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ABSTRACT:
Abstract: The isomeric forms of pyrrolines; 1-pyrroline, 2-pyrroline and 3-pyrroline and their derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds. They exhibit wide range of biological applications, particularly in their versatile enzymatic activity. This brief review article presents up to date information about the strategies adopted for the synthesis of pyrrolines and their derivatives. Also describes the biological activities associated with them, more emphasis was given on their enzymatic activity and impact of these molecules on diseases in plants and animals.
KEYWORDS: Ruthenium, glutamate, proline, dehydrogenase, enzymatic.
INTRODUCTION:
Pyrrolines and their analogs can be considered as simple five membered heterocycles possessing one nitrogen atom as a part of the ring. These exist in different forms; the fully unsaturated ring is described by the terminal ending -ole (pyrrole 1a), the fully saturated ring is described by the terminal ending -olidine (pyrrolidine 1b) and partially reduced rings are called by the ending oline (pyrroline 1ce). The position of the double bonds in partially reduced rings is designated as Δ1- (1-pyrroline 1c) or Δ2- (2pyrroline 1d) or Δ3- (3-pyrroline 1e).
The five-member heterocyclic compounds; particularly nitrogen heterocycles such as pyrroline derivatives have been successfully tested against several diseases and therefore received special attention in bioorganic chemistry. They have demonstrated a broad spectrum of biological properties in both pharmaceutical and agrochemical fields; and continuously draw interest for development of newer drug moiety.
The most recent review article reported by Fabio Bellina et al1 describes the methods used for the synthesis of vicinal diaryl-substituted pyrrole, pyrroline and pyrrolidine derivatives and bioactivity data of some of these compounds. The paucity of reviews on pyrroline and their derivatives facilitated us to undertake this project. This review article comprises of up to date information about the strategies adopted for the synthesis and studies on their biological activity specifically enzymatic activity.
Synthesis of pyrrolines:
2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, the principal rice flavor component with a cracker-like flavor was synthesized by a reaction sequence involving the conversion of pyrrolidine into tripyrroline, subsequent hydrocyanation of the latter into 2cyanopyrrolidine, oxidation into 2-cyano-1-pyrroline, and Grignord addition of methyl magnesium iodide2.
An efficient alkene aza-Cope-Mannich cyclization between 2-hydroxy homoallyl tosylamine and aldehydes in the presence of iron(III) salts gives 3-alkyl-1-tosyl pyrrolidines in good yields. The process is based...