Estructura de la personalidad del hombre de acción en las vidas de soldados de la Primera Modernidad

Abstract

Las narrativas primopersonales de la Primera Modernidad, más concretamente el conjunto de relaciones o vidas de soldados españoles escritas durante los siglos XVI y XVII, solían ser interpretadas por lo general como meros documentos históricos. Sin embargo, ya desde las últimas décadas del siglo pasado, resulta aparente que pertenecen a un territorio literario más complejo caracterizado por la interdisciplinariedad. El presente trabajo examina las transformaciones socio-históricas de la época y sus consecuencias en los cambios de la estructura de la personalidad a partir de una tríada de relaciones emblemáticas: Naufragios (1542) de Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Discurso de mi vida (1630) de Alonso de Contreras y Estebanillo González (1646). Con el objetivo de reinventarse y reafirmarse como héroes de sus propios escritos, estos autores llevan a cabo un proceso de ficcionalización en el que la prevalencia de la oralidad promueve la amalgama de moldes genéricos tan diversos como la escritura burocrática, la crónica histórica, el libro de viajes, la novela picaresca y la comedia. En suma, estas obras devienen creaciones híbridas debido a su situación comunicativa, al tiempo que contribuyen a la evolución del discurso del hombre de acción, cuya representación paradigmática es el soldado.

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The first-person narratives of the First Modernity, more specifically the set of relationships or lives of Spanish soldiers written during the 16th and 17th centuries, used to be generally interpreted as mere historical documents. However, since the last decades of the last century, it is apparent that they belong to a more complex literary territory characterized by interdisciplinarity. This paper examines the socio-historical transformations of the time and their consequences on the changes in the personality structure from a triad of emblematic relationships: Shipwrecks (1542) by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Discurso de mi vida (1630) by Alonso de Contreras and Estebanillo González (1646). With the aim of reinventing themselves and reaffirming themselves as heroes of their own writings, these authors carry out a fictionalization process in which the prevalence of orality promotes the amalgamation of generic molds as diverse as bureaucratic writing, the historical chronicle, the travel book, the picaresque novel, and comedy. In short, these works become hybrid creations due to their communicative situation, at the same time that they contribute to the evolution of the discourse of the man of action, whose paradigmatic representation is the soldier.