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ABSTRACT:
Furan is a five member aromatic heterocyclic compound. The current review involved recent advance in the synthesis of furan derivative by different researcher. The study also focused on reactivity and therapeutic aspect of furan derivatives.
KEYWORDS: Synthesis, Chemistry, Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Analgesic, Antiinflammatory, Anti oxidant.
INTRODUCTION:
The five membered aromatic heterocyclic compounds were considered as important chemical entities due to various biochemical process1. One of the heterocyclic compound furfural as a derivative of furan was first isolated in 1832 by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner as a byproduct during formic acid synthesis2. In 1901 the German chemist Carl Harries deduced furfural's structure. The nucleus of furfural (Furan) can be prepared from tetra hydrophenol3. They are important structural fragment for many active pharmaceutical ingredient and pharmacologically active compounds4. Furan was considered as common structural motifs available in many natural products5. Its derivatives obtained from sCynOthOeHtic( CaHndOHn)a4tCurOal resources have wide range of pharmaceutical interest because of biological activities. TOhe furan derivatives showed interesting biological activity suCcOh Oa+sH nematocCidOalO6,Hi(nCseHctOicHid)a4lC7, OaOntHibacterial8, antifungal9, antiviral10, antioxidant11, anti inflammatory12-13and antinociceptive 14-15 property.
Synthesis of furan derivatives:
Furan was obtained from pine-wood5. It may be prepared by the dry distillation of mucic acid. Which upon heating obtained furoic acid, at its boiling point. Furic acid then converted to furan by decarboxylation.
Furan can also be obtained from furfural by oxide catalyst.
A general method of preparing furan derivative is to dehydrate 1, 4-di ketones or dialdehydes with phosphorous pentoxide, sulphuric acid.
Alternatively, furan derivatives may be prepared from ethylacetoacetate in the presence of iodine.
When diacetosuccinic ester was heated with dilute sulphuric acid 2, 5-dimethylfuran-3, 4-dicarbo xylic acid is formed.
Furan derivatives may also be prepared by the Feist Benary synthesis (1902, 1911) where α-chloro ketone is condensed with a β-keto ester in the presence of pyridine5.
Au (I)-catalyzed hydroamination17 or hydration of 1, 3-diynes allows formation of 2, 5-diamidofurans. This method can also be expanded to 2, 5-disubstituted furans.
2, 5-Disubstituted 3-iodofurans18 can be prepared in presence of palladium or copper as catalyst. The cross coupling reaction is taken place between beta bromo enol acetate and terminal alkynes followed by iodocyclization.
An efficient substitution reaction19 of propargylic acetates in enoxysilanes under mild conditions in the presence of FeCl3 as...