence disorder affects the various dimensions of personality including physical, psychological, educational and social and it influences family and community. Individuals with mental retardation in adolescence are caused puberty and its problems that are treating the health of present and future, so these problems have a significant impact on the interaction of individuals in families and the community.

Objectives: This study identified social pathology among adolescent with mental retardation that may improve mental health and social programs.

Methods: This was a descriptive - analytical review. In order to fulfill the stated goals, a sample of 40 individuals(fathers and mothers) was selected by means of available sampling. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis.

Results: Data analysis revealed that adolescents' personal characteristics such as causes and extents of mental retardation age, and education have an impact on the incidence of social pathologies, and factors such as harming themselves and others, running away from home, and creating a nuisance for others are the most important social damages of these children.

Conclusion: The results showed that mental illness, creating a nuisance for others, running away from home, communicating difficulty, sexual and robbery are the kinds of social pathology among adolescents with mental retardation. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the incidence of social pathologies. Further, intervention programs should be designed and implemented.

P427- Adhd Symptom In Children With Eye Problem

pan'inDibajnia1 - Marvam Moghadasin'

1. Corresponding author'.Assistant professor of Psychiatry. ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Science,School of Rehabilitation, Tehran,Iran

2. PhD student in Psychometric. AllamehTabatabaie University.

Email : pdibajnia&yahoo. com

Introduction: One of the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorders in children is Attention deficit disorder (ADHD). Behavioral disorders have little to do with eyes and even less to do with eye care professionals. However, the fact that vision occurs in the brain and not in the eyes, and that vision co- mingles extensively with social and emotional pathways in the brain compels us to look more closely at the role of primary eye health care in such disorders as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The relationship between visual problem and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not well understood. In some instances visual performance may be substandard due to inadequately controlled behavioral disorders such as ADHD. In other instances, untreated visual problems making performance difficult may contribute to the behavioral disorder.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of behavioral problems such as ADHD behaviors in pre school-aged children with visual problem.

Methods: In vision screening programs, preschool age children who referred to optometry clinic for primary clinical eye exam were evaluated. After visual exam, written consent, and a detailed history of children were obtained from the parents.

Children with learning disabilities or ADHD were excluded. One parent of each child completed the Conner's Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) in a separate room while the child performed other activities. The CPRS uses 48 questions to evaluate ADHD symptoms.

Results: One hundred forty three children 77 (54% ) boys and 66(46%) girls participated in the study with a mean age of 4.86 years (SD = 1.60). Of the subjects, 113 cases were normal, 23had refractive error and 7 had amblyopia.

On the CPRS , inattention hyperactivity scale was 7.09 ( SD =5.05) in the normal group , 10.57 ( SD =5.53) in the refractive error group and 7.78 (SD =6.37 ) in the amblyopic group .The results indicated no significant difference between the groups .

Conclusion: The results from this preliminary study suggest that preschool children with eye problem do not have a higher frequency of behaviors related to hyperactivity and inattention as measured by the CPRS compared to the normal children.

P428- Effectiveness of Self-monitoring Training on Reduction of Attention Problems in Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Ghobary, ?. ?1, Taziki, T1, Mahmoud1

1.Department of Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

Introduction: Attention is prerequisite of all learning. Increased attention to task through self-recording procedures has been well-established in recent literature.

Objective: The present study investigated the impact of self-monitoring training on reduction of inattentive behaviors in students with intellectual and attention deficit.

Method: In this study, an AB design was used. For measuring target behaviors, we used systematic observation procedure with interval recording during twenty 20-minute sessions (ten sessions for baseline and ten sessions for intervention). In the experimental intervention, each subject received thirty training sessions of 40-45 minutes. Visual display and the effect size index were used for data analysis.

Results: Data from three target students indicated that the procedure was effective in decreasing attention problems. The result of calculating the effect size also confirmed the above findings. The study findings revealed that self-recording training of students with intellectual and learning disabilities had an effect on decreasing inattention behaviors.

Conclusion: The results showed that self-monitoring procedure was readily adaptable for use by pupils with intellectual disabilities in the classroom setting.

P429- Behavioral Problem In Children With Eye Disorder

Marvam Moghadasin, Par\'inDibajnia

Objective: Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized as having inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Since ADD/ADHD is a diagnosis based on exclusion and reported symptoms, the high level of symptomatology could lead to misdiagnosis of the patient as ADD/ADHD when in fact, the patient lias a visual problem.

The relationship between visual problem and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of behavioral problems such as ADHD behaviors in preschool-aged children with visual problem.

Method and Materials: Preschool age children who referred to an optometry clinic for routine eye examination were evaluated.

Children with learning disabilities or ADHD were excluded. One parent of each child completed the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). The children's scores on the CPRS were compared with the normative sample.

Results: One hundred forty three children (77 boys and 66 girls), with a mean age of 10.93 years (SD = 1.75) participated in this study. The prevalence of refractive error was 16%, and the prevalence of amblyopia was 5% in the subjects. Of the subjects, 23 had refractive error, and 7 had amblyopia.

The CPRS conduct category was 10.48( SD =6.16) in the normal group, 13.29( SD =6.24) in the refractive error group, and 10.91(SD =8.47) in the amblyopic group .The results showed that the difference among the three groups was not significant (p=0.54 F=0.62).

In tliis study, the psychosomatic category, anxious passive category, and inattention hyperactivity category were evaluated, but no significant difference was found between the three groups.

Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that preschool aged children with eye problem do not have a higher frequency of behavioral problems than normal children.

P430- Comparison of Mental Health and Quality of Life in Parents of Children with Down syndrome

Sajed Yaghoobnezhad1 , ZahraAbbasian Nik1

1. Corresponding author: M.Sc in Psychology of Exceptional Children from University of Tehran, Iran, Tehtan

*Email: sajjed kian&yahoo. com

Introduction: Although awaiting the birth of a baby after nine months is considered an exhilarating event, giving birth to a child with disability brings variety of complications and negative consequences. How ever, the psychological problems of children with Down syndrome differ from case to case Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the mental health of parents of children with Down syndrome and their quality of life with one another.

Methods: A sample of 80 individuals (40 mothers and 40 fathers of children with down syndrome) was selected by cluster sampling. The following questionnaires were administered Brief Symptom Checklist (SCL90), and Life Quality of Health World Organization Questionnaire.

Results: Data analysis revealed that mental health of fathers of children with Down syndrome was better than the mothers. However, these results did not differ significantly. Further, the results indicated that quality of life in fathers of children with Down syndrome was better than mothers of these children.

Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be concluded that mothers of children with mental retardation have lower mental health and quality of life compared to their husbands. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the needs of mothers, and early intervention programs should be designed and implemented to improve mental health and quality of life of these mothers.

P431- The Influence of Traditional Music on Aggressive Behavior of Blind Adolescents

Pevman hashemian

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of traditional music-therapy on aggressive behavior of blind adolescents in 2011.

Method: A sample of 56 aggressive blind adolescent students was selected by accessible sampling and were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups (28 in each group). The aggression level of the two groups was measured using the Boss and Perry Questionnaire (whose reliability was approved by langari) and the Ruters Behavior Disturbance Questionnaire (alef form or teacher's form whose reliability was approved by Majidian) in a form of pre- test and post-test. The experimental group received twelve 90-minutetraditional music sessions (khorasan rhythm).Traditional music with defined rhythm was played with cembalo, tar, cetar and fife for this group. The phonemes used in music-therapy were performed with an organized pattern.

Result: No significant difference was observed in descriptive variables of the two groups.The aggressive variable in the two groups were compared using t-test and covariance analysis and had normal distribution in the two groups. According to Boss and Perry test results, music-therapy significantly decreased aggression in the experimental group (P=0.005), and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.000). Also, according to Ruter's test results, traditional music decreased aggression of the experimental group (P=0.001, and a significant difference was observed between the two groups (P=0.000).

Discussion: The result of this research demonstrated the positive effect of traditional music therapy on reduction of aggression and aggressive behaviour of blind students. This study was compatible with other studies such as Samani (1987), Zareand colleague (2009), Shalchiand colleague (2010), Vacherand Zoopan (2000), Cook and colleague (2010) and Pool and Miller (2011).