Bench surgery training for sinus lift procedures by modeling the sinus lining with an eggshell membrane: A technical report

Abstract

Context: Simple low-fidelity process models can be constructed using anatomically similar or analogous materials and can be equivalent to the use of high-fidelity, animal or cadaveric models. Aim s: The objective of the present report is to describe the construction and learning experience of a low-fidelity model for sinus lift procedures. Settings and Design: An anatomic model was constructed using a dried human skull into which, an eggshell membrane (ESM) was affixed to mimic the sinus membrane. Subjects and Methods: Totally, 17 implantology instructors were asked to perform a direct and an indirect sinus lift technique on each of the two halves of the prepared maxilla. Following the procedure, the participants completed a feedback questionnaire to ascertain their impressions on the characteristics of ESM and the suitability and handling of the model. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive data were generated and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the opinions on direct sinus lift versus indirect sinus lift and validity of the model versus ESM behavior respectively. Results: A majority of the participants felt that the model is an effective educational tool for teaching sinus lift procedures. The participants agreed/strongly agreed that ESM showed a strong visual resemblance to sinus membrane and demonstrated excellent tear resistance during surgery. Conclusions: The model can be used for education on the practical aspects of sinus lift surgery and allows residents to learn and practice sinus lift procedures before they take on real patients.