Groundwater balance estimation in karst by using simple conceptual rainfall-runoff model

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Web End = Environ Earth Sci (2015) 74:60016015 DOI 10.1007/s12665-015-4624-z

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Web End = Groundwater balance estimation in karst by using simple conceptual rainfallrunoff model

Ivanaeljkovi1 Ana Kadi1

Received: 16 December 2014 / Accepted: 7 June 2015 / Published online: 18 June 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Abstract The objective of this work is the study of Opaac karst spring which geographically lies in Dalmatia (Croatia). Numerous studies have been carried out in karst aiming the investigation of groundwater regime. The karst spring hydrograph can reect the groundwater regime and consequently the analysis is based on them. A simple conceptual rainfallrunoff model is used for the estimation of groundwater balance components including the inuences of time-invariant catchment boundaries (Juki and Deni-Juki 2009). The proposed parameter estimation procedure merges the soil-moisture balance and the groundwater balance approaches to obtain the complete groundwater budget. The effective rainfall is calculated by using mathematical model based on soil-moisture balance equations, i.e. Palmers uid mass balance method. The parameters of model of effective rainfall are determined by using simple conceptual rainfallrunoff model consisting of two linear reservoirs representing the fast and slow ow component of the recession. The weight coefcient between the fast and slow component is determined by using base ow index analysis of hydrograph. Recession coefcient of the slow ow component and the weight coefcient are determined from hydrograph analysis. Available data from nearby meteorological station includes daily average discharge, the amount of precipitation, the average temperature and the humidity from 1995 to 2010. The average catchment area is also estimated with the average yearly runoff decit using Turcs method and compared with the values obtained from the application of

the rainfallrunoff model. NashSutcliffe model efciency, root mean square error and Pearsons correlation coefcient for simulated hydrograph are applied to assess the predictive power of model. Calculated groundwater balance shows that the Opaac spring aquifer contains a signicant storage capacity. The application of series of linear reservoirs is a classical and common technique, but the proposed simple approach enables the estimation of...