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Eur J Crim Policy Res (2015) 21:303320
DOI 10.1007/s10610-014-9268-0
Published online: 11 December 2014# Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
Abstract Previous research examining the illegal wildlife market has primarily centered on actor-or stage-based approaches. Recent research has highlighted the value of examining the unique characteristics that make wildlife products suitable targets. Specifically, these studies have examined the concealable, removable, available, valuable, enjoyable, disposable (CRAVED) nature of wildlife hot products, particularly during the initial taking or poaching stage. However, these characteristics are not necessarily static and can change throughout the course of a products progression through the illicit market. Depending on the stage, the specific elements of CRAVED may also fluctuate in relevance and importance. In this paper, we examine the utility of the CRAVED model in examining wildlife products of their progression through illegal markets. We argue that although the model is useful in examining specific aspects of the illegal wildlife market, it may be limited in its ability to account for the unique characteristics and nuances of wildlife products. Due to this we introduce a new framework we refer to as concealable, available, processable, transferrable, useable, removable, enjoyable, desirable (CAPTURED) that adapts and extends the original CRAVED model. We discuss the potential utility of the CAPTURED model in examining illegal wildlife market, as well as implications of the new framework for theory and policy.
Keywords Crime science . Illegal markets . Illegal wildlife market . Transnational crime . Wildlife crime
Introduction
Products made from wildlife are commonplace in markets around the world and have been for centuries. The practice of turning nature into products such as food, clothes, and medicine has a long and varied history across cultures. While much of the worlds wildlife is traded legally,
W. D. Moreto (*)
University of Central Florida, 12805 Pegasus Drive, Orlando, FL 32816-1600, USA e-mail: [email protected]
A. M. Lemieux
Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Postbus 71304, 1008 BH Amsterdam, Netherlandse-mail: [email protected]
From CRAVED to CAPTURED: Introducinga Product-Based Framework to Examine Illegal Wildlife Markets
William D. Moreto & A. M. Lemieux
304 W.D. Moreto, A.M. Lemieux
many are also exploited and sold through illicit channels. Unfortunately, the existence of domestic and international illegal wildlife markets threaten the survival of wildlife throughout the...