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http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s00213-016-4515-3&domain=pdf
Web End = http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s00213-016-4515-3&domain=pdf
Web End = Psychopharmacology (2017) 234:793804 DOI 10.1007/s00213-016-4515-3
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION
Circadian behavior of adult mice exposed to stress and fluoxetine during development
Veronika Kiryanova1,2 & Victoria M. Smith1,2 & Richard H. Dyck1,2,3 &
Michael C. Antle1,2,4
Received: 27 June 2016 /Accepted: 16 December 2016 /Published online: 27 December 2016 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
AbstractIntroduction Women of child-bearing age are the population at greatest risk for depression. The stress experienced during pregnancy and the associated antidepressant treatments can both affect fetal development. Fluoxetine (FLX) is among the most common antidepressants used by pregnant women. We have previously demonstrated that perinatal exposure to FLX can alter expression of circadian rhythms in adulthood. Here, we examine the combined effects of maternal stress during pregnancy and perinatal exposure to the antidepressant FLX on the circadian behavior of mice as adults.
Methods Mouse dams were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (embryonic (E) day 7 to E18), FLX (E15 to postnatal day 12), a combination of both stress and FLX, or were left untreated. At 2 months of age, male offspring were placed in recording chambers and circadian organization of wheel running rhythms and phase shifts to photic and non-photic stimuli were assessed.
Results Mice exposed to prenatal stress (PS) had smaller light-induced phase delays. Mice exposed to perinatal FLX required more days to re-entrainment to an 8-h phase advance of their lightdark cycle. Mice subjected to either perinatal FLX or to PS had larger light-induced phase advances and
smaller phase advances to 8-OH-DPAT. FLX treatment partially reversed the effect of PS on phase shifts to late-night light exposure and to 8-OH-DPAT.
Conclusions Our results suggest that, in mice, perinatal exposure to either FLX, or PS, or their combination, leads to discernible, persistent changes in their circadian systems as adults.
Keywords Circadian rhythms . Antidepressant . Stress . Prenatal . Neonatal . Development
Introduction
Maternal stress during gestation and after birth can affect the development of infants and children and can increase a childs risk for developing affective and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism (for a review, see Kinney et al. 2008; Talge et al. 2007). Stress can precipitate depressive episodes, which may occur during pregnancy (for a review, see Monroe and Hadjiyannakis...