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Abstract
Seventy years of the sovereignty under the Russia, the collapse of the Soviet power has caused the emergence of new states. In the early of the 1990s the Central Asian Republic of Turkmenistan and the Caucasus Republic of Azerbaijan freed from the oppression of communism and in a successive declare their political independence. There are important developments regarding the Turkish world. In these countries the media was covered by Soviet-Communist Theory was used as propaganda and persuasion tool of the political regime in USSR period. After gaining the independence both Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan have passed form the Soviet media system to the New Authoritarian media system. But according to the media that completly operate under the authoritarian regime in Turkmenistan, the media in Azerbaijan has managed to be freer editorial context. The process undergone by the media of Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan from Communist Theory to the New Authoritarian Theory will be examined in this study in detail.
Keywords: Media, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Soviet-Communist Theory, New Authoritarian Theory
Introduction
It is well known that communication instruments have been conflicts and clashes with political power since the process in which first appeared. Thus political power has sought to control the communication with strict regulations throughout history. In this context, the main reason of the variations in social and communication tools, expected to play a role in the political process, is diffences in the political system (I§ik, 2002: 2). Political system in the country has shaped the communication system as the main determinant of the relationship (Weischenberg, 1992: 86). With regard to the political system, general arrangement of the economic life affects the communication system (Içik, 2002: 11). After 1917 revolution, a process had begun where there are fundamental changes in every sector of society with the establishment of the Soviet Union. Soviet Media and other mass media formed the normative framework of a new media theory in this process by organizing based on the Marxist doctrine and in accordance with the fundamental principles developed by Lenin (Kaya, 1985: 55). According to Schramm, who looked on that Media Theory of the Soviet Totalitarian serves as an extension of the Authoritarian Theory, although Marx never actually mentioned the mass communication problems, Marxist idea formed the basis of the...