Desigualdad social, rendimiento y logro educativos en España (1990-2012): Los desequilibrios regionales aumentan"/Social inequality, educational attainment and educational performance in Spain (1990-2012): Regional imbalances have increased"

Headnote

PALABRAS CLAVE: Desigualdad social, Desigualdad regional, Logro educativo, PIB per cápita, Tasas de escolarización, Rendimiento académico, Fracaso-Éxito escolar a los 15 años (Tasas de idoneidad), Comunidades Autónomas de España.

KEY WORDS: Social inequality, Regional inequality, GDP per capita, Educational performance, Educational attainment, Success-Failure School at age 15, Enrolment rates. Spanish regions.

Clasificación JEL: I21, I28, O18, R58.

RESUMEN

En este trabajo se sostiene que el nivel educativo de la población y su renta están diferenciadamente presentes en la España de las Comunidades Autónomas entre 1990 y 2012. Estos indicadores se relacionan positivamente con el desigual rendimiento educativo de los estudiantes en la enseñanza obligatoria, generando consiguientemente una disparidad regional nueva, al alza, en las tasas netas de escolarización postobligatoria. Estas tasas, a su vez, incrementan la probabilidad de acceso y logro educativo de la población en la enseñanza superior, generando, nuevamente al alza, más desigualdad regional. La consecuencia general de todo ello es el aumento de la divergencia autonómica regional con el paso de los años si no se plantean políticas educativas y/o sociales encaminadas a su corrección.

ABSTRACT

This work analyzes the relationship between social inequality and educational attainment, and educational performance, in Spain between 1990 and 2010 by the different Spanish regions. The hypothesis that we maintain is the following: the educational performance of students at the regional level in Spain, at one point (1990), is very different and is affected by income and educational level of its population, becoming visible in both suitability rates at 15-year-old compulsory education as enrolment rates in post-secondary education and tertiary education, generating a new regional and unequal educational attainment of the population (obtaining degrees). In turn, the educational attainment is strongly correlated with the income of the population and creates a new regional inequality over time. We argue that the passage of years has favored the spread of schooling and educational attainment for more people in all regions have declined substantially without differences and imbalances between them, finding two distinct Spains: North Central without Galicia (Madrid, Castilla y León, Cantabria, Asturias, Basque Country, Navarra, La Rioja, Aragon and Catalonia) and the South (Andalusia, Extremadura, Castilla La Mancha, Murcia, Valencia, Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands) with Galicia.

We know that regional inequality analysis carried...