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ABSTRACT:
Aim: To do review regarding Glass ionomer dental cement.
Objective: To understand the important of Glass ionomer dental cement in modern clinical dentistry.
Background: Glass ionomer cement is a kind of dental cement made of a silicate glass powder combined with a water-soluble polymer, these cements are also called "giomers." The cement is popular because it adheres to enamel and dentin and has the same natural colour as teeth. In addition, glass ionomer cement releases fluoride ions, which are beneficial to the teeth.
Conclusion: This article reviews the development and history of glass ionomer dental cement and ongoing dentistry.
KEYWORDS: Glass ionomer cements, setting reactions, advancements.
INTRODUCTION:
Glass polyalkenoate cements, more commonly known as glass-ionomers, are made of calcium or strontium alumino-fluoro-silicate glass powder (base) combined with a water soluble polymer (acid). Glass-ionomers were invented in 1969 and reported by Wilson and Kent in the early 1970s [1]. Glass-ionomer cements (GICs) are widely used in various branches of dentistry [2].One of the advantages of GIC, compared to other restorative materials, is that they can be placed in cavities without any need for bonding agents [3].This review tracks the development of GIC from the early, relatively unsuccessful product, to the present day.
History of GIC:
One of the characteristic absolutely necessary for an ideal tooth restoration material is its adhesion to tooth structure, particularly to enamel and dentin, and the capacity to withstand pressures resulting from occlusion. From 1950s on, researchers became interested in producing new materials, including the composite resins and GICs. Their aim was to produce a material with thermal, mechanical, and optical properties comparable to those of tooth structure [4]. About this time Smith began an investigation into the standard zinc oxide and eugenol cement, which was already notable for its sedative effect on an inflamed pulp [5]. He decided to use a polyalkenoic acid as the liquid, rather than eugenol, and found that the resultant cement demonstrated a level of adhesion to both tooth structure and gold [6]. However, its physical properties were less than ideal and this class of cement failed to succeed [7].
The first GIC was produced in late 1960s by Alan Wilson and his group in a chemistry laboratory in London. Since then, commercial companies...