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Web End = J Food Sci Technol (January 2016) 53(1):703711 DOI 10.1007/s13197-015-2019-5
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Design and development of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seed separator machine
R. G. Math1 & G. Ramesh1 & A. Nagender1 & A. Satyanarayana1
Revised: 4 May 2015 /Accepted: 4 September 2015 /Published online: 15 September 2015 # Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2015
Abstract A small, continuous power operated machine with a capacity of 132 kg/h was designed, fabricated and evaluated its performance for separation of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds from freshly harvested pods. Physical and engineering parameters of annatto pods and seeds were evaluated to design a machine. The densities of pod, seed, and husk are 134.7 to 186.0 kg/m3, 1206 to 1253.9 kg/m3, 317 to 381.4 kg/m3 respectively. The moisture content of seeds were in the range18.83 20.1 % (db) and pod 8 to 10 % (db). Bixin content of seed was in the range 1.34 to 1.765 %. The friction angle for pod, seed, and husk lies between angle 30.15 to 35.76. Breaking force was 98 N at a span of 14.5 mm. The machine consisted of concentric cylinders and beaters with different pitch of 40, 45 and 50 mm and a length of shaft is 800 mm. The actual machine output was observed to be 132.5 kg/h. Maximum bixin content was found to be retained at 300 rpm.
Keywords Annatto . Seed Separator . Design .
Development . Mechanical properties . Seed quality . Fabrication . Machine
NomenclatureNsh Rotational speed of rotor cylinder shaft in rpm
T Torque applied, N m P Power, wattE1 Kinetic energy, joule
Vlin Linear velocity m s1m1 Mass of beater in Nm2 Mass of annatto pod in NV Change in velocity after collision, m s1
E0 Energy required to break one pod, joule
Fmax Maximum cutting (shear) force, N
Dpod Diameter of annatto pod, m Din Inner cylinder, m
Deff Effective diameter, mg Gravitational force, 9.81 ms1
Dsh Diameter rotor cylinder shaft, mKt Co-efficient of fatigue and shock factor in torsion,1.5kb Co-efficient of fatigue and shock factor in bending, 2