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Abstract
The Nudiviridae are a family of large double-stranded DNA viruses that infects the cells of the gut in invertebrates, including insects and crustaceans. The phylogenetic range of the family has recently been enhanced via the description of viruses infecting penaeid shrimp, crangonid shrimp, homarid lobsters and portunid crabs. Here we extend this by presenting the genome of another nudivirus infecting the amphipod Dikerogammarus haemobaphes. The virus, which infects cells of the host hepatopancreas, has a circular genome of 119,754 bp in length, and encodes a predicted 106 open reading frames. This novel virus encodes all the conserved nudiviral genes (sharing 57 gene homologues with other crustacean-infecting nudiviruses) but appears to lack the p6.9 gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus branches before the other crustacean-infecting nudiviruses and shares low levels of gene/protein similarity to the Gammanudivirus genus. Comparison of gene synteny from known crustacean-infecting nudiviruses reveals conservation between Homarus gammarus nudivirus and Penaeus monodon nudivirus; however, three genomic rearrangements in this novel amphipod virus appear to break the gene synteny between this and the ones infecting lobsters and penaeid shrimp. We explore the evolutionary history and systematics of this novel virus, suggesting that it be included in the novel Epsilonnudivirus genus (Nudiviridae).
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1 University of Florida, School of Forest Resource and Conservation, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091)
2 Fisheries and Aquatic Science (Cefas), International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Weymouth, Dorset, UK (GRID:grid.14332.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 0746 0155); University of Exeter, Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, Exeter, UK (GRID:grid.8391.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8024)
3 University of Florida, School of Forest Resource and Conservation, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091); University of Florida, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091); University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091)
4 Teesside University, School of Health and Life Science, Middlesbrough, UK (GRID:grid.26597.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2325 1783); Teesside University, National Horizons Centre of Excellence in Bioscience Industry, Darlington, UK (GRID:grid.26597.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2325 1783)