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http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s00382-014-2328-9&domain=pdf
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Web End = Clim Dyn (2015) 45:933947
DOI 10.1007/s00382-014-2328-9
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s00382-014-2328-9&domain=pdf
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Web End = Received: 9 May 2014 / Accepted: 8 September 2014 / Published online: 1 October 2014 The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
of the forcings of JJA mean temperatures in the region shows an association with sea-surface temperature over the eastern North Atlantic, but also the subpolar and subtropical gyres. Moreover, using Superposed Epoch Analysis, a signicant cooling in the year following a volcanic eruption was noted, and for the largest explosive eruptions, the effect could remain for up to 4 years. This new improved reconstruction provides a mean to reinforce our understanding of forcings on summer temperatures in the North European sector.
Keywords Climate change Tree rings Density Blue intensity Forcings
1 Introduction
Understanding past climate change and variability allows us to quantify the impact of the recent anthropogenic inuence on the climate system by quantifying its natural behaviour and variability (Frank et al. 2010). Moreover, using proxy-data to increase the understanding of past climate changes, such as extreme events and abrupt changes, provides, together with historical sources, tools to understand how climate has affected societies in the past (e.g. Bntgen et al. 2011a). Since the rst high-resolution reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere temperatures (Mann et al. 1999) was introduced, an increasing number of attempts to reconstruct global or hemispheric climate has been made (e.g. Masson-Delmotte et al. 2013). Although they all display their own characteristics, depending on methods used and proxies included, in general they provide a broadly coherent picture of the climate evolution over the last two millennia. Still, since global change has a strong regional expression, it is vital that we can provide information also on these spatial
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Web End = Fennoscandia revisited: a spatially improved treering reconstruction of summer temperatures for the last 900 years
Hans W. Linderholm Jesper Bjrklund Kristina Seftigen Bjrn E. Gunnarson Mauricio Fuentes
Abstract Despite the spatially homogenous summer temperature pattern in Fennoscandia, there are large spreads among the many existing reconstructions, resulting in an uncertainty in the timing and amplitude of past...