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ABSTRACT:
Among the bicyclic non-aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, phthalimides are an interesting class of compounds with a large range of applications. Phthalimides have served as starting materials and intermediates for the synthesis of many types of alkaloids and pharmacophores. Recently, phthalimide and some of its derivatives have proved to have important biological effects similar or even higher than known pharmacological molecules and so their biological activity is being a subject of biomedical research. Phthalimides have received attention due to their antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, antitumour, anxiolytic and anti HIV-1 activities. When phthalimide is subjected to Mannich condensation, it may yield Mannich bases which may display more potent biological activities. The present review focuses the novel synthesized phthalimides having important biological activities.
KEYWORDS: Heterocyclic, Phthalimides, Antimicrobial, Anticonvulsant, Anticancer etc.
INTRODUCTION:
Thalidomide, a drug used to treat different inflammatory diseases is also an inhibitor of TNF-a expression. It has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 1998 for a treatment of Erythema nodosum leprosum. After that, the interest in this drug has been intensified because of its effective immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
Phthalimides possess a structural features -CO-N(R)-COand an imide ring which help them to be biologically active and pharmaceutically useful. Thalidomide, first synthesized as antihistaminic drug in 1954, was introduced as a sedative hypnotic drug in 1956 but withdrawn from the marketbecause of its catastrophic teratogenicity. The teratogenic action of thalidomide was due to the (S)enantiomer. In the early 1960s, a new use was found for thalidomide as a sedative in patients suffering from lepromatous leprosy (Erythema nodosum leprosum), an acute inflammatory manifestation of lepromatous leprosy.
In recent years, N4-phthalimide derivatives have emerged as structurally novel anticonvulsants. Phthalimide and Nsubstituted phthalimides are an important class of compounds because they possess important biological activities including anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic activity and hypolipidemic activity.
Acylation of amines by phthalic anhydride produce phthalamic acid derivatives, which are organic herbicides. Further cyclization results into the formation of Nsubstituted imides, which exhibit various biological activities such as analgesic, antimicrobial, antipsychotic, anti-inflammatory, tuberculosis, hypolipidemic and anxiolytic.
Among the bicyclic non-aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, phthalimides are an interesting class of compounds with a large range of applications. Phthalimides have served as starting materials and intermediates for the synthesis of many types of...