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Abstract
Urbanization is an inevitable trend of the development of human civilization. In the process of urbanization, human have learned lessons from protecting and inheriting cultural heritage or damaging and destroying it, and also accumulated precious experience, finally formed a reasonable path to harmoniously deal with the relationship between urbanization and cultural heritage protection. Besides, the accomplishment has been incorporated into the cause of the symbiosis of cultural diversity and the construction of harmonious cities. China's contemporary urbanization has been developing rapidly, thus its cultural heritage protection is facing severe challenges. However, the relationship between urbanization and cultural heritage protection is not completely conflicting. Coordinative development between the two is increasingly becoming a social consensus. The win-win result of China's urbanization and cultural heritage protection will make its own contribution to the progress of world's urbanization and cultural heritage protection.
Keywords Urbanization, Cultural heritage protection, Urban heritage, Cultural diversity
1 Urbanization is an inevitable development tendency of human civilization
It has been 6 million years since the "divorcing" of "man" from "ape", but less than 10,000 years since the founding of cities1'1. City has become "the cradle of civilization" after the first city was founded, because it created state system, real written languages, and the earliest intellectuals. Since then, it has been the driver of human civilization, carrying almost all milestone civilization development and transformation events in human history.
"Urbanization" is a necessary trend of sustainable human civilization, and objective rule that will not change with human wills, the level of urbanization has already become a significant index for defining economic and social development level of a country. From 1760 to 1850, the United Kingdom became the first country in the world with an urbanization level above 50%. In 1920, urbanization level of the United States rose to 51.4% sharply. In the 1950s, urbanization rate of the UK achieved 79%, that of the US 64.2%, Germany 64.7%, Canada 60.9%, France 55.2%, Sweden 65.7%. Urbanization rate of other eastern European countries also exceeded 50% in the 1980s, such as Bulgaria, Hungary, Democratic Republic of Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and so on1'1. By 2010, urbanization rate of the US was up to 82.3%, UK 90.1%, Australia 89.1%, Israel 91.7%, and South Korea 81.9%.
Compared to the...