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Abstract

In this idealised modelling study, the development of a downstream cyclone, which closely follows the life-cycle of a Shapiro-Keyser cyclone, is addressed from a quasi-geostrophic kinetic energy perspective. To this end a simulation of a dry, highly idealised, dispersive baroclinic wave, developing a primary and a downstream cyclone, is performed. Kinetic energy and processes contributing to its tendency - in particular baroclinic conversion and ageostrophic geopotential fluxes - are investigated in three dimensions both in an Eulerian and a Lagrangian framework from the genesis of the downstream cyclone as an upper-level kinetic energy centre, over frontal fracture to the fully developed cyclone showing the characteristic T-bone surface frontal structure, with a strong low-level jet along the bent-back front. Initially the downstream cyclone grows by the convergence of ageostrophic geopotential fluxes from the primary cyclone, but as vertical motions intensify this process is replaced by baroclinic conversion in the warm sector. We show that kinetic energy released in the warm sector is radiated away at all levels by ageostrophic geopotential fluxes: in the upper troposphere they are directed downstream, while in the lower troposphere they radiate kinetic energy to the rear of the cyclone. Thereby, vertical ageostrophic geopotential fluxes, their location and divergence, are identified to play a major role in the intensification of the cyclone in the lower troposphere and for the formation of the low-level jet. Low-level rearward ageostrophic geopotential fluxes converging along the bent-back front are shown to be a general characteristic of an eastward propagating baroclinic wave.

Details

1009240
Location
Title
Development of an idealised downstream cyclone: Eulerian and Lagrangian perspective on the kinetic energy
Publication title
Tellus: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, Series A; Stockholm
Volume
65
Publication year
2013
Publication date
2013
Section
Dynamic meteorology
Publisher
Stockholm University Press
Place of publication
Stockholm
Country of publication
Sweden
e-ISSN
16000870
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
Document type
Journal Article
ProQuest document ID
1629461502
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/development-idealised-downstream-cyclone-eulerian/docview/1629461502/se-2?accountid=208611
Copyright
Copyright Co-Action Publishing 2013
Last updated
2024-11-09
Database
ProQuest One Academic