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Abstract: Main purpose of this article is to find out how is situation of young people leaving residential care institutions and trying to integrate to a usual life after reaching adultery. Using personal interviews with the young people (present clients of residential care, former clients, employees of the caring institutions) we try to answer questions how these young people are prepared for a normal life in a society and what are main barriers they have to overcome in order to start a new life without institutional help. Our findings confirm that present system of social services is not effective enough in an effort to help the young people with their integration. We conclude that transformation of the Czech residential care of children from pathological families is inevitable in order to overcome such obstacles as missing emotional help from their biological families and friends, low level of economic independency resulting from low qualification and problems to find a job and an accommodation.

Keywords Institutional child-rearing, Integration, Barriers to a successful integration, Social services.

Uvod

System pece o ohrozene deti v Ceske republice v soucasnosti prochazi zasadnimi zmenami, ktere jsou reakci jak na aktualni trendy ve svete, tak na dlouhodobou kritiku Ceske republiky ze strany mnohych mezinarodnich organizaci (napf. Unicef, OSN) za vysoky pocet deti umistenych vustavnich zafizenich. Jednim zklicovych bodu soucasne reformy pece o ohrozene deti je snaha o rozvoj nahradni rodinne pece rodinneho ci komunitniho typu a jeji upfednostnovani pfed ustavni peci. Navzdory tomu, ze system pece o ohrozene deti je soucasti vefejne-politickych debat jiz od pocatku 90. let, realizovane zmeny vprubehu tohoto obdobi byly jenom dilciho charakteru. Systemovou zmenu pfinasi az novelizace zakona c. 359/1999 Sb., o socialne-pravni ochrane deti platna od ledna 2013. Pfijeti tohoto zakona vsak nebylo vubec snadne. Poslanecke snemovne byl navrh zakona pfedlozen koncem roku 2011. Dvakrat byl projednavan vramci Legislativni rady vlady, dvakrat prosel meziresortnim pfipominkovym fizenim, byl vetovan Senatem i prezidentem. Jedna se o tema, ktere rozdeluje jak politiky, tak i odbornou vefejnost.

Timto clankem chceme pfispet k probihajici reforme socialne-pravni ochrany deti u nas a poukazat na to, jak je dulezite pfenest peci o ohrozene deti mimo ustavni pudu. Duvodem jsou jak trendy v oblasti rodinne pece v rozvinutych evropskych zemich, kde je minimum deti...

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