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Abstract
Background: Measuring and comparing grip and pinch strengths with their normative data is a valid method to detect intensity of the numerous damages of hand. This research was carried out with the aim of establishing normative data of grip strength and three types of pinch strengths (Tip, Key and Palmar) in healthy Iranian adults.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the study population was formed of 1008 people (526 men and 482 women) from healthy Fars race adults of over 20 years old in five cities of Iran. American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT) recommendations were followed to establish normative data of grip and pinch strengths. Normative data of grip and pinch strengths were developed based on sex, 12 different age groups and dominant and non-dominant hands. Jamar dynamometer and Seahan pinch gauge were used to measure grip and pinch strengths, respectively.
Results: Normative data of grip and pinch strengths were provided. Grip and pinch strengths of men were significantly stronger than women. The maximum grip strength of men was obtained in the group of 20-24 years and among women it was in the age group 35-39 years. Regardless of gender, grip and pinch strengths were declined with aging.
Conclusion: Normative data of grip and pinch strengths were developed for Iranian population.
Keywords: Hand strength, Grip strength, Pinch strength, Normative data
Introduction
Grip and pinch strengths are generally the most important parameters to determine hand function (1). Grip strength not only describes hand normality but is also used as an objective evaluator of upper extremities in treating hand damages (2). Furthermore, it predicts post-surgical complications and losses (3), general inabilities and aging consequences such as disability (4), increase in illness risk (5) and mortality (6). It is also used to determine job qualification of those who suffer from local hand injuries (5). Other uses include evaluation of other inabilities like rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, developing disability, muscular dystrophy and heart attack (7). Hand strength can therefore be a predictor of economic consequences of illnesses (8). Measurement of pinch strength is also used for the same purposes.
Measuring grip strength can be done quickly and for this reason it is called quick bedside test (9). Sargent was the first person who used grip...