Jump training with different loads: effects on jumping performance and power output

Eur J Appl Physiol (2013) 113:25112521 DOI 10.1007/s00421-013-2688-6

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Jump training with different loads: effects on jumping performance and power output

Srdjan Markovic Dragan M. Mirkov

Olivera M. Knezevic Slobodan Jaric

Received: 10 April 2013 / Accepted: 20 June 2013 / Published online: 3 July 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

AbstractPurpose To investigate the selective effects of different types of external loads applied in vertical jump training on both the performance and muscle power output of the squat (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ).

Methods Physically active males practiced maximum unconstrained vertical jumps over an 8-week period with no load, with either a negative or positive load exerted by a nearly constant external force that altered their body weight, and with a loaded vest that increased both the body weight and inertia. The magnitude of all applied loads corresponded to 30 % of body weight.

Results A similar training-associated increase in jump height was observed in all experimental groups in both CMJ (7.411.8 %) and SJ (6.414.1 %). The relative increase in power output was comparable to the increase in jump height in SJ (7.411.5 %), while the power increase

in CMJ was relatively small and load-specic (0.59.5 %). The observed differences could originate from the changes in the CMJ pattern, reected through the depth of the counter movement that particularly increased after the training with negative load (42 %) and no load (21 %). The same participants also revealed increased CMJ duration, reduced ground reaction forces, as well as reduced maximum and average power output when compared with other training groups.

Conclusion Jump training with the applied loads could lead to a comparable improvement in jumping performance. However, the observed load-specic adaptations of CMJ pattern could decouple the training-associated increase in jump height from the increase in muscle power output.

Keywords Height Kinematic pattern Strength

Adaptation Muscle

AbbreviationsCMJ Countermovement jump ConG Control groupES Effect sizeFmax Maximum GRF

Ftran GRF in the instant of transition from the

eccentric to concentric jump phase GRF Ground reaction forceDHecc Depth of the counter movement

Hmax Maximum jump height NegLG Negative load group

NoLG No-load groupPavg Average power during the concentric jump phase

Pmax Peak power

PosLG Positive load group SJ Squat jump

Communicated by William J. Kraemer.

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