Content area
Full Text
Artikel ini cuba membincangkan perkembangan politik Sabah dalam Pilihan Raya Umum Ke-13 (PRU13) dengan memfokus kepada kelangsungan dominasi hegemoni Barisan Nasional (BN) dan penambahan kerusi oleh pihak pembangkang di Sabah. Dengan menggunakan tema pembangunan (sebagai strategi politik), BN berjaya mengekalkan penguasaan melebihi dua pertiga dalam kedua-dua kerusi Dewan Undangan Negeri (DUN) dan Parlimen. Manakala, bagi pihak pembangkang, khasnya gabungan Pakatan Rakyat (PR), walaupun gagal membentuk kerajaan tetapi telah berhasil memenangi beberapa kerusi di kawasan majoriti penduduknya berbangsa Kadazandusun dan Murut (KDM) serta Cina. Kemenangan calon-calon pembangkang ini dikaitkan dengan penjajaan beberapa isu yang berkait rapat dengan autonomi Sabah dalam konteks federalisme, isu pendatang tanpa izin (PATI), tanah adat dan lain-lain lagi. Untuk menganalisis kelangsungan dominasi BN di Sabah, penulis menggunakan kerangka konseptual hegemoni-federalisme dari perspektif Gramsci. Justifikasi gabungan kerangka konseptual ini ialah mengambil kira kepelbagaian etnik di Sabah yang sebahagian besarnya "bersetuju" (consent) untuk menerima unsur dominasi kepimpinan oleh sesebuah parti berasaskan permuafakatan politik terhadap keseluruhan masyarakat dan juga menyerahkan struktur kepimpinan mereka kepada satu sistem pemerintahan pusat yang dinamakan sebagai "Federalisme."
Kata kunci: Pilihan Raya Umum Ke-13, hegemoni-federalisme, politik pembangunan, Barisan Nasional, Pakatan Rakyat
The article deals with Sabah political developments after the just concluded 13th General Election. The main focus is on the hegemonic dominance of Barisan Nasional (BN), and also the ability of opposition parties, especially Pakatan Rakyat (PR), although they failed to form a government, in securing several seats in areas ethnically dominated by the Kadazandusun and Murut (KDM) as well as the Chinese. It is argued that BN's recipe in maintaining a two-thirds majority was largely associated with its development theme (as a political strategy) that was strongly projected throughout the whole election campaign. Whereas for the opposition parties, the encouraging performance was due to the bombardment of voters with issues very much related to Sabah's autonomy in the federal structure including the 20 points, illegal immigrants, native lands, and others. In analysing the hegemonic dominance of BN, a Gramscian conceptual framework of "hegemony-federalism" will be employed. The employment of this approach is found suitable to the multi-ethnic society of Sabah, the majority of whom have given "consent" to a dominant party based on political consociationalism in guiding their leadership structure within the context of federalism.
Keywords: 13th General...