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Abstract
The developmental and physiological complexity of the auditory system is likely reflected in the underlying set of genes involved in auditory function. In humans, over 150 non-syndromic loci have been identified, and there are more than 400 human genetic syndromes with a hearing loss component. Over 100 non-syndromic hearing loss genes have been identified in mouse and human, but we remain ignorant of the full extent of the genetic landscape involved in auditory dysfunction. As part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, we undertook a hearing loss screen in a cohort of 3006 mouse knockout strains. In total, we identify 67 candidate hearing loss genes. We detect known hearing loss genes, but the vast majority, 52, of the candidate genes were novel. Our analysis reveals a large and unexplored genetic landscape involved with auditory function.
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1 Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
2 King’s College London, London, UK; The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
3 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
4 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
5 Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California, USA
6 CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
7 RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
8 The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canada and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
9 Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
10 Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
11 Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
12 German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
13 German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany
14 Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany
15 German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
16 Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
17 Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
18 Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
19 Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universität München, and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse, Neuherberg, Germany
20 Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
21 Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
22 German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Gene Center, Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Munich, Germany
23 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Gene Center, Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Munich, Germany
24 Institute for Food and Health, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
25 SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
26 IMPC, San Anselmo, California, USA
27 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
28 The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canada and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
29 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
30 CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
31 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
32 Childrens’ Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
33 Queen Mary University of London, London, UK