Genotoxicity Effects in Freshwater Fish from a Brazilian Impacted River

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Web End = Bull Environ Contam Toxicol (2016) 96:490495 DOI 10.1007/s00128-016-1755-1

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Web End = Genotoxicity Effects in Freshwater Fish from a Brazilian Impacted River

Isac Silva de Jesus1 Marta Margarete Cestari3 Marcos de Almeida Bezerra2

Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello Affonso1

Received: 2 October 2015 / Accepted: 8 February 2016 / Published online: 19 February 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016

Abstract This study evaluated the incidence of nuclear abnormalities (NA) in four sh species from an impacted river in Northeastern Brazil, characterized by accumulation of heavy metals and organic sewage. Two carnivores (Serrasalmus brandtii and Hoplias malabaricus) and two omnivore species (Oreochromis niloticus and Geophagus brasiliensis), used as food sources by local populations, were collected during the dry and the rainy season along Contas River basin. Nuclear abnormalities (bulbs, binuclei, lobes, micronuclei, notches, and vacuoles) were reported in all sh samples, with high occurrence in S. brandtii and H. malabaricus, species commonly found in local sh markets. This result agrees with previous analyses of accumulation of trace metals in both species, suggesting an association of genotoxic effects and biomagnication. Moreover, native specimens collected near urban areas presented higher frequencies of NA while O. niloticus seems to be more tolerant to environmental contamination. Therefore, effective policies are required to reduce the contamination of Contas River, since pollution by xenobiotics are potential threats to both local biodiversity and human population.

Keywords Biomagnication Ecotoxicology

Micronuclei Risk assessment

The semiarid region in Northeastern Brazil comprises the second largest human population in the country (IBGE 2010). Because of dry climate and high temperatures, freshwater in this region is scarce and most urban and rural areas are concentrated along hydrographic river basins. As a result, most rivers in this area are impacted by industrial, agricultural and domestic efuents, degradation of riparian vegetation and intensive utilization of water resources. This is the case of Contas River basin in the state of Bahia, with nearly 56,000 km2 encompassing 76 municipalities (SRH 2007; Correia et al. 2014). Recent studies based on water samples and animal bioindicators have shown...