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Program transformations that remove stylistic flaws and enhance a program's clarity have been documented and may be applied to programs with these flaws. A useful measure of program clarity would be an indication of a reduction in the amount of mental effort required for comprehension due to a modification. Six transformations, or impurity classes, are analyzed to determine their effects on a program. They characterize specific flaws in programming style, and were found only in poorly written programs. Programming guidelines for program clarity assist in preparing more easily understood programs. They may not all be applied in a general fashion. One such guideline is the elimination of the GO TO statement in a conditional statement, which can be replaced by other clearer statements. The removal of impurities can reduce the estimated amount of mental work required for program comprehension, Although program volume is not consistently affected, equality is more nearly achieved. Formulas.