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Copyright Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ethnology 2015

Abstract

The beginnings of modern Greek philosophy have already indicated that man is not a reliable information processor, because he is unable to completely encompass the real world at a cognitive level. Thus, already Plato distinguished between the knowledge of the real true belief (epistémé) and opinion (doxa). F. Bacon assumed that human senses are not the measure of reality. Psychologists A. Tversky and D. Kahneman pointed out that people do not follow rational arguments and set rules in their judgments. Rather, they use heuristics, which are simplified judgment rules that enable quick judgments, often biased by individual's subjective beliefs. These wrong conclusions induce false ideas or fallacies. There are deductive and inductive fallacies. We contemplate the ratio of cognitive fallacies in forming and existence of conspiracy theories. Deliberate use of fallacies and biases is characteristic of the use of conspiracy theories in propaganda. Wrong judgments are made due to wrong understanding of coincidental events, insufficient processing of the laws of statistical regression and the tendency to search for confirmation. Preferred are verbal techniques in the form of naive and ritualized terms and statements based on unidentifiable fallacies.

Details

Title
KOGNITíVNE SKRESLENIA AKO SÚCAST SPRISAHANECKÝCH TEÓRIÍ
Author
Ruisel, Imrich
Pages
207-223
Publication year
2015
Publication date
2015
Publisher
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ethnology
ISSN
13351303
e-ISSN
13399357
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
Slovak
ProQuest document ID
1733143265
Copyright
Copyright Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ethnology 2015