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Funct Integr Genomics (2014) 14:617629 DOI 10.1007/s10142-014-0389-9
REVIEW
Genome-wide comparative analysis of tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) genes in plants
Preetom Regon & Piyalee Panda & Erina Kshetrimayum &
Sanjib Kumar Panda
Received: 6 January 2014 /Revised: 13 July 2014 /Accepted: 21 July 2014 /Published online: 6 August 2014 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) play a vital role in water transport across membranes. In the present study, we performed a comparative analysis of TIP genes in ten plant species including both monocots and dicots. A total of 100 TIP aquaporin genes were identified, and their relationships among the plant species were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship of these genes within the plant species. Based on the phylogenetic analysis results, TIPs were classified into five distinct arbitrary groups (group I to group V), which represented TIP2, TIP5, TIP4, TIP1, and TIP3, respectively. Group I represented the largest arbitrary group, followed by group IV, in the phylogenetic tree. The result clearly indicates that TIP2 and TIP1 are abundant aquaporins and highly related among the species. In the present review, a comparative study of gene structure analysis between dicots and monocots has been performed to analyze their structural variation. Most of the predicted motifs are conserved among the species, signifying an evolutionary relationship. The gene expression analysis indicated that the expression of TIP genes varies during different developmental stages and also during stressed conditions. The results indicated a great degree of evolutionary relationship and variation in the expression levels of TIPs in plants.
Keywords Aquaporin . Genome-wide analysis . Plants .
Tonoplast intrinsic protein
AbbreviationsAPQ AquaporinTIPs Tonoplast intrinsic proteins CDS Coding DNA sequence NPA Asparagine-Proline-Alanine
Introduction
Plants response to abiotic stress depends on several physiological factors. These responses are regulated by a wide array of genes, which are either upregulated or downregulated in response to stresses. Maintenance of water balance in cells is critically important for plants to sustain cellular and functional homeostasis during stressed conditions. This process is regulated by a large number of aquaporin genes in plants. Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channels/major intrinsic proteins (MIPs), which facilitate the passive movement of water and down the water potential gradient (Kruse et al. 2006; Forrest and Bhave 2008). In plants,...