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Abstract
Chlorhexidine is one of the most widely and commonly used antiplaque and antigingivitis agent. The properties and mechanism of action of chlorhexidine must be understood in order to be put into maximum use. Chlorhexidine was used as a broad spectrum antiseptic since the 1950's. Its antibacterial action is due to the disruption of the bacterial cell membrane by the chlorhexidine molecules, increasing the permeability and resulting in cell lysis. It can be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the dose. It is available in different formulations. However it does have some side effects like permanent staining of teeth and dysgeusia. This article discusses the various clinical applications, properties and adverse effects of chlorhexidine.
Keywords:
Chlorhexidine, mouthrinse, chemical plaque control
INTRODUCTION
Chlorhexidine is a gold standard against which other antiplaque and antigingivitis agents are measured. Understanding the properties and limitations of the molecule can ensure that the efficacy of the agent is maximized and the side effects are minimized allowing it to rightly remain the gold standard.
Dental plaque
Dental plaque clinically is a structured resilient, grayish- yellow substance that tenaciously adheres to the intraoral hard surfaces including removable and fixed restorations [1].
Plaque control
It is the removal of microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the tooth and adjacent gingival tissues to prevent calculus formation. Plaque control can be of two types
* Mechanical plaque control
* Chemical plaque control
Mechanical plaque control
Dental plaque is one of the most important etiological factors in the onset of periodontal disease. Dental plaque mineralizes to form dental calculus. Calculus formation is significantly reduced by proper plaque control. Bacterial plaque can be removed effectively by mechanical means. It is safe and effective. The various methods include:
* Toothbrushes
* Interdental cleaning aids
* Dental floss
* Toothpick
* Interdental brush and swab
* Dentifrices
Chemical plaque control
Terminology
Antimicrobial agents: Chemicals that have a bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal effect in vitro that alone cannot be extrapolated to a proven efficacy in vivo against plaque.
Plaque reducing/inhibitory agents: Chemicals that have only been shown to reduce the quantity and/or affect quality of plaque which may or may not be sufficient to influence gingivitis and/or caries.
Antiplaque agents: Chemicals that have an effect on plaque...