Research on Innovation Design of Chinese Paper Cutting Pattern Based on Evolutionary Algorithm

Headnote

Abstract: At present, the paper-cut art inheritance is still hand mouth, making the quality of the products is also vary from person to person, quality is uneven, is not conducive to the development of paper-cut art. Therefore, in the era of intelligence, informationization, innovation is a new method of paper-cut art, with computer to replace artificial to pattern design is very necessary. According to the analysis of the characteristics of the paper-cut patterns, the use of evolution, the computer system can search multiple point in the global, automatically optimize the mathematical model, to make it more close to the real state, so as to realize the design of a single pattern, at the same time, because of the evolutionary algorithm can find the optimal solution in a short period of time, the effective close to user requirements, the system also can be a combination of all sorts of design design. Through the simulation shows that although the computer design of paper cutting is still at the preliminary stage, but evolutionary algorithms in the application of computer paper cutting design system can be implemented, the value of the research, development, promotion.

Keywords: Evolutionary algorithm; paper cutting; pattern design.

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)

1. Introduction

1.1. Literature Review

For the purpose of this article put forward the question, there are many experts and scholars are studied, and important conclusions are obtained and results.On the second side, on the basis of continuous pattern research, using evolutionary art thoughts make a selection and mutation operation, produce different shapes of decorating pattern, through evaluate the works of art and innovation, get rich variety of pattern library, at the same time to extract the feature set of excellent works in the knowledge base for designers reference. The control key point of rational b-spline curve and surface, power factor and three node vector control factors using hierarchical coding genetic algorithm, by the user to evaluate the interactive entity, eventually to the public satisfaction as the fitness function of genetic algorithm, then the genetic encoding, crossover and mutation operators filtered through the size of the fitness function, finally get a satisfactory solution. Apply genetic algorithm to base on the curve. (Reynares, E., Caliusco, M. L., & Galli, M. R., 2014) In the process of flower pattern design using local lines in the process of flower pattern design variable and the overall symmetry characteristics put forward a kind of method in view of the local change of design. Through the initial design line control point code generating initial population by using the genetic algorithm of genetic operation, resulting in a partial similar overall different design results. In view of the specific design requirements is constructed for the coding scheme of produce method, population, genetic operators and the various parameters, such as constraint conditions. Examples show that this method can be used to make the initial design produces a variety of changes, the flowers design innovative design provides an effective method. (Harzer, E., 2015) Through the analysis of paper-cut patterns and generalization, abstract the paper-cut patterns required, using real number coding genetic algorithm and complex coding genetic algorithm based on double structure generates a large number of flexible patterns; At the same time, in the process of operation, the improved genetic strategy, in terms of the selection of fitness function, through the deep research in contour curve, the introduction of homogeneous factor and smoothing factor, etc.; And according to the different encoding, to improve the genetic operation such as crossover and mutation, to improve the diversity of population is generated, so rich and colorful pattern library construction. This paper on the basis of wavelet analysis to extract the energy characteristics of singular value features of NMI (normalized monent and wavelet moment characteristics, and made a comparison recognition test. Effective use of the combination of the wavelet multi-resolution characteristics, to eliminate the interference of noise, while maintaining the singular value and the characteristics of NMI (normalized monent, and this method is simple, easy to implement. Wavelet moment features strong grasp the ability and the ability to resist noise, the details of the image through the paper-cut patterns extracted wavelet moment, to obtain a multiscale feature of image. Mean and standard deviation of the component with different characteristics, to achieve N class model of feature selection. Experiments prove that the method can effectively remove the noise, the better identification has a certain artistic exaggeration of paper-cut patterns (Runa, A. I. D. N. F., & Miranda, G. L., 2015).

The current for the purpose of this article put forward the research mostly focused on the paper-cut patterns were collected for image preprocessing, eliminate noise, the image segmentation, isolated from the paper-cut image of complex individual patterns. And then through the analysis of the characteristics of paper-cut patterns, using the method of algebra, geometry, statistics and so on, established the library of paper-cut patterns, these patterns covers the basic pattern of the paper-cut art creation, and then through the genetic algorithm of basic patterns for various calculation methods such as combination, covering various operations of want paper-cut patterns. The existing research results, in their zeal to pattern is already relatively mature, but subsequent algorithm is more complex and difficult. So in this article, we want to be able to get a relatively simple algorithm to implement the innovation design of paper-cut patterns.

1.2. Computer Aided Design

Computer Aided Design (CAD Computer Aided Design) refers to the use of computers and graphics.

Ready to help designers to design work. Often want to use the computer in the design of different schemes are a lot of calculation, analysis and comparison, to determine the optimal solution. All sorts of design information, whether it's digital, text or graphics, can be stored in the computer's memory or CRT, and can quickly retrieve. Designers often use drawing design, the sketch into a working drawing of hard work can be done to the computer. Designed by the computer automatically generated as a result, can quickly make graphics, make a design personnel in a timely manner to judge for design and modification. Using the computer can carry out with the graphic editing, amplification, narrow, translation and rotation and other related graphic data processing work.

CAD (Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design) is a concept developed by the Massachusetts of technology, a CAD team take the lead in the early 1960 s. In 1967, the United States, lockheed developed commercial CADAM system, the use of CAD (mainly in the field of aerospace, automobile and ship manufacturing) began to enter into the practical phase. But the vast majority of the CAD system is developed using itself is given priority to, and often for a topic, independent research and development, for the specific purpose of professional program to complete the design of automation, so the designer's intention in a timely manner to reflect to the design. In the mid - 70 - s, the mainstream of the computer from the mainframe to the direction of the individual machine and a single-chip, CAD system developers and users have differentiated, a professional CAD system developers. Into the 80 s, CAD combined with microcomputer and the working station look, not only in the field of CAD using the traditional aspects such as mechanical, electronic circuit development, and in the construction industry, household electrical appliances such as the use of industrial design presents the diversified forms. In the late 80 s, CAD and Computer Graphics technology (CG - Computer Graphics), the 2 d plane mapping system to the production and processing data with the direction of 3 d CAD system of rapid development. To enter in the late 90 s, with the rapid development of network technology for the integration of CAD and collaborative provides a strong support, making it possible to handle concurrent engineering assignments. Engineering project as the core, production of different regions in a "virtual community" can timely sharing graphics library, database, material storage and all resources on the Internet.

In the 70s, small computer costs decline, American industry began to use interactive drawing system.

In the 80s, due to the application of PC, CAD development rapidly, and a specialized company engaged in the development of CAD system. Versa CAD is a professional CAD production company at that time, the development of CAD software is powerful, but because of its expensive, it cannot be widely applied. At a time when the Autodesk company is a small company, only a few employees function while CAD system of its development is limited, but because of its free copies, so is widely used in society. At the same time, due to the openness of the system, the CAD software upgrade quickly.

The designers have long started to use the computer to calculate. Some people think that Ivan Sutherland in 1963 at the Massachusetts institute of technology development of the Sketchpad is a turning point. SKETCHPAD outstanding characteristic is that it allows designers and computer graphic way interaction: can be designed using a light pen on a cathode ray tube screen drawing into the computer. In fact, this is the prototype of the graphical user interface, the interface is indispensable to modern CAD properties.

Is one of the earliest application of CAD in automobile manufacturing, aerospace and electronics industry in big companies. As computers become cheaper, wide application range is gradually get.

The realization of the CAD technology after many evolved since that time. The beginning of this field is mainly used to produce or hand-painted drawing drawings. The development of computer technology makes the computer get more skilled application in design activities. Today, CAD has not only used for drawing and display, it began to enter the designer's expertise in more a part of the "smart".

With the development of computer technology, the performance boost and the cheaper price, many companies have adopted the three-dimensional drawing design. The limitation of the past, because of the computer performance, drawing software can only stay in the plane design, lack of sense of reality, and 3 d drawing to break through the limit, make more materialization design blueprint.

CAD type belong to emerging cross discipline. At the beginning of the development of CAD software, the simple meaning of CAD is substitute for board, is the Computer Aided Drawing or Drafting, stands for Computer Aided Drawing, rather than now we discussed in the CAD (Computer Aided Design) all of the content. Until the late 70 s, CAD technology in two-dimensional drawing as the main target, then 2 d graphics as a branch of CAD technology and relatively independent, the smooth development. In today's China CAD users, especially in the initial CAD user, still occupies a considerable proportion of the 2 d drawing.

CAD technology in the early stages of development in our country, since the '60 s in basic theory research, software environment and the development of practical CAD system has made some achievements, but due to various reasons, the commercialization of the CAD system level is not high.

1.3. Paper-Cut Art

Folk culture is the basis and cultural roots of the culture. Folk art is an important carrier of folk culture in our country, therefore, like the pattern of Chinese folk paper-cutting art style of promote, heritage is of great importance, lost its style characteristics, will loose that collapsed the basis of national culture, losing their culture. Losing their ethnic culture, it is hard to stand on its own among the nations of the world's racial discrimination in today's world, in particular, can also interact with strong culture. In our country is a developing country, although there are economic development, but has not been developed, based on the economy of the Chinese civilization, although is a great, glorious and has a long tradition, it is still in a vulnerable position. If that is blind to this point, let the impregnation of strong culture, like China's folk paper-cut art style of national culture will lose its own characteristics. Take the content of national art style, embodied in the Chinese folk paper-cut art forms such as function, national content includes: the national spirit, feelings, self-esteem, self-improvement, will as well as the historical and cultural experience and so on. Because of this, we can from Poland will style the paper-cut works apart from the Chinese folk paper-cut works. China's folk paper-cut art to labor people's life, thoughts and feelings have great influence and penetration. Excellent heritage of folk art style, which is beneficial to cultivate the national spirit, strengthen, national cohesion. Therefore, the research and understanding, grasp the style of Chinese folk paper-cut art, for passing on China's folk paper-cut art has an important guiding role, protection. Correct understanding of China's folk paper-cut art style, but also to the exploration and development of China's folk paper-cut art itself. This is my understanding of folk art style on purpose, is willing to China's folk paper-cut art style of evergreen tree.

With the rapid development of computer aided design technology, people have already taken the computer as a visualization tool to realize the design scheme. Pattern innovation design is a new and active important branch in the field of computer application (Liu, K., Wu, L., Lü, J., & Zhu, H., 2016). Innovative design method based on evolutionary algorithm is a kind of mature optimization and search algorithm, which could apply to the Aided Design field by simulating the evolution in nature to achieve the function optimization, automatic control, production scheduling, etc. (Jakob, G., Stephens, E., Feller, R., Oey, M., Hankamer, B., & Ross, I. L., 2016).

Paper-cut art is one of the most ancient han Chinese folk art, as a kind of hollow out art, it can give a person with the vision to the feeling of nearby and art enjoyment.Paper cut with scissors to cut paper into all sorts of patterns, such as window, door depicting flowers, snuff, ceiling, wall, etc.Whenever festivals or wedding celebrations, people will be beautiful colorful paper-cutting to stick on the Windows, walls, doors and lanterns in the home, festive atmosphere foil as more warmly.In the countryside, paper cuttings are usually done by women and girls.In the past, paper-cutting is almost every girl must master the art by hand, and it has been a standard to evaluate the bride.In China north and south of paper-cut art, through a pair of scissors and a piece of paper, can express all kinds of joys and sorrows of life.

But because of the traditional paper-cutting is made by hand, low efficiency, high production cost, time is long, the quality is also vary from person to person (Xiao, L., Ma, H., Liu, J., Zhao, W., Jia, Y., Zhao, Q., ... & Jiang, K., 2015), so it is difficult to passing on carrying forward, let more people know.In order to break through these limitations, people think of using a computer aided design system, programming and the design of mass production, improve efficiency, ensure the quality.Formal based on this consideration, this paper studies using computer aided design technology to simulate the paper-cut design method.

2. Evolutionary Computation

2.1. Basic Concepts

Evolutionary computation uses a simple encoding technique to represent a variety of complex structures, it includs genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolutionary programming and evolutionary strategies, etc. (Koltick, N., 2015). Although it has a lot of change, with different genetic gene expression, different crossover and mutation operator, the special operators references, as well as the different regeneration and selection methods, but they produce inspiration comes from the nature of biological evolution. With the traditional method based on calculus and exhaustive method compared to the optimization algorithm such as evolutionary computation is a kind of mature has high robustness and global optimization method of wide applicability, has the characteristics of self-organizing, adaptive and self-learning, cannot restricted by the nature, effectively deal with the traditional optimization algorithm is difficult to solve complex problems.Evolutionary design is a technique that is used to design the computer aided design, in this paper, the evolutionary computation method is applied to the research of Chinese paper cutting innovation design, it is a changed and improved design process (Niazi, M. A., 2015).

The strategies used in evolutionary computation have the following characteristics: the evolutionary algorithm is not directly in the solution space, but the use of the solution of a kind of encoding said; evolutionary algorithm searches from multiple points, which is one of the main reasons that it can find the global optimal solution in a large probability (Li, L., 2015). the evolutionary algorithm uses adaptive information of the solution, and carries on the trade-off between increasing the income and reducing the cost; evolutionary algorithms use random transfer rules instead of deterministic transfer rules (Staff, C. A. C. M., 2015).

Evolutionary computation is a robust method, can adapt to different environment, different problems, and in most cases can be satisfactory efficient solution.His whole parameter space of the problem gives a kind of coding scheme, rather than to deal with problems of specific parameters directly, not from a single initial point search, but from a set of initial search point.Search is used in the objective function value of the information, you don't have to use the objective function of derivative information or special knowledge related to the specific problems.Thus evolutionary algorithm has extensive applicability, highly nonlinear, easy to modify and parallelism.In addition, the algorithm itself can be used in a dynamic adaptive technology, automatic adjustment in the process of evolutionary algorithm and coding accuracy control parameters, such as using fuzzy adaptive method.

2.2. Evolutionary Strategy Algorithm Commonly

Evolutionary strategy algorithm commonly

1. the problem is to find real value n dimensional vector x, make the function F (x): R -> R take extreme value. Do not break general, set up the program for the minimization process.

2. from the dimension range of possible random parent xi, I = 1,..., p value. The distribution of initial test is generally evenly distributed.

3. by adding zero mean for each component x and the standard deviation of the gaussian random variables selected in advance, the offspring from each parent x^sub i^x^sub i^'.

4. by using a fitness F (xi) and F (xi '), I = 1,..., P to sort, select and determine which vector. Has the smallest fitness P vector into the next generation of new parents.

New trials, choose new offspring with least variance, until fully solution, or until a terminating condition is satisfied.

In this model, the weight of the test solution as the behavior of the individual characteristics, rather than along the chromosome arrangement of genes. Assume that no matter what genetic transformation, each individual behavior changes are caused by a zero mean and a standard deviation of the gaussian distribution.

Because of pleiotropy and multiple genes, specific genetic change can affect a number of phenotypic traits. So when creating new sub system, a more appropriate change at the same time all parents.

2.3. Algorithm Flow

Step 1: initialize. Set number of genes m, individual number q, choose the standard deviationσ0 Gauss white noise as the random mutation factor gene, select the appropriate function fit(x) according to the problem and individual capability evaluation function f (xi) that match with fit(x), and f (xi) meet:

... (1)

Step 2: in the solution space of the problem, produce 5 individuals as the initial species X (0) uniformly and randomly, according to the formula (1) to get each individual gene (Rössler, C., Oehri, D., Zilberberg, O., Blatter, G., Karalic, M., Pijnenburg, J., ... & Wegscheider, W., 2015).

Step 3: fit (k(x)) is calculated by the fitness function of the population. To determine whether to meet the evolution of the conditions or to reach the maximum reproductive algebra. If it is "YES" the end, otherwise continue.

Step 4: calulate the number of individuals M within the population with the ability to reproduce:

... (2)

Individuals within populations are evaluated according to the individual's ability of f (xi) in order to rank from high to low. the first M individuals with the strongest ability obtain the breeding opportunity and to breed q offspring (Ganguly, A., Anjaneyulu, O., Ojha, K., & Ganguli, A. K., 2015). The probability of mating is obtained by the j individual in the individual M is:

... (3)

When i and j individuals have access to mating, the same probability of their offspring's genes and i individual gene is:

... (4)

The same probability of their offspring's genes and j individual gene is:

... (5)

3. A Single Pattern Design Method for Paper Cutting Based on Evolutionary Computation

3.1. Design System Framework

In this paper, we use the evolutionary algorithm, based on the analysis of the characteristics of paper cutting patterns, to propose an evolutionary pattern design method (Chen, S., Slattum, P., Wang, C., & Zang, L., 2015). Evolution carpet pattern design system (ECPDS) is flexible to control the evolution layer, the open type of evolution strategy ensure the smooth and complete pattern to design. System framework as shown in figure:

3.2. The Design and Production of Specific Graphics

Taking the design of the flower pattern as an example: the pattern flower in the paper cutting can also be called plum blossom pattern, it is a common pattern, the algorithm is relatively simple.

The following is according to the algorithm get the petals of graphics.

4. Paper Cutting Pattern Assembly Scheme Based on Evolutionary Computation

4.1. Process of Paper Cutting Pattern Assembly Plan

After the execution of the evolutionary operation, if the generated results meet the requirements of the designer, it can be saved, otherwise, it can be carried out in the visual environment by copying, deleting, moving, rotating, scaling and so on (Moreno, L. B. A., 2015). The whole specific process of the assembly plan is shown in figure.

4.2. Generation of Paper Cutting Pattern Assembly Plan

Mutation operation selected patterns, features from some successful design, then randomly selected individuals as fathers, and appropriately selected the variation points for variation operation (Berson, C., Roux, S., & Verdugo, G., 2015). The operation can draw on the successful design experience to reuse the design results, improve the evolution of the group (Fournier, V., Spranzi, M., Foureur, N., & Brunet, L., 2015).

5. Conclusion

As the society into information and intelligence, artificial intelligence and computer technology have great development, many have a surprising change in traditional industry, science and technology and the traditional collision sparks of human wisdom. Paper-cut art of treasure of the Chinese traditional arts and crafts, nature also can't lag behind, designers try to create a system, can let the computer automatic design pattern, complete paper-cutting innovative design (Berson, C., Roux, S., & Verdugo, G., 2015).

In this article, we study the characteristics of the evolutionary algorithm, a typical process and program algorithm, and analyze the structure of the paper cutting process, steps and key points of modeling, and puts forward a kind of paper-cut design based on the pattern and pattern in the assembly of computer automatic design system. The system is based on evolutionary algorithm, which can be continuously optimized mathematical model, the simulation function is closer to the real situation, improve the effect of the system code generation, make the design more close to the intended target. At the same time, the system also have artificial operation interface, the user can control the shape of decorative pattern in the form of control parameter and the model of adjustment, it is very easy to edit operation, improve the applicability and scalability of the system.

Must face is that, of course, our study and put forward the paper-cut design computer innovation design system is still in the primary stage, we have a lot of work remains to be further research and exploration. There is no denying that, however, with the continuous development of artificial intelligence and computer technology progress, and all kinds of professional and technical personnel to advance wave upon wave of continuous efforts, paper cutting process will be realized in the near future computer automatic design, for the paper-cut art inheritance development contributes own strength.

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