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Received: 10 July 2013
Received in revised form:
7 September 2013
Accepted: 10 September 2013
Keywords
Centella asiatica (L.)
Urban
Triterpenoid
Asiaticoside
Antihypertensive
Abstract
Antihypertensive herbs in scientification of "jamu" program in Indonesia contained Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. The leaf contains several compounds such as triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and resins. The total triterpenic fraction of C. asiatica could treat venous hypertensive microangiopathy, while ethyl acetate fraction of C. asiatica leaf has hypotensive effect in cats. This study aimed to provide triterpenoid-rich fraction of C. asiatica leaf, to analyze asiaticoside contents, and to examine the in vivo antihypertensive effect on phenylephrine-induced hypertensive rats by non-invasive tail-cuff method. The results showed that triterpenoid contents in chloroform fraction of C. asiatica (CFCA) were more dominant than the flavonoid/phenolic contents. TLC-densitometric data showed that asiaticoside contents of CFCA were 0.402 ± 0.02%. The CFCA showed antihypertensive effect on phenylephrine- induced hypertensive rats. The ED50 values, a parameter of drug potency, of these effects on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure were 10.40 ± 0.98, 9.05 ± 1.95, and 9.37 ± 1.69 mg/kg, respectively.
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Introduction
The top rank of global risks for mortality in the world was high blood pressure (WHO, 2009). The basic health research 2007 conducted in Indonesia showed that hypertension prevalence based on measurement and disease history was 32.2%. However 75.8% of cases had not been diagnosed and reached yet by the health care system. Seven of 10 patients were not getting good treatment resulting in complications with renal failure, stroke, and coronary heart disease (Rahajeng and Tuminah, 2009). This failure was estimated to be 4.5% case of global disease (WHO and ISH, 2003).
Empirically, hypertension could be treated by traditional medicines (Koffi et al., 2009). Antihypertensive herbs in scientification of "jamu" program in Indonesia contained Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaf. This plant contains several compounds such as triterpenoids (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid), glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, volatile and fatty oils (Subban et al., 2008; James and Dubery, 2011). Traditionally, people used C. asiatica in the treatment of venous disorders, diuretic and blood cleanser (Sudarsono et al., 2002). Clinical trials of C. asiatica extract had been done to...