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Abstract
Aim: To review about the oral cancer in India
Objective: To understand about the prevalence, management, cause, symptoms, diagnosis and management of oral cancer in detail
Background: Oral cancer is defined as uncontrollable growth of cells seen in the oral cavity. It appears as a growth or sore in the mouth that does not cure. Oral cancer includes cancers of the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, sinuses, and pharynx.Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of oral cancer.
Reason : In the present century the prevalence of oral cancer is more due to excessive consumption of alcohol, tobacco chewing, smoking. Men face twice the risk of developing oral cancer when compared to women.
Key Words- Oral cancer, tobacco, alcohol consumption, poor oral hygiene, low economic status, diet
INTRODUCTION
Cancers are the most commonest cause of death in adults[1]. Oral cancer is any malignant neoplasm which is found on the lip, floor of the mouth, cheek lining, gingiva, palate or in the tongue. Oral cancer is among the top three types of cancers in India[2]. Severe alcoholism,use of tobacco like cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, betel nut chewing and human papilloma virus(HPV) are the most common risk factors for oral cancer[3,4]. Oral cancer may also occur due to poor dental care and poor diet[5].The incidence of oral cancer is highest in India, south and Southeast Asian countries. In India, 90 -95% of the oral cancers is squamous cell carcinoma [6]. The international agency for research on cancer has predicted that India's incidence of cancer will increase from 1 million in 2012 to more than 1.7 million in 2035. This indicates that the death rate because of cancer will also increase from 680000 to 12 2 in the same period[7]. A case control study from India demonstrates that oral cancer is interrelated with low income. Low social economic class is interrelated with factors like nutrition, health care, living condition and risk behaviors which contributes to the development of oral cancer[8]. In many low-income and middle-income countries, including India, most of the population does not have access to a well organized and well regulated cancer care system. A diagnosis of cancer often leads to high personal health expenditures. Such expenditures...