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Abstract
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are structures that regulate physiological functions between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria in order to maintain calcium signaling and mitochondrial biogenesis. Several proteins located in MAMs, including those encoded by PARK genes and some of neurodegeneration-related proteins (huntingtin, presenilin, etc.), ensure this regulation. In this regard, MAM alteration is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), and Huntington's diseases (HD) and contributes to the appearance of the pathogenesis features, i.e., autophagy dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lately, neuronal death. Moreover,, ER stress and/or damaged mitochondria can be the cause of these disruptions. Therefore, ER-mitochondria contact structure and function are crucial to multiple cellular processes. This review is focused on the molecular interaction between ER and mitochondria indispensable to MAM formation and on MAM alteration-induced etiology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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1 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain; Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
2 Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
3 Department Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute Kings College London, London, UK
4 Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands