L'intervention de l'inconnu dans la vie personnelle

Abstract

Le sujet de cette these est l'intervention de l'inconnu dans la vie personnelle examinee a travers les temoignages de differents penseurs de notre tradition occidentale (Socrate, Apulee, Julien, Augustin). On discute ici de leur consensus a propos de la facon dont quelque chose d'autre que l'homme s'adresse intimement a ce dernier au fil de sa destinee. On parle de leur reconnaissance transculturelle d'un agencement exceptionnel de phenomenes a la fois physiques, psychiques et spirituels qu'ils atribuent, chacun suivant sa culture et sa religion, a la manifestation d'une realite independante et paradoxalement inconnaissable en elle-meme. Premierement, on delimite l'enquete par rapport a la theologie, aux sciences religieuses et aux philosophies de la religion en general. Deuxiemement, on verifie la validite d'une criteriologie de ce discernement et l'on montre qu'elle s'avere identique chez les penseurs etudies. Troisiemement, on corrobore le contenu de cette criteriologie a l'aide des avis d'une serie d'autres penseurs occidentaux grecs, latins et chretiens, dont Platon, Aristote, Clement d'Alexandrie, Jamblique, Macrobe, Pseudo-Denys, Thomas d'Aquin, etc. Quatriemement, on etablit la pertinence et l'originalite de cette contribution epistemologique par des comparaisons avec les points de vue de specialistes tels que Festugiere, Bultmann, Barth, Tillich, Otto, Dodds, Hick, Hoffman. Enfin, en appendice, on ajoute d'autres comparaisons avec des auteurs comme Husserl, Dumery, Marion, Urs von Balthasar, Bouyer, etc. En somme, la these reunit pour la premiere fois les conditions d'experience reelles a partir desquelles maints sages du passe disaient qu'une realite autre qu'humaine pouvait intervenir au cours de notre existence. Elle explique les composantes de ce "scheme de reconnaissance", lequel n'avait pas encore ete etudie sous cette forme en philsophie. Ce faisant, elle relativise nombre d'opinions qui circulent toujours a ce sujet et degage l'importance de certains facteurs irrationnels, involontaires, intransmissibles et gratuits qui se trouvent aussi a l'origine historique de l'impulsion a philosopher.

Abstract (AI English translation)

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The subject of this thesis is the intervention of the unknown in personal life examined through the testimonies of different thinkers of our Western tradition (Socrates, Apuleius, Julian, Augustine). Here we discuss their consensus about how something other than man speaks intimately to him as his destiny unfolds. We speak of their transcultural recognition of an exceptional combination of physical, psychic and spiritual phenomena which they attribute, each according to their culture and their religion, to the manifestation of an independent and paradoxically unknowable reality in itself. First, the inquiry is delimited in relation to theology, religious studies and philosophies of religion in general. Secondly, we verify the validity of a criterion of this discernment and we show that it turns out to be identical among the thinkers studied. Third, the content of this criteriology is corroborated with the opinions of a series of other Western Greek, Latin and Christian thinkers, including Plato, Aristotle, Clement of Alexandria, Jamblichus, Macrobius, Pseudo-Dionysius, Thomas d Aquinas, etc. Fourth, the relevance and originality of this epistemological contribution are established by comparisons with the points of view of specialists such as Festugiere, Bultmann, Barth, Tillich, Otto, Dodds, Hick, Hoffman. Finally, in the appendix, we add other comparisons with authors such as Husserl, Dumery, Marion, Urs von Balthasar, Bouyer, etc. In short, the thesis brings together for the first time the real conditions of experience from which many sages of the past said that a reality other than human could intervene during our existence. It explains the components of this "recognition scheme", which had not yet been studied in this form in philosophy. In doing so, she relativizes a number of opinions that still circulate on this subject and highlights the importance of certain irrational, involuntary, intransmissible and gratuitous factors that are also at the historical origin of the impulse to philosophize.