Pseudomembranous Type of Oral Candidiasis is Associated with Decreased Salivary Flow Rate and Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels

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Web End = Mycopathologia (2015) 180:7580 DOI 10.1007/s11046-015-9874-5

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Web End = Pseudomembranous Type of Oral Candidiasis is Associated with Decreased Salivary Flow Rate and Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels

Bela Mahajan Neeta Bagul Rajiv Desai

Mamatha Reddy Amit Mahajan

Ashwini Shete Arun Risbud Arati Mane

Received: 31 October 2014 / Accepted: 10 February 2015 / Published online: 15 February 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Abstract Saliva plays an important role in maintaining microbial homeostasis in the oral cavity, while salivary gland hypofunction predisposes the oral mucosa to pathologic alteration and increases the risk for oral candidiasis. This study sought to determine the salivary ow rate (SFR) and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and evaluate their relationship with the determinants of oral candidiasis. Sixty HIV-positive (30 with and 30 without oral candidiasis) and 30 healthy HIV-negative individuals were enrolled. Cotton pellet was weighed preand post-saliva collection for the assessment of SFR, while SIgA levels were estimated by commercial ELISA (Diametra, Italy) kit. The mean SD, SFR and SIgA levels in HIV-positive individuals with candidiasis, without candidiasis and HIV-negative controls were0.396 0.290, 0.546 0.355 and 0.534 0.214 ml/ min and 115.891 37.621, 136.024 51.075 and 149.418 31.765 lg/ml, respectively. A positive correlation between low CD4 counts (indicator of immunodeciency) and SIgA was observed in HIV-positive individuals with candidiasis (r = 0.373, p = 0.045). We also report here for the rst time the signicant

decrease in SFR and SIgA levels in individuals presenting with pseudomembranous type of oral candidiasis and Candida albicans infection.

Keywords Oral candidiasis HIV-positive

Salivary ow rate Secretory IgA

Introduction

The main sequelae of human immunodeciency virus (HIV) infection are frequent and persistent opportunistic infections at mucosal surfaces, notably oral candidiasis. It has been estimated that more than 90 % of HIV-positive individuals develop this often debilitating infection at some time during the course of their disease [1]. Candida species that colonize the oral cavity are the source of yeasts that cause oral candidiasis [2]. The process of colonization depends in part on the interaction...