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Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between psychological capital and performance and to identify work family spillover and psychological well-being as a mediator of the effects of psychological capital on performance. Data was gathered from 361 white-collar employees from different occupations. The results based on Structural Equation Modeling reveal that psychological capital plays an important role in providing employees to have high performance. The results also indicate that psychological well-being and two dimensions of spillover (positive and negative work-family spillover) mediate the effect of psychological capital on performance. Implications of the results are discussed, and avenues for future research are offered.
Keywords: Psychological capital, work family spillover, psychological well-being, performance, positive psychology
JEL Classification: M12, M54
1. Introduction
The world is changing, so are the organizations. Contrary to the past, traditional approach and resources are inadequate to gain competitive advantage in global economy and intensive competition. Today organizations must invest in employees and increase their psychological capital to have competitive advantage. One of the most important features of psychological capital is to increase individual performance.
In the past, work and family interactions suggested that having more than one role affects individual health and performance negatively. However, in recent years people realized that having more than one role raises individual resources, so the work family spillover concept was built up. According to this concept participation in one role positively affects the performance in the other role. Researches on work family spillover showed that balancing work and family roles by spilling over increase work performance (Grzywacz and Marks, 2000). On the other hand, according to Keyes, Hysom and Lupo (2000), psychological well-being refers to employees' perception and assessment of the quality of their lives, and the quality of their psychological and social functioning. As employee well-being increases, the performance of the employee and therefore, the productivity, and profitability of the organization (Warr, 1999) also increase.
The aim of this study is, therefore, to identify the mediating role of work family spillover and psychological well-being on the relationship between psychological capital and performance in an emerging country. The data is collected from different occupations; like academicians, doctors, nurses, police or bank employees, and analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This study...