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Abstract
This study aims to identify the flora and the main vegetation groups of the "Grand Park of Tirana", by classifying them with the hemeroby parameter. The selected site is semi-natural, which means that the park was built on existing vegetation of Mediterranean forests and shrubs. The registered native flora is a total of 337 species, which belong to 73 families and 248 genera and makes up 27% of Tirana Flora. The hemeroby index was calculated by classifying the vegetation groups and to each vegetation type was given a hemeroby index, according to Kowarik grades. For each species was assigned a hemeroby value. The dominant species are the oligohemerobe and mesohemerobe ones. It means that the park preserve it naturalness with a high degree of urban impact. The main vegetation classes' occuring in the park are: Phragmito-Magnocaricetea, Bidentetea tripartitae, Stellarietea mediae, Sisymbrietea officinalis etc. The results are digitalized on the map area by using Arc Map 10.1.
Keywords: Urban Park, hemeroby, GIS, ruderal vegetation.
1.Introduction
The synoptic view by the satellites indicates that the urbanization process has influenced on the conditions of plants habitats [22]. The urban parks are areas that affect directly or not in the life quality and wellness of the city [1]. This is well known mostly by the studies conducted over the world where the sustainable management of parks is a parameter for the city sustainability [2]. Anyway the cities are very dynamic places and they have heterogeneous conditions for plants growing. Therefore the cities preserve a high diversity of plant species and subspecies without human care [24].
Nowadays, all over the world the study of urban vegetation and flora is a noteworthy tradition [23], but in Albania our work is the first time study in such sites. Till now there have been a lot of statistical reports over the "Grand Park of Tirana" made by the Municipality of Tirana but not scientific researches on the field. The first attempting is done by the authors [14, 15] the last 5 years. Therefore the whole work acquires the value of the first time study.
In the analysis of urban habitats it is important the ecological indicator investigations on flora and vegetation [7]. Therefore, in order to determine these indicators the ecologists...