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ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to compare the effect of smoking on the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in chronic periodontal disease. The response of periodontal treatment and its effect on the level of the CRP was also observed in both groups.
Hundred patients with chronic periodontitis were taken. Smoking history of the patients was assessed and accordingly, they were categorized as: Group A (smokers) and Group B (nonsmokers). Periodontal evaluation was done on every patient and blood samples were collected for noting the levels of CRP. All patients were then given treatment of chronic periodontitis by mechanical removal of calculus as well as prescription of antimicrobials and mouth rinses. Periodontal evaluation and blood samples were repeated three months after the given treatment to check the change in CRP levels.
At Baseline, CRP levels of smoker group was more than nonsmoker group. Three months after the given periodontal treatment, the periodontal health was significantly improved. Mean CRP level in both smoker group and nonsmoker group was significantly decreased.
Chronic periodontitis has significant effect on CRP levels. Chronic periodontitis may add to the inflammatory burden of an individual and this can be reverted to some extent if appropriate treatment is given. This response will not be affected by adverse effects of smoking.
Key Words: Creactive protein, Chronic periodontitis, Smoking.
INTRODUCTION Chronic Periodontal infections has been identified as a potential risk factor for systemic pathologies such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes mellitus, preterm labor, stroke, respiratory conditions.1-3 Fortunately, it is a modifiable risk factor since periodontal disease can be easily prevented and treated.4 There is an increasing interest among the researchers to observe role of periodontitis on level of C-reactive protein in diseased as well otherwise healthy individuals.5,6,7 C-reactive protein is an acute phase protein synthesized in liver and is normally present as a trace constituent of plasma or serum in diseased as well otherwise healthy individuals. Elevated CRP goes hand in hand with traditional risk factors for heart disease, such as smoking, obesity, high blood pressure or elevated cholesterol, and rarely occurs in their absence. Recently, it is being preferred on ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate), as a routine prognostic test and has become valuable as cholesterol level in lipid profile to predict...