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Jung-Yoon Kim 1 and Tripti Sharma 2 and Brijesh Kumar 3 and G. S. Tomar 4,5 and Karan Berry 2 and Won-Hyung Lee 1
Academic Editor:Tai-hoon Kim
1, Department of Image Engineering, Chung-Ang University, ChungAng Cultural Arts Center, Office No. 503, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
2, Department of Information Technology, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, Janakpuri, New Delhi 110058, India
3, Department of Information Technology, Lingaya's University, Faridabad, Haryana 121002, India
4, Machine Intelligence Research Labs, 223 New Jiwaji Nagar, Gwalior 474011, India
5, Department of Electrical and Computer Engg, University of West Indies, St. Augustine 1000, Trinidad and Tobago
Received 27 December 2013; Accepted 22 February 2014; 2 April 2014
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
1. Introduction
A WSN (wireless sensor network) consists of 100-1000 small battery operated, self-organizing, localized decision making, self-coordinating wireless sensors spread throughout the area [1]. These sensor nodes have various negative characteristics such as limited energy, limited analytical and computational ability, and limited memory storage. These devices also have low data rate as well as short range for wireless radio transmission. These sensor nodes are composed of motes or sensors, transceiver, battery, and the processor for performing local processing. The processor converts the analog information which is sensed by the sensors about their environment in which they are deployed in to digital format [2]. These wireless sensors can also perform simple calculations and communicate locally over a small area. They have multiple applications in detecting volcanic eruptions, military, monitoring medical condition of patients, vehicle tracking, and so on. But typically, they are designed to collect and report data to the base stations [2]. Although WSNs have various applications in different domains, they have several limitations such as limited energy and limited computation and communication abilities as already discussed [1]. In sensor networks, minimization of energy consumption is considered to be a major performance criterion, in order to provide maximum network lifetime.
ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) . Routing is categorized to be a combinatorial optimization problem in finding the shortest path from source to the destination...