Treatment of a canine carotid artery aneurysm model with a biodegradable nanofiber-covered stent: A prospective pilot study

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the use of a biodegradable nanofiber-covered stent (BDNCS) in the treatment of a canine carotid artery aneurysm. Materials and Methods: Seventeen beagle dogs, each with one lateral saccular aneurysm created using a venous pouch, were selected to test the BDNCS. The BDNCS consists of three parts: A bare stent, a biodegradable nanofiber membrane, and a balloon catheter. The bare stent was sculpted by a laser from a cobalt chromium superalloy, and the biodegradable nanofiber membrane was constructed from polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone [PCL, P (LLA-CL)] by the electro-spinning method. The biodegradable nanofiber stent was premounted on a balloon catheter to form a BDNCS. Angiographic assessments were categorized as complete or incomplete occlusion. Data regarding technical success, initial and final angiographic results, mortality and morbidity were collected, and follow-up was performed at 1 and 3 months after the procedure. Results: BDNCS placement was successful in 17 canines with 17 aneurysms. The initial angiographies showed that a complete occlusion was achieved in 13 canines (76.5%) and an incomplete occlusion in 4 (23.5%). One canine died 1 week later. The angiographies obtained at 3-month follow-up exhibited complete occlusion in 14 canines (87.5%) and an incomplete occlusion in 2 canines, with mild in-stent stenosis in 5 canines. Conclusions: Our results suggest that BDNCS may be a feasible approach for aneurysm occlusion, although the occurrence of mild in-stent stenosis was relatively high. Longer-term follow-up investigations are needed to validate these findings.