Abstract
Biological pest control in greenhouse crops is usually based on periodical releases of mass-produced natural enemies, and this method has been successfully applied for decades. However, in some cases there are shortcomings in pest control efficacy, which often can be attributed to the poor establishment of natural enemies. Their establishment and population numbers can be enhanced by providing additional resources, such as alternative food, prey, hosts, oviposition sites or shelters. Furthermore, natural enemy efficacy can be enhanced by using volatiles, adapting the greenhouse climate, avoiding pesticide side-effects and minimizing disrupting food web complexities. The special case of high value crops in a protected greenhouse environment offers tremendous opportunities to design and manage the system in ways that increase crop resilience to pest infestations. While we have outlined opportunities and tools to develop such systems, this review also identifies knowledge gaps, where additional research is needed to optimize these tools.
You have requested "on-the-fly" machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Show full disclaimer
Neither ProQuest nor its licensors make any representations or warranties with respect to the translations. The translations are automatically generated "AS IS" and "AS AVAILABLE" and are not retained in our systems. PROQUEST AND ITS LICENSORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES FOR AVAILABILITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS, NON-INFRINGMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Your use of the translations is subject to all use restrictions contained in your Electronic Products License Agreement and by using the translation functionality you agree to forgo any and all claims against ProQuest or its licensors for your use of the translation functionality and any output derived there from. Hide full disclaimer
Details
1 Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands
2 ADAS Boxworth, Cambridge, UK
3 IRTA, Sustainable Plant Protection – Entomology, Cabrils, Spain (GRID:grid.8581.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 1943 6646)
4 University of Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Turin, Italy (GRID:grid.7605.4) (ISNI:0000000123366580)
5 Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Canada (GRID:grid.55614.33) (ISNI:0000000113024958)
6 Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Department of Entomology, Newe-Ya’ar Research Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel (GRID:grid.410498.0) (ISNI:0000000104659329)
7 Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK (GRID:grid.9835.7) (ISNI:0000000081906402); Biobest Belgium N.V., Westerlo, Belgium (GRID:grid.9835.7)